Det existerar ett flertal applikationer där kännedom om användarens position används, dessa tillämpningar är i många fall baserade på GPS-systemet. Problem kan dock uppstå då GPS-signalen inte alltid är tillgänglig, exempel på detta kan vara i stadsmiljöer med höga byggnader eller inomhus i parkeringshus eller lagerbyggnader.Eftersom GPS inte lämpar sig i realtidsapplikationer där krav sätts på noggrannhet i avseende på positionsuppskattning, syftar detta arbete till att implementera ett positioneringssystem baserat på inbördes avståndsmätningar mellan noder.Litteraturen inom området antar att ett protokoll för medium access control (MAC) existerar och därmed att inga datakollisioner uppstår, på så sätt kan alla noder i systemet utföra avståndsmätningar samtidigt. Dessa implementationer använder sig oftast av ett MAC-lager som har en oförutsägbar fördröjning. Oförutsägbar fördröjning är ett stort problem för positioneringssystem som ska fungera i realtid. Kandidatarbetet utvecklade två MAC-algoritmer anpassade för olika hårdvarukonfigurationer, båda är självstabiliserande, självkonfigurerande samt självorganiserande.De testresultat som presenteras visar att den implementerade algoritmen endast beror på antalet mobila noder i systemet och därmed är helt deterministisk.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities for shore side electricity in the ports of Västerås and Köping. A technical solution to connect the vessels to the local grid is suggested and the investigation is also aiming at an understanding of how the environment is affected by the use of shore side electricity. Furthermore, the costs of shore side electricity are considered.The maximum power demand of a vessel visiting the ports today is relatively small, but the ships visiting the ports in the future might have a larger power demand. The suggested dimension for the system is 5 MW and the result shows that the shore side electricity requires the power distribution to the ports to be expanded. The most useful solution in the ports is to connect the ships with 12 kV from a connection box in a pit at the quay.The investigation of the costs shows that it is cheaper for the ships to use electricity compared to the marine fuel.

Denna studie syftar till att beskriva chefers syn på administration inom stadsbyggnadsförvaltning och att identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter inom administrativt arbete. Studien bygger på fem individuella, kvalitativa intervjuer och en workshop. I studien deltar fyra enhetschefer och en avdelningschef från en stadsbyggnadsförvaltning i Sverige. Till detta tillkommer en litteraturdel som baseras på bilden av chefsarbete, chefsrollen i offentlig sektor och två förbättringsstrategier Lean och Sex Sigma. I workshopen används Sex Sigma´s fiskbensdiagram som verktyg. Informanternas syn på administration är framförallt att den anses som nödvändig.

Structural rationalizations and regionalization of the agricultural sector in Sweden has lead to unevenness in thedistribution of plant nutrients. Nutrients are lost from crop producing farms as harvest products are sold, whilefarms with animal production often have manure in excess of their needs. In addition to this the retention ofwater and nutrients in naturally occurring wetlands has decreased due to a reduction of wetlands in number andsize in the agricultural landscape. This increases nutrient levels in agricultural run-off and causes eutrophicationas well as nutrient losses from arable soils. One potential solution to both problems would be to store nutrientrichsurface water from agricultural areas and use it for irrigation of agricultural crops.

Brämhults Juice AB is one of Sweden?s leading producers of fresh fruit juices and drinks. The fruit drinks last 3 days once opened and when stored in a refrigerator kept at 7°C. Since factors that shorten the drinks? best before date are usually not noticed until the entire batch has expired, it would be advantageous to find a way to accelerate the drinks? natural deterioration, so that an unusal short best before date is noticed before more products are shipped off to the stores.

This paper deals with the opportunities for the technique of condensation, for wood fired household heaters, on the Swedish market. In this project the condenser is preceded by a scrubber and both energy exchange and separation of unburnt particles have been studied. The facility studied is connected to a wood stove at 30 kW. The tests would show that the effect from the stove never reached above 16 kW. This might be a result of the low temperature of the water going into the stove, from the condenser. In addition to this the wood was not of highest quality and the stove could have needed some maintenance before the tests.

The specific task of this thesis is to illustrate the complexity of a cooperation between civilian and military entities by examining Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) and their role as an actor among others in the field in a war-torn Afghanistan.By using counterinsurgency strategy as an analytical framework it has been possible to examine the civilian and military contexts closer. Underlying structures concerning the norms and interpretation of reality of the PRTs has been partly revealed. Studies of the PRTs as one significant bearers of "the comprehensive approach", which includes a holistic approach regarding the use of civilian and military capabilities, new conclusions can be drawn on whether a general civil-military approach can be a part of the solution for current and future conflicts. Based on the counterinsurgency strategy, the author has identified three themes as bearing and thus appears through the thesis as a foundation. These are Coordination, Development and Security.

