The market Risk premium is one of the most important parameters in finance. Its value and the ways to calculate a Risk premium for the market is a widely debated subject. This thesis examines numerous ways of calculating a Risk premium for the Swedish market with regard to how good an estimation they make of a real Risk premium. Estimations based on historical periods ranging from 20 to 85 years is calculated as well as a premium based on forward-looking estimates. The real Risk premium is solved out for a selection of companies and an index with the help of CAPM.

The aim with this thesis is to investigate the Risk management at the department Road construction, The National Road Administration Region Mälardalen. The aim is also to study how the Risk management could be improved to better support the project leaders. Included in theses aims is to examine potential problems with the current Risk management and to suggest changes. It is of utter importance to define the concept of Risk, to study how Risk can be measured and in which ways Risk can be analyzed. In doing so, a literary study has be done and fourteen respondents has been interviewed.Risk is to be seen more as a concept than a quantity.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka uppfattningar om Risk inom mödrahälsovården. Den behandlar hur barnmorskor och deras patienter uppfattar Risk i samband med och runt en graviditet och hur de hanterar denna. En av metoderna för att hantera Risk är fosterdiagnostik, vilket syftar till att finna Riskgraviditeter. Fokus har främst varit på barnmorskor med frågeställningar kring hur de informerar om Risk och fosterdiagnostik, hur de ger råd och hur de uppfattar den inverkan detta har på deras patienter och hur dessa reagerar..

In this essay, Risk and crisis management Conservation policy and normalization production, I discuss how societies, communities and individuals are responsible for the handling of catastrophes and crises. Risk and vulnerability analyzes are parts of modern Risk and crisis management. The purpose of these analyzes is to prepare people and organizations for any crises. For managing this it is necessary to comprehend, be able to change mindset in creating concrete tasks and inform others.The purpose of this essay is to analyze modern Risk and crisis management by studying empirical material, such as interviews, observations and literature. My aim is to combine these materials and study how they cooperate.One of the findings in this essay is that Risk and vulnerability analyzes are of great complexity. These analyzes require a discussion in order to identify the development of the society's crisis management system, as well as the continued support of the individuals that have a responsibility for preventing and preparing their organizations..

Information about the Risks involved shall be distributed to the people living in the area nearby to potentially dangerous installation. Swedish law stipulates strict requirements on what information should be supplied, but the law itself does not give any guidance on presentation. The main purpose of the study is to give recommendations on how to improve the information brochures. Within the study, eight people working with Risk information have been interviewed and seven different Risk information brochures have been studied. Also, a theoretical analysis and a practical experiment were performed using brochures from two municipalities.

All companies face Risk in their daily business. Internationalised companies tend to experience higher Risk due to for example unfamiliar business environment than companies that act only on the national market. Estonia became independent as late as in 1991 and is therefore a new interesting market for many companies in neighbouring countries like Sweden. Risks that are most apparent for an internationalised company are political Risk, currency Risk, capital and interest rate Risk, business Risk and credit Risk. Our intention of this study was to find out how Swedish companies acting on the Estonian market faced the different Risks when entering the Estonian market and how they value the Risks today.

When constructing a road the Risk of emission of substances from the used materials to the surrounding environment has to be evaluated. The aim of this study is to present a proposal for how to evaluate the Risk of contamination as a result of emission from the materials in a road construction. The study is based on literature studies, an inventory and a questionnaire that examines how experts in governmental agencies, industries and universities evaluate the Risk of contamination. The inventory indicates that guidelines for evaluating the Risk of emission from secondary materials in a road construction do not exist. The conclusions from the questionnaire are: that there is no common way to evaluate the Risk of contamination as a result of emission from materials in the road construction, there is no uniform interpretation of the terms "minor" and "significant" Risk of contamination and that the evaluation is subjective.

