The Swedish pulp and paper industry meets higher demand for energy efficiencyi mprovements with increasing energy prices and changes in the Swedish renewable energy certificate system. One action of energy efficiency improvement is by using secondary heat, that otherwise would have been treated as waste heat, for use in a system with lower temperature demands. The aim of this Master´s thesis is to identify possible secondary heat sources in a typical Swedish pulp and paper mill and to investigate what economic benefits the secondary heat will provide when being used for pre heating of wood chips to a kraft digester.The Master´s thesis focuses on three secondary heat sources; dry warm air, warm water and moisture saturated warm air located inside the pulp or paper mill. Two types of kraft digesters are simulated within this study, a typical Scandinavian digester and a modern twin vessel steam phase digester.Due to quality aspects and low temperature level drying is the drying technology with dry warm air rejected. Using warm water in direct contact with wood chips increases the quantity of water to the evaporation plant and thus reduced pulp or paper production and is therefore also rejected.

An analysis of a specific application of anaerobic wastewater treatment at a pulp and board mill, Stora Enso Skoghall, was carried out. A literature study was done and effluent wastewater from CTMP pulp production was analyzed. The analysis consisted of a broad constituent analysis and an anaerobic treatment trial. Results from these test where used to calculate the treatment effectiveness and resulting energy potential at the mill.The literature study and constituent analysis showed that toxicity of the water to be treated, due to wood extractives and sulphur content, was of concern. Detoxification chemicals targeting these constituents where used in the anaerobic treatment trial.

Syfte/ Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur artister använder sig av storytelling som ett verktyg i sitt varumärkesbyggande. Vi har studerat i vilka former historieberättande yttrar sig och vilka berättartekniska byggstenar som ligger till grund för historier inom musikindustrin. Följande frågeställning har utgjort grunden för studien; Hur använder sig artister av storytelling som ett verktyg i sitt varumärkesbyggande?Metod Studien bygger på textanalys i form av en fallstudie. Med en begränsning av två olika fall - Lady Gaga och Rolling Stones ? har vi valt att samla in relevant data i form av textmaterial såsom musikvideor, fotografier, intervjuer, dokumentärer och presentationstext.

Syfte/ Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur artister använder sig av storytelling som ett verktyg i sitt varumärkesbyggande. Vi har studerat i vilka former historieberättande yttrar sig och vilka berättartekniska byggstenar som ligger till grund för historier inom musikindustrin. Följande frågeställning har utgjort grunden för studien; Hur använder sig artister av storytelling som ett verktyg i sitt varumärkesbyggande?Metod Studien bygger på textanalys i form av en fallstudie. Med en begränsning av två olika fall - Lady Gaga och Rolling Stones ? har vi valt att samla in relevant data i form av textmaterial såsom musikvideor, fotografier, intervjuer, dokumentärer och presentationstext.

Tomato production is a common and important agricultural activity in Nicaragua. During the last decades tomato producers have suffered great yield losses due to begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae). The genome of begomoviruses generally consists of two circular ssDNA components, DNA-A and DNA-B. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is an example of a begomovirus with only one component. An approach to manage the virus epidemics has been to breed a cultivar with begomovirus resistance genes, which have been transferred from wild tomato.

Blast furnace is the heart of every steel plant. Steel production is based on the blast furnace process, as it is where the iron is extracted from the iron ore and turned into liquid iron, which will subsequently be used to make liquid steel. Therefore, without hot iron, steel can not be produced. Blast furnaces in this process are supplied among others with pulverized coal. Raw coal should be prepared for the blast furnaces in the form of fine coal powder.

In the process of making carton boards into Skoghall Mill, are great quantities of water being contaminated. This water has to be treated before it is possible to release into the recipient, Kattfjorden. One of the contaminations that is important to extract from the wastewater, is organic carbon (measured as TOC-total organic carbon) because microbiological breakdown can lead to the bottom becomig free of oxygen.The wastewater treatment at Skoghall Mill is done through an external wastewater treatment that is located at the factory. The biological treatment (aerated lagoon) is a 140 000 m3 water pool with surface aerator, which is give oxygen to the water. In the lagoon live microorganisms who performs the biggest part of the TOC-reduction.One problem with the lagoon is that the treatment of TOC is considerably worse during wintertime than during summertime.

