Patientsäkerhet och arbetet för att hindra uppkomsten av vårdskador är ett högaktuellt område. Problemet med undvikbara vårdskador är omfattande och i Sverige uppges vårdskador orsaka 630 000 extra vårddygn på ett år, vilket medför både ett mänskligt lidande men också ekonomiska konsekvenser för samhället. Antalet patienter som skadas av vården är ett direkt mått på patientsäkerheten. Brister i kommunikation och teamarbete är en betydande orsak till att vårdskador uppstår. Syftet med studien, som utfördes som en litteraturöversikt, var att belysa faktorer som kunde påverka kommunikationen och teamarbetet i hälso- och sjukvården samt vilken betydelse dessa hade för patientsäkerheten.

The purpose of my essay is on one hand to research and evaluate the measures that one intermediate school in Sweden, uses in order to prevent bullying and stop it in the event that one pupil happens to get bullied or harassed. In other words, I would like to show how that school is capable of creating a safe environment. Qualitative research is used to obtain these findings.On the other hand, I also wish to examine what pupils at the school think about these measures and how they perceive the attitudes of the school?s teachers and management regarding the prevention of bullying. In order to acquire this information quantitative research is used.The conclusions that I draw after conducting my research are as follows:1- Regarding the ?Anti ? bullying Performance Plan?, my essay shows that school teachers and management actively work in order to maintain a safe environment and as a result bullying is successfully prevented the school.

Fel i operationssalen kan få stora konsekvenser. Enligt både WHO och Socialstyrelsen är kommunikation och koordination den främsta orsaken till vårdskador inom sjukvården. Operationsavdelningen är den plats inom sjukvården där flest vårdskador händer och de beror ofta på dåligt samarbete i operationslaget. Studier har visat att störst skillnad i uppfattning om effektivt samarbete finns hos operationssjuksköterskor och kirurger. Operationssjuksköterskor beskriver gott samarbete som när deras arbetsinsats respekteras medan ett gott samarbete för kirurger kännetecknas av att ha operationssjuksköterskor som förutser deras behov och följer instruktioner.

The purpose of the study was to describe the nurse´s role and experiences aroundpreparation of children in front of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) placement andblood draw. The study used a descriptive design with qualitative approach and wasperformed on a pediatric clinic in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were performedwith seven nurses of whom the first was a pilot interview, which was included in theresult. The recruitment of nurses was made by a purposeful sampling, maximumvariation sampling, with help of the quality coordinator of the pediatric clinic. Thecollected data was analyzed with the manifest qualitative content method.

Avvikelserapportering är grundläggande för att identifiera risker som kan leda till vårdskador. Trots detta väljer många sjuksköterskor att inte anmäla avvikelser. Syftet med studien var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans beslut att avstå från att anmäla avvikelser. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 13 vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde underlaget för resultatet. I resultatet angavs tidsbrist som ett hinder för att anmäla avvikelser.

This essay is about the hamlets´ older boundaries, i.e. boundary lines (?rågångar?) and boundary markers in the form of rocks, and an own survey of two hamlet boundaries in southeast Sweden. Many of the boundary rocks were subjected to unintentional damage or destruction that arose during forestry activities, the excavation of ditches, or road construction. Boundaries between hamlets sparsely populated areas were not clearly defined from the beginning, but were established initially in the form of boundary zones, that often consisted of wetlands, watercourses, or mountain heights.

Birgitta Stenberg?s autobiographical novel Kärlek i Europa was published in 1981. It takes placein the fifties and is written in a genre popular in Sweden during the seventies, the feministconfession novel. The genre had a strong political purpose, by way of sharing experiences ofliving as a woman in a patriarchal society the aim was to raise consciousness of oppression andmake way for liberation and sisterhood. But there was not room for everyone in the feministstruggle.

Work environment has been an important part of the Swedish working life for a long time and with the help of the Working Environment Law the work environment is mandatory. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper insight into how the system of middle managers systematic work environment looks like. The question was: How do six middle managers perceive and deal with systematic work environment? A qualitative study was conducted with six middle managers from a global company. During the analysis, there were three main themes to be recognized (cooperation and support facilitates the work environment, problem with the systematic work and difficulties with staff) and six sub themes.