The purpose of this Bachelor Thesis is to investigate whether the introduction of IFRS, and in particular IAS 40 regarding fair value accounting of investment property, has lead to increased financial Risk for Swedish real estate companies. Financial Risk is measured using several financial Risk ratios during the period 2000-2009, effectively covering the period before and after the introduction in 2005. The financial Risk is found to actually have decreased significantly in comparison with the control group. The relative decrease supports the notion of a factor unique to the real estate companies at least partially driving the change, possibly IAS 40. However, this change is, due to the statistic method employed, only an indication of the direction of change, and consequently interpretations of the magnitude of change cannot be made.

This paper is a study how students at a high school in Falun, Sweden, estimates theirperformance in an upcoming math test which is then compared with the actual grade thestudent performed. The students who participated also answered questions related to ?Risksituations? to examine whether there is a correlation between how students estimate theirperformance in the context and their Risk behavior, and if the students act like economicmodels assume. In agreement with previous studies, the boys in the survey tended to beoverconfident in their performance. The girls in the study were neither over- norunderconfident in her performance and no significant difference in the estimation of one'sperformance between the sexes could be proven.

The purpose of this Risk analysis is to investigate if the transport of dangerous gods through Halmstad is a threat to the surrounding area. The report shall serve as a component in the making of pre-plans and the planning of exercises..

Looking at the debate on nuclear power in Sweden, the issue of Risk is central to understanding the difficulties in resolving differences between proponents and opponents. I sought to answer the research question: "how is the concept of Risk constructed in the nuclear power debate in Sweden?" Four main aspects of Risk construction were defined and investigated to identify differences between sides in the debate. Through a qualitative study of the debate and its actors I found clear differences in respect to all four aspects of Risk construction. First, the perception of nuclear power as a "normal Risk" is common among nuclear opponents in contrast to a largely probabilistic view among proponents.

A major issue that has been a subject for quite some time is whether there will be a scarcity of metals in the bedrock in the future and whether or not we might end up with a problem similar to that of the big oil crisis in the mid-seventies. Following the oil crisis many oil companies started up with Risk management to control future Risks. This work presents how Swedish mining companies work with Risk management to handle Risks that might come up in the future due to metal scarceness. How Swedish mining companies look at the possible metal scarceness and if they use Risk management in their decision-making process is studied. By doing interviews with Swedish owned mining companies it was found that the mining companies did not see the future metal scarcity as a Risk, even though 2/3 of the companies acknowledged the scarceness to be a reality.

The purpose of this report is to study the Risk of dust explosions at the candy manufacturing plant Leaf Sverige in Gävle, Sweden. The Risk analysis was conducted with a preliminary hazard analysis, PHA and event trees. The analysis focuses only on the Risk posed to employees and material damages at the plant. No third person injuries have been considered. Another purpose of this report is to study Risk awareness and Risk communication concerning dust explosions.

Background: As companies are operating in more globally and complex environments, the need for Risk control is accelerating. In an ever-changing environment, companies cannot merely focus on traditional Risks, which include financial and insurable Risks. To maintain competitiveness, companies need to extend their Risk management to include all Risks, traditional as well as operational and strategic Risks. Purpose: The purpose is to describe and position Risk management for Telecom operators, in comparison with the Risk management literature, with regards to structure, processes, learning process, visions and benefits. In addition, our aim is to link Risk management perspectives with the different strategies for knowledge management.

The purpose of this study is to examine how Risk is perceived by the urban architect's in the region Dalarna, as well as how this is reflected in their everyday work with Risk and decision- making according to urban planning. The ambition is also to show how their Risk awareness could be improved. The study is written in cooperation with Länsstyrelsen Dalarna as a part of their regional long-term goal to improve the region's proactive Risk' and crisis management. The study is based upon 12 semi-structured interviews with local urban architects conducted during the summer and autumn 2007. The result shows that some architects are motivated for working with Risk and think that Risk awareness should be integrated in their everyday work, while others are not motivated and think that Risk is more of a passing trend.