        This is a report that describes the entire process of design of a measuring station for rolling resistance. The report is structured with elements of Fredy Olsson's method.The report also includes a brief presentation of HGF, the company that will manufacture the machine. Requirements and preferences are set up and used in a weighting of criteria by which product suggestions are based. These suggestions are used in the evaluation to produce a final draft product. Solutions to major functions are produced by criteria?s. Component selection for all components is performed, a CAD-based model is developed and an economic analysis is set up. FMEA analysis is set up. The report ends with a brief summary, critical review and suggestions for further work..

        This is a report that describes the entire process of design of a measuring station for rolling resistance. The report is structured with elements of Fredy Olsson's method.The report also includes a brief presentation of HGF, the company that will manufacture the machine. Requirements and preferences are set up and used in a weighting of criteria by which product suggestions are based. These suggestions are used in the evaluation to produce a final draft product. Solutions to major functions are produced by criteria?s. Component selection for all components is performed, a CAD-based model is developed and an economic analysis is set up. FMEA analysis is set up. The report ends with a brief summary, critical review and suggestions for further work..

This rapport handles the presence of two kinds of watermills in the Swedish landscape. The first is a small type with a horizontal shovel blade and the other a bigger kind with a vertical standing shovel scoop. The rapport seeks for information of their capacity and how long they existed as flour producing units. A important issue is how small can a brook be and still run a mill. Finally the reasons for their disappearance in one selected parish is shown..

Studien har skett i samarbete med Bjuvs kommun som beviljats bidrag från Kulturrådet för att genomföra RGRM i äldreomsorgen. Vår studie fokuserar på hur deltagande i RGRM-metoden upplevs av omsorgstagarna och om RGRM-metoden har någon inverkan på relationen mellan omsorgstagare och omsorgspersonal. Resultattolkningen leder fram till att deltagande i aktivitet som tillämpar RGRM-metoden, förutom bättre fysisk hälsa och ?hjärngympa? i form av koncentration, också skapar möjligheter för social samvaro, återkoppling via musiken till tidigare minnen och känsla av tillhörighet. I fråga om RGRM-metodens inverkan på relationer så är det framförallt omsorgspersonalen som uttrycker att de får en fördjupad kontakt med omsorgstagarna..

Denna uppsats berör försöket med trängselskatter i Stockholms innerstad. Införandet av dessa har under en längre tid varit på tapeten inom politiska kretsar. Diskussionerna har pågått under en femtonårs period och en mängd förslag har debatterats. Den lösning som innebar införandet av trängselskatter på försök klubbades igenom under 2003 och försöket startade i januari 2006. Denna modell är inspirerad av liknande system i andra städer som exempelvis London och Oslo.

Vattenfall hedge its future electricity production in order to decrease fluctuations in theresult. Hedging can in a simplified way be described as selling the future electricity deliveriesin long-term contracts so that the future price of the delivery becomes fixed. The contractsused are electricity forwards traded at the Nordic electricity market Nord Pool. Animbalance between buyers and sellers can lead to a situation where the forward price notequals the expected spot price. The difference between the forward price and the expectedspot price is referred to as the market risk premium.

Soils in a metal contaminated site on Stångberget in Gusum in southeastSweden were investigated and compared to relatively unaffected soils a fewkilometres away. Pollution came from historical release of untreated flue gasesfrom a brass mill. The objective was to find information on how high the metalconcentrations are, if metals from the polluted soil affect the surroundings andif the metal contamination affects the microbial community. The soil wasinvestigated using several different methods, such as field XRF measurements,chemical analysis of metal, carbon and nitrogen content, pH, acid neutralizingcapacity, texture, soil depth, field leach tests, sequential extraction and microbialfunctional profiles. The study showed that copper and zinc concentrationswere above Swedish Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for lesssensitive land use on the entire investigated area.

The project ?Investment proposal for grinding station for service work of screw feeders? has been performed during the spring semester 2014 for the course Bachelor?s thesis for degree of  Bachelor of science in machine engineering at Karlstad?s University. The project has been performed in cooperation with Fiber Workshop which is a service department in the company Valmet AB. Valmet AB is a company that develops and manufacture soft paper tissue machines. The screw feeder is a part that is used to feed, and squeeze out the water out of woodchips.