When rubber equipment in a milking system ages, physical and chemical deterioration occurs and cracks, crevices, as well as deposits of organic and inorganic material is formed on the surface. Bacterial colonization can accumulate, especially on ageing rubber equipment and if the cleaning procedure is not functioning properly. Formation of biofilm in milking equipment could in turn cause bacterial contamination of bulk tank milk. ATP bioluminescence is a fast and easy way to determine the hygienic status of a surface based on its ATP content, and results are given in relative light units (RLU). The method measures both bacterial contamination as well as residues from other organic material.

The district nurses' duties with all organisational changes, above all during the last 20 years, have been changed. Economy and listing governs which visits that to be prioritized. The aim with this study was to examine what district nurses in the primary care in Uppsala län has for view about their occupational role. The method was qualitative and the selection comprized ten district nurses in Uppsala län that were interviewed individually on the basis of a semi structured interview guide that the authors the actual created. In the wide analysis of the results could a theme, As a rubber screw in a shrinking hole and three central categories be discerned, Occupational role, Diversity and Organisation.

The purpose of this study was, if possible, to find a housing system for growing bulls that was as optimal as possible for the animal welfare. In order to select housing systems you must take into account the size of the group, body weight and the type of floor. Seven of the international most common housing systems were compared, straw bedding, deep straw bedding, sliding straw bedding, concrete slatted floor, rubber coated slatted floor, cubicles and feeding cubicles. Studies that have examined the proportion of tail, claw and leg injuries and the presence of unnatural behavior in the different systems. In summary, all studies showed that soft underlay were beneficial for the animals in terms of the proportion of bone lesions and swellings.

This thesis was rendered for the client HAGS Aneby AB that is a global leader in playground equipment. The goal of this project was to develop a seesaw that is available for children aged 5-12 years; both with and without disabilities. The project has aimed to develop a seesaw that fits everyone in the target group without looking specially adapted.Children with disabilities have difficulty using today's seesaws because they consist of only a seat and a handle on each side. It requires that the user has strong arms and legs and can sit up without support. HAGS Aneby AB would like to change this.To gain knowledge of the target group and on the different types of disabilities information was sought for on the internet including the RBU's and UNICEF's websites.

A two-factor design of experiments done on GGAB for the identification of two selected factors influence on the length of the scattering of heat exchanger gaskets. The work consists of four parts: study, choice of survey method, the performance of investigation and analysis of the results. Chosen factors on the study are considered to be the most effecting of the length distribution of seals during the production of GGAB. The study is the first of its kind both in GGAB and in the rubber industry and has an experimental nature..

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the 20m multistage shuttle run test (MST) for elite ice hockey players as a predictor of the maximal aerobic capacity and the how the result is affected by the players age, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, body composition and test surface. The purpose of this was to find out the potential of the 20-m shuttle run test as a measuringtool for the maximal aerobic capacity in frequent testing periods during the season. It is very interesting to be able to administer this easily because the competative phase of the season is very long compared to the pre-seasonal phase and earlier studies have shown that the aerobic capacity is being lowered during this competative phase of the season for elite icehockey players.Methods: 34 elite ice hockey players participated in this study (20.0±3.6 yrs, BMI 24.2±1.6 and VO2-max 58.0±4.8 ml O2?kg-1?min-1). During 3-5 days they underwent 2 MST tests (wood and rubber surface), treadmill running with VO2-max assessed with open-circuit technique, Wingate10% and FFM-assessment with underwater-technique.

The title of this project: "Istället för träd" translates as "Instead of trees" or "Replacing trees". By looking at different ways of replacing trees in the urban environment through functionality analysis, I study the creative process. To achieve this, I present eleven different ideas, and follow and analyse the process of sketching. One conclusion about the creative process is that it is a non-linear chain of events influenced by factors like method, external impressions and chance. A complete design, "Trasmattan" ("The rag") is presented. It consists of a colourful striped carpet made from rubber surfacing covering part of the sidewalks of the central street "Dragarbrunnsgatan" in Uppsala, Sweden. .

When harvesteing ley there is always mechanical losses from the harvest machines. During the last years the roundbalers with knives,cutting the material-are more common, This use increase the mechanical losses of material. MATERIALS AND METHODS The roundbaler which used in this test was a Krone Vario Pack 1500 Multi Cut. This roundbaler has 17 knives. The theoretical length of cut was 64 mm. During the test we stretched a rubber tarp under the balechamber and collected the materials which fell down from the balechamber.

