The market risk premium is one of the most important parameters in finance. Its value and the ways to calculate a risk premium for the market is a widely debated subject. This thesis examines numerous ways of calculating a risk premium for the Swedish market with regard to how good an estimation they make of a real risk premium. Estimations based on historical periods ranging from 20 to 85 years is calculated as well as a premium based on forward-looking estimates. The real risk premium is solved out for a selection of companies and an index with the help of CAPM.

Syfte: Att ur en potentiell investerares perspektiv undersöka hur jĂ€mförbarheten i den finansiella riskredovisningen har förĂ€ndrats pĂ„ senare tid och hur innehĂ„llet förhĂ„ller sig till de regler och standarder som satts upp av IASB och IFRS. Uppsatsen ska ocksĂ„ ge en uppdaterad bild av hur jĂ€mförbarheten i bolagens finansiella riskredovisning ser ut. Metod: Uppsatsen har genomförts via en empirisk studie av Ă„rsredovisningar pĂ„ samtliga telekommunikations- och materialbolag pĂ„ Stockholmsbörsens Large Cap-lista. En innehĂ„llsanalys har gjorts pĂ„ kredit-, likviditets- och valutarisker, lokaliserade med hjĂ€lp av ett mĂ€tinstrument baserad pĂ„ tidigare forskning. Årsredovisningarna som anvĂ€nts Ă€r frĂ„n Ă„ren 2009-2011. Slutsatser: Vi finner att de enskilda bolagens redovisning av kredit-, likviditets- eller valutarisk inte har förĂ€ndrats nĂ€mnvĂ€rt under perioden 2009 till 2011. Detta leder till att den potentiella investerarens möjlighet att jĂ€mföra mellan bolag, inom branscher och mellan branscher under samma Ă„r inte har förbĂ€ttrats under perioden.

This thesis studies the relationship between risk and the first day returns of Initial Public Offerings (IPO) by assessing the risk of each issuing company with a risk model that combine financial key ratios of importance. The study is based on 92 IPO?s that were made on the Stockholm OMX stock exchange during the period of 1997-2009. The point of departure was to investigate if the uncertainty created by the asymmetric information between investors and the issuing firm could be captured by predicting the possibility of failure in the future. This has been studied by applying Skogsvik?s probability of failure model on the 92 issuing firms.

Syftet med denna studie Àr att identifiera hur olika faktorer pÄverkar icke-finansiella upplysningar som tillhandahÄlls av svenska börsnoterade företag i deras externa icke-finansiella rapporter. Studien kombinerar inslag frÄn olika redovisningsteorier, tidigare litteratur samt vetenskapliga artiklar med fokus pÄ icke-finansiell rapportering. En kvantitativ metod har anvÀnts för att undersöka mÀngden upplysningar genom en innehÄllsanalys. Vid uttagning av data och skapande av statistik har Spearman's rho korrelationsmatris och multipel regression analys anvÀnts. Totalt har 51 externa ickefinansiella rapporter undersökts.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen pÄ maximalt 8000 tecken..

During the last decades major changes has occurred at the financial markets, meaning an increasing supply and a greater variation of financial instruments. The saving habits of the Swedish people have gone from traditional bank deposits to investments in equities, funds and bonds. All this together with the great rise in the stock market at the late 90?s has brought words like risk and return up-to-date, and is the background to the development of a new law concerning financial advising which come into force the 1th of July 2004. The contents of the thesis can be described as three bricks, representing the survey questions.

The aim with this thesis is to investigate the risk management at the department Road construction, The National Road Administration Region MĂ€lardalen. The aim is also to study how the risk management could be improved to better support the project leaders. Included in theses aims is to examine potential problems with the current risk management and to suggest changes. It is of utter importance to define the concept of risk, to study how risk can be measured and in which ways risk can be analyzed. In doing so, a literary study has be done and fourteen respondents has been interviewed.Risk is to be seen more as a concept than a quantity.