The objective of this study was to explore the mechanisms controlling elderly people's choice of staying in there own home.The main questions were: What makes some people move to retirement homes while some people stay in their own home? What is the emotional relation to housing for people in general and elderly people in particular? How does the assessment of aid and application of the law affect elderly people's possibility to choose their way of living? What mechanisms during the twentieth century have controlled the society's way of looking on elderly people's housing? What future scenarios can we expect concerning elderly people's housing?Our method consisted of a literature study combined with qualitative interviews.The authors found a complex picture concerning elderly people's relationship to their housing and the will, wishes and possibilities to move to a retirement home or stay in their own home. One factor that affects elderly people's will to move is a deteriorated health. Another is the increased need of a safe living and access to personnel at all time. Also the assessment of aid and application of the law affect elderly people's possibility to stay at home or to move to a retirement home.

Background: Research shows that the nurse?s presence has a great significance for the relationship between patient and nurse. By this, the nurse can gain a greater understanding for the patient?s situation and thus have an opportunity to influence the patient?s health processes.Problem: Today?s focus on the technology and lack of time in healthcare can create a stress which can make it more difficult for the nurse to prove presence to the patient.Aim: To describe patients? experiences of the nurse?s presence in healthcare.Method: A qualitative approach, where Evans descriptive synthesis has been used. Eleven previously published qualitative, caring science, articles has been used in the synthesis.Results: The synthesis revealed two themes.

The thesis was done in collaboration with EAB situated in Smålandsstenar. In the initial discussion faze on doing a thesis with them there was a need to analyze and ensure the strength of an existing product, cantilever racks. This included performing FEM calculations on a model and comparing the results with physical tests.EAB has two models of cantilever racks, a light duty and a heavy duty. Within the heavy duty model series there are five product variants that differ in both size and load capacity. We will be working with the product variant with a load capacity of 1000 kg/arm which is the variant that is in the middle of the series.When we started work on the thesis we did a literature study and couldn?t find any well defined methodology that integrates both product development and computer aided design analysis.

Introduction: Parental involvement is becoming increasingly common in the paediatric health care. Parental participation at home means that parents receive instruction by nursing staff in order to perform a caregiving procedure at home.Aim: To explore parents' feelings about performing caregiving procedures on their child at home, and their experience of instruction about these, and to explore nurses? experiences of their instruction to parents.Method: A descriptive quantitative and qualitative design using questionnaires with statements to be responded by nurses and parents according to scales graded 1-10. The study was carried out during the autumn of 2009 at a pediatric unit in the University Hospital in Uppsala.Results: Ten completed questionnaires from the nursing staff and ten from parents were obtained. The mean assessment of parents' perceived safety and security, and their perception that their questions had been answered ranged between 8,6 and 9,2.

On commission of the County administrative board in Värmland County a method was developed for analysis of the occurrence of artificial land use at lakes and watercourses. With artificial land use is meant land significantly affected by man. Two bases have been used to carry out the analysis. In one of the analysis the vegetation database and in the other GSD¹-Marktäckedata (land cover data) was used (this method has been used by County administrative board in Jönköping County).The analysis comprises all watercourses within Alsterälven river basin. The digital water bodies are created by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute on the basis of GSD-Översiktskartan (general map).

This thesis work was made to optimize the writing of the construction specificationsat FKA. These construction specifications are created before each plant modificationsthat is started because requirements from the Swedish radiation safety authority(SSM) and internally on Forsmarks nuclear group as constructions / implementationdocumentationThe study was done through seven interviews of two people at three different groupsinvolved in the construction specification and an interview from the group accreditedverification. The four selected groups were selected through an extensive analyticalwork resulted in an elimination matrix where these four groups was considered to bemost involved with the construction specification.The questions asked to these individuals were based on the instructions and sampletext that are described in the construction specification. To ensure the quality of thethesis were to limit itself to the chapters that were considered most relevant toimprove. The analysis revealed a number of points that should be improved, partlyinto the routines when writing the construction specification and when ether sampletext or suggestions should be changed and complemented.

I alla byggprojekt som behandlas är arkitekter och brandkonsulter två viktiga aktörer. Arkitekternas huvudsyfte är att ge människor ett gestaltningsmässigt intryck av en byggnad, men även att ge den ett praktiskt och tryggt användande. Brand-konsulternas roll är bland annat att hjälpa arkitekterna med den del som innefattar brandsäkerhet. Idag är samarbetet mellan arkitekter och brandkonsulter inte optimalt men det finns enkla förändringar som skulle effektivisera arbetsmetodiken.Detta examensarbete har resulterat i en lathund gällande brandprojektering som riktar sig till arkitekter. Lathunden baseras på kapitlet om brandskydd i Boverkets Byggregler (BBR), de omfattande handböckerna som används vid projektering samt statistik gällande de vanligaste problemen mellan aktörerna idag.