This thesis deals with the development of a specification regarding a push-button, which will be used to control the gear-shifting function in an automobile. In addition to this the author will describe different techniques and theories that have been helpful in achieving data and results for the specification.Kongsberg Automotive AB, is located in Mullsjö, Sweden, the company supplies parts to the automotive industry. In the research and development department, R&D, there is a group that works with development of Shift-By-Wire systems. In an automobile with a Shift-By-Wire system the communication between the gear-shifter and the gear-box occurs electronically. The mechanical link is, in most cases, taken away and replaced by the digital system.

Betong är vårt vanligaste byggmaterial men cement står globalt sett för 5 % av CO2-emissionerna. Med detta som bakgrund så har CBI Betonginstitutet anordnat en tävling, där målet är att nå den högsta tryckhållfasthet i en resurssnål betong, med enbart 200 kg cement per m3. Syftet med denna rapport är att utvärdera tävlingen, vilket har utförts genom en omfattande litteraturstudie. En första analys av de olika betongrecepten medförde att olika grupperingar kunde urskiljas. Ur dessa fanns det tre stycken vars resultat var väldigt bra. ? Concrete Innovation Centre, som med ett lågt vct, stora mängder granulerad masugnsslagg (81 %) och lite silikastoft (5 %), uppnådde en tryckhållfasthet på 80 MPa vid 28 dygn och 95 MPa vid 56 dygn. ? CBI Stockholm, som genom användandet av ulltrafint filler och silikastoft (4,8 %), uppnådde en tryckhållfasthet på 84 MPa vid 28 dygn och 98 MPa vid 56 dygn. ? Thomas Concrete Group som genom att ersätta cementet med en medelmåttig mängd granulerad masugnsslagg (54 %), liten mängd flygaska (9 %), kalkfiller och silikastoft (5 %), uppnådde en tryckhållfasthet på 94 MPa vid 28 dygn och 98 MPa vid 56 dygn. Det finns således tre recept som vidare studier kan vara rättfärdigade på, de tre ovan nämnda. Det bör tilläggas att en imponerande tryckhållfasthet på nästan 100 MPa, kan uppnås i en betong med enbart 200 kg cement per m3. .

Barren rearing environment and early weaning of piglets can lead to a high level of distress, behavioural disturbances and reduction in weight gain. The main aim of this thesis was to study the effects of potential enrichment objects on piglet?s behaviour and weight gain during the pre- and post-weaning period. The second aim was to examine what type of object stimulated the highest frequency of interaction. The study was carried out at the Swedish Livestock Research Centre in Lövsta where a batch of litters from 10 first-parity Yorkshire sows were used.

Ravelsmarks gård have now reached the stage when there are few options for the future. The options are either a construction of completely new farm buildings or a winding up of the milk production. Present on the farm today there is 65 dairy cows plus recruitment. 44 cows stand in long-stalls and 20 cows stand in short-stalls. The objective of this study was to examine the profitability of a completely new cowshed. In order to get costs for investments different milking systems and equipment for feedstuff have been compared. The systems in the investment budget have been chosen on recommendations from advisers, salesmen and on the basis on what is suitable for the farm. One system where a so-called mix feeder wagon is used for the roughage seemed to be best suited for Ravelsmark. The different prices obtained for the manure well show that there are possibilities to decrease the investment costs.

Med ett allt större globalt intresse för miljön och ökande trafikmängd på både svenska och utländska vägar har behoven av hållbara vägbläggningar ökat under de senaste årtiondena och förväntas öka ännu mer i framtiden eftersom transportbehoven ständigt ökar. Det har därför också blivit allt vanligare att det i bitumen tillsätts olika typer av polymerer för att erhålla asfalt med bättre egenskaper. Gummi från utslitna bildäck är en av de polymerer som blivit allt mer uppmärksammat under senare år. I flera länder både inom Europa och i resten av världen har användning av gummigranulat från kasserade däck i vägbeläggningar övergått från testverksamhet till en regelrätt användning. I Sverige har man inte kommit lika långt.

The giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is listed as an endangered species and scientific litterature concerning its biology and behaviour is scarce. The current study observed a group of three giant otters in a Swedish zoo. First the otters normal behaviour was recorded. Then the aim of the study was to see if the otters behaviour changed when given blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Furthermore the aim was to see if the otters displayed any tool-using behaviour when given mussels.

This report is a bachelor thesis work in the field of product development and design. The assignment has been to develop a solution for roof racks, normally used for cars, to fit on the open trailer models FS1425 and Alugance. The project was implemented by Johan Andersson and Victor Karlsson, students at the Mechanical Engineering program with a focus on product development and design at Jo?nko?ping?s school of Engineering, in spring 2012.The client wants to use transport solutions in the same way as roof racks on cars. The user of such a product is assumed to desire simplicity, safety and an attractive design with an appealing price, which has been a challenge during the thesis work.Pre-studies have been conducted to examine the potential competitors and gain knowledge in the research area.