Bakgrund & problem: Ett steg i IASBs och FASBs projekt att harmonisera inom de tvÄ organisationernas redovisningsregler hanterar omrÄdet leasing. Ett förslag har lagts fram som innebÀr att operationell leasing inte lÀngre ska vara ett alternativ för företag inom IFRS och US GAAP. IstÀllet skall all leasing klassificeras som finansiell och dÀrmed aktiveras pÄ företagens balansrÀkningar.Förslaget har gett upphov till mycket diskussion bland normsÀttare, revisorer, företag och investerare.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att undersöka hur svenska noterade företag pÄverkas av en förÀndring av redovisningen av leasing genom att undersöka effekterna pÄ deras nyckeltal. Studien undersöker dessutom om konsekvenserna av en ny standard skiljer sig mellan olika branscher i Sverige.Metod: Genom en kvantitativ metod dÀr Ärsredovisningar för över 200 svenska noterade företag studeras undersöks storleken pÄ den post som hade aktiverats om förslaget hade varit verklighet under 2008. DÀrefter rÀknas effekterna pÄ företagens nyckeltal ut för att göra en jÀmförelse möjlig.Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att 86 % av de undersökta företagen anvÀnder sig av operationell leasing.

Syftet med denna uppsats Àr att undersöka uppfattningar om risk inom mödrahÀlsovÄrden. Den behandlar hur barnmorskor och deras patienter uppfattar risk i samband med och runt en graviditet och hur de hanterar denna. En av metoderna för att hantera risk Àr fosterdiagnostik, vilket syftar till att finna riskgraviditeter. Fokus har frÀmst varit pÄ barnmorskor med frÄgestÀllningar kring hur de informerar om risk och fosterdiagnostik, hur de ger rÄd och hur de uppfattar den inverkan detta har pÄ deras patienter och hur dessa reagerar..

This report describes the process of translating Russian financial information in accordance with Russian Accounting Standards to IFRS, International Financial Reporting Standards. The author describes the two regulatory frameworks and reveals a number of risk factors in the process. These risk factors may affect the reliability of figures from Russian companies. The conclusion states some recommendations on how these risk factors can be managed..

Abstract Over the years the consciousness of risk has grown. It?s hard to influence risks, therefore there are guidelines stating that significant risk must be included in the annual report. This paper is a case study; the purpose was to examine how four Swedish listed companies chose to disclose their internal and external risks. Risk is initially described in general sense and then it figures to what constitutes an economic risk.Through a case study of four Swedish listed companies? annual reports we have, through qualitative methods found how the companies chose to disclosure their risks.

In this essay, Risk and crisis management Conservation policy and normalization production, I discuss how societies, communities and individuals are responsible for the handling of catastrophes and crises. Risk and vulnerability analyzes are parts of modern risk and crisis management. The purpose of these analyzes is to prepare people and organizations for any crises. For managing this it is necessary to comprehend, be able to change mindset in creating concrete tasks and inform others.The purpose of this essay is to analyze modern risk and crisis management by studying empirical material, such as interviews, observations and literature. My aim is to combine these materials and study how they cooperate.One of the findings in this essay is that risk and vulnerability analyzes are of great complexity. These analyzes require a discussion in order to identify the development of the society's crisis management system, as well as the continued support of the individuals that have a responsibility for preventing and preparing their organizations..

The aim of this small thesis is to investigate if the probability of business failure is higher at the time of divestment than at the time of acquisition for portfolio companies that have been subject to private equity ownership. The background for this thesis is the widespread critique aimed at private equity firms, claiming that they increase the risk in their portfolio companies. We have performed a study of 53 buyout transactions, involving Swedish manufacturing companies, covering a time span of 13 years, from 1995 to 2007. We find evidence of an increased risk of business failure for the portfolio companies with a short forecasting horizon (within one year). The absolute increase in the sample is however small.

Information about the risks involved shall be distributed to the people living in the area nearby to potentially dangerous installation. Swedish law stipulates strict requirements on what information should be supplied, but the law itself does not give any guidance on presentation. The main purpose of the study is to give recommendations on how to improve the information brochures. Within the study, eight people working with risk information have been interviewed and seven different risk information brochures have been studied. Also, a theoretical analysis and a practical experiment were performed using brochures from two municipalities.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the status of Swedish real estate companies in terms of financial health and risk of financial distress. The background is the ongoing financial crisis, which partly can be derived from the American real estate sector. Publicly available accounting information from 16 listed real estate companies has been analyzed for a period of one year using financial ratios covering both the operational and financial activities. We find that the deceleration in the economy and in the real estate sector have forced the real estate companies to make large write downs, in line with the relatively new accounting rules, IFRS. Write downs are likely to reoccur during the following periods and real estate companies will therefore probably be forced to continue to show negative results.