After contacting the company Elite Group Sverige AB, who sells strollers under the brand Crescent Baby, it was determined that the project group were to develop a three wheeled stroller which was going to be Crescents first own developed stroller. Only the frame of the stroller was considered within the demarcation of this project however care was taken to the placement of the carry-cot and the wheels etc. Crescent Baby wished for the frame would be smaller than the competitor Urban Jungle, that the frame would have at least three unique selling points and that the number of unique parts was to be minimized. The work began with information seeking regarding strollers, competitors, independent tests, European standards and consumer interviews. After that a number of concepts were developed and past to Crescent.

The forestry companies? operational planning process is these days dependent on reliable, efficient and user-friendly computer-based support systems. This study is an evaluation of Holmen Skog's current computer-based systems. The aim of this study is to: ? investigate the work pattern of the production managers when using the information system to plan the harvesting operation; ? investigate the efficiency and user friendliness of the information system with the different work patterns and to find the strengths, weaknesses and bottlenecks in the current system; ? find out if the type of object, the volume, the area of the harvesting object affects the time and work pattern; ? examine how this type of study is met by the employees and what factors that is critical to avoid feelings of intrusion. The conclusions of the study were: ? there is a large variation between the work patterns of the production managers and the time spend to perform the operational planning; ? the mainframe computer system used by Holmen Skog is clear, has short response times, is robust and conveys relevant information; ? the computer systems are however divided in many subsystems.

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att utreda möjligheten att klassificera en vägbeläggningskvalitet genom att utnyttja signaler från en bils befintliga givare. Vidare är examensarbetet enförstudie till ett eventuellt större projekt, som skall leda till utvecklingen av ett komplettklassificeringssystem som underlättar för väghållaren (t.ex. Vägverket) att inventeravägbeläggningens kvalitet. Uppdragsgivare har varit Semcon AB i Göteborg.I arbetet ingick att sätta systemavgränsningar beträffande olika beläggningstyper som skall kunnadetekteras, vilka hastigheter som skall tillämpas vid mätningarna samt vilka signaler från bilensgivare som är relevanta att utnyttja.Arbetet bestod i huvudsak av insamling av mätdata samt analys av denna i MATLAB1. Utifrån deninformation som den insamlade mätdatan gav, kunde sedan ett robust klassificeringssystem skapas,vilket med god precision klarar av att klassificera fyra olika beläggningstyper.Examensarbetet visar att det finns goda möjligheter till ett fördjupat arbete som kan resultera i ettför väghållaren mycket effektivt klassificeringsverktyg som underlättar att upprätthållastatusinformationen beträffande vägbeläggningens kvalitet.

En stor del av den svenska befolkningen har svårigheter att läsa en hel del texter på svenska, t ex myndighetstexter, nyheter men även skönlitteratur. Detta innebär att många inte har samma tillgång till information via det skrivna mediet som övrig allmänhet erbjuds. Komplicerade texter har visat sig besitta en avancerad syntax som försämrar läsbarheten. Manuell bearbetning av texter vid syntaxförenkling är en tidskrävande process och ett automatiserat tillvägagångssätt är önskvärt. I syfte att undersöka huruvida ett verktyg som automatiserar förenklingsprocessen är möjlig med dagens teknik togs verktyget CogFLUX fram.

When patrolling grocery stores, customers engage in a purchase situation where they face great amounts of information, whereof price is one. This paper intends to shed light on the price information search behavior that customer's exhibit before choosing their products in grocery stores. In order to do so two studies have been conducted, one quantitative and one qualitative, to assemble the data needed to provide statistically significant results. The objective of the quantitative study is to gather data on customer's external price information search, and it is based on the most recent eye-tracking technology. The second qualitative study is complementary and based on interviews with randomly chosen customers that have responded to several questions regarding their price information search, shopping knowledge and experiences.

Denna rapport analyserar flera aspekter kring avståndsmätning med optisk triangulering, speciellt då ljuskällan ger en relativt bred ljusstråle. Vid optisk triangulering mäts avståndet genom att belysa scenen med ljusstrålar som bildar ljusfläckar där de träffar. Genom att betrakta scenen med en CCD-kamera förskjuten ifrån ljuskällan går det att beräkna avståndet till dessa ljusfläckar. Huvudsyftet är att undersöka möjligheterna att bygga en billig och robust avståndsmätare som skall kunna användas utomhus på en mobil robotplatform. Grundläggande principer såväl som teoretiska modeller beskrivs och analyseras.

Brämhults Juice AB is one of Sweden?s leading producers of fresh fruit juices and drinks. The fruit drinks last 3 days once opened and when stored in a refrigerator kept at 7°C. Since factors that shorten the drinks? best before date are usually not noticed until the entire batch has expired, it would be advantageous to find a way to accelerate the drinks? natural deterioration, so that an unusal short best before date is noticed before more products are shipped off to the stores.

Today?s society is one where technological advances are made daily, which increases the need to stop and assess the risks against users? integrity when integrating new technology in contemporary systems all the greater. We have taken two technologies, Near Field Communication and Certified Wireless USB, whose envisioned area of use is to be integrated into mobile phones, and evaluated what security threats are revealed for the respective technologies. The threats against security have been identified through research of the standards and existing reports for each technology. Practical experiments have not been conducted on account of us not having access to any equipment to run such trials.