The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the sentences handed down to young offenders can be considered fair. We wanted to take an in-depth look at the penalties to understand how they work. To clarify our purpose, we used the following questions: How does organizing sanctions work in practice? What support services are offered to the young? What can be done to ensure sentences are as favorable as possible for young people? The empirical material is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with six social workers from two different municipalities. We also made use of previous research in the field as a reference tool.

Bakgrund:Den dominerande cancerformen hos män över 75 år är prostatacancer. Kosten har en påverkan på många sjukdomstillstånd och på senare tid har man undersökt misstankarna kring om höga nivåer av IGF-1 kan öka risken för att utveckla prostatacancer. IGF-1 finns naturligt i kroppen men hormonet finns bland annat också i vissa livsmedel så som mejeriprodukter. Syfte:Att granska tillgänglig evidens gällande samband mellan höga nivåer av IGF-1 och prostatacancer, samt att om ett samband går att finna, undersöka om en kostrekommendation kan göras för att sänka nivåerna av detta hormon i kroppen och på så vis minska risken för utveckling av prostatacancer. Metod:Systematisk litteraturstudie.

Bakgrund: Banker har alltid varit utsatta för operativ risk, men det är först på senare tid denna risk börjat uppmärksammas på allvar. Detta beror dels på att den operativa risken har ökat, dels på en rad uppmärksammade händelser där förluster orsakade av exponeringar mot operativ risk fått förödande konsekvenser. Som en följd av detta implementerades Basel II-regelverket år 2007 i Sverige. I och med detta behövde bankerna för första gången sätta av kapital för operativa risker. Syftet med regelverket var att upprätthålla en stabil finansmarknad.

SammanfattningSyfte och frågeställningarSyftet med den här studien är att, genom att lyfta ut en definierad träningsgrupp, spinningtränande, från gymtränande undersöka om skillnader föreligger kring risk- och missbruk av AAS, narkotika och alkohol. Frågeställningarna som ska svara på syftet fokuseras kring hur gruppen spinningtränande förhåller sig till missbruk av AAS och narkotika jämfört med gruppen gymtränande i STAD undersökningen. Alkohol parametern jämförs mellan spinningtränande och befolkningen i övrigt efter en rapport av Källmén m.fl.MetodFör att nå fram till mina resultat har jag valt att arbeta med kvantitativ metod. Studiens avgränsningar består i spinningtränande på gym, ålderskategori arton till sextio år. De tre gym som är med i studien skiljer sig åt geografiskt i Stockholms inner- och ytterstad samt har olika ägandeformer.ResultatResultatet visar att spinningtränande inte skiljer sig från gymtränande med avseende på missbruk av AAS och narkotika.

Asperger´s syndrome is a state with certain difficulties in social relations, communication and perception. People with Asperger´s syndrome often have a special interest for a certain topic. The main purpose of this study was to describe how grown people with Asperger´s syndrome make sense of living with Asperger´s syndrome. The inquiry was based on semi-structured interviews with eight persons with Asperger´s syndrome. We reached those subjects trough interest organisations for people with Asperger´s syndrome.

Problem: The corrugated board industry is highly affected by customer uncertainty, various demands and short delivery times. In combination with a complex multi-step production process managers have to be able to identify bottle-necks and gain knowledge and understanding of how different changes in process will affect the production output. <br/><br/>Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is twofold, (1) to examine applicability of complexity theory through agent-based modelling on a production process (2) to identify improvement areas in order to increase the production output at SKS production site in Eslöv, by modelling and simulating the production process through an agent-based model. <br/><br/>Method: The chosen method of this study is a combination of a case study and a complex system approach. The empirical data was collected through interviews, observation and document studies which were analysed through an agent-based simulation model.

Companies learn through their employees. In this paper I make research into how knowledge transfer and learning occur at Metso Paper Karlstad AB, which is a partly project based organization.The result is that there are many factors that affect the knowledge transfer in a company. Knowledge transfer occurs mainly between individuals within the company, but also between departments and other actors outside the company. In the gaps between these actors, there is a risk that knowledge is not transferred, which is an obstacle to learning. A great deal of the knowledge transfer and the learning is carried out through individual?s own drive and motivation.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån tidigare forskning identifiera de företagsspecifika risker som kan påverka underprissättningen vid en IPO. Därefter testas hypotesen om att underprissättningen vid en IPO på den svenska marknaden är en företagsspecifik riskkompensation. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Det teoretiska huvudperspektivet utgörs av tidigare forskning inom underprissättning hos IPOs och sambandet med risk, samt teorin om informationsasymmetri och signaleringshypotesen. Vad som bedöms som risk i denna studie är: ålder, storlek, skuldsättningsgrad och bransch. Metod: Studien är en kvantitativ undersökning där sambandet mellan underprissättning och de företagssepcifika riskfaktorerna ålder, bransch, storlek samt skuldsättningsgrad kontrolleras i en regressionsmodell.

The accounting scandals that have attracted attention in recent years have led to internal control becoming a more central part of business activity. Doubts about what firms actually do have increased, all caused by the attention of accounting scandals. To counter this, frameworks and laws evolved and gained a significant role in the organization and its surroundings. The aim of the present study is to find out how four companies in the Kristianstad region are working to ensure its internal control and how they work to minimize risk and reduce uncertainty. We have used a qualitative method and interviewed a person in a senior position in each company.

Investment in hedge funds is a relatively new phenomenon for investors compared with other forms of savings. In recent years, the interest has increased among investors in investing their money in hedge funds, given the protection against declines in the market they are aiming for. Their main purpose is to generate a high return at a low risk regardless of market trends. This they can achieve by having fewer restrictions that offer more flexible investment strategies and freer investment opportunities.The purpose of this paper is to identify how the selected hedge fund strategies have performed during the recent economic downturn. We also want to clarify the claim that hedge funds exhibit a positive absolute return regardless of what the market is performing.In order to answer the purpose of the essay and its problems, we have used a quantitative method with a deductive approach in the processing of data.

Introduction: In January 2005, a nationwide mandatory bicycle helmet law for children under the age of 15 was introduced in Sweden. In the current study, the effect of this law was evaluated by analyzing national trends in hospital admissions due to bicycle-related head injuries during the period 1998-2011.Methods: An interrupted time-series design with segmented regression analysis was used to evaluate the intervention effect on head injuries as a percentage of all injuries (%HI) among cyclists in age- and sex-specific groups. Effect was measured as a change in level and/or slope of the trend at the time of legislation.Results: A total of 35261 cyclists (0-54 years) were hospitalized due to a bicycle injury during the study period. Linear regression analyses of the entire study period (not segmented) showed significant year-to-year decreases in the %HI of 1.3-1.7% in all age and sex-specific groups (p < .0001). Results from the segmented regression analysis showed that, at the time of legislation, a significant drop in level occurred among males under 15 years (-4.5% [95% CI: -7.7% to -1.3%], p = .01) and a significant change in slope occurred among females aged 30-54 years (-1.6% [95% CI: -2.9% to -0.2%], p = .025).Conclusions: The law seems to have had an effect on males in the target population (<15 years).

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze homelessness in a medium-sized municipality from an organizational perspective. Some of the central questions in this study are: How is the cause of homelessness explained? How do different actors in the community address, prevent and combat homelessness? Who is responsible for the homelessness?This study is based on four semi-structured interviews with organizations that work with homelessness. The analysis is based on problem definition theory.The result of this study shows that homelessness is a problem in this medium-sized municipality even if it is not a big one and that it is often closely combined with substance abuse. The responsibility for the homeless is on the homeless themselves and the social service because that causes is, according to this study, individual based.  .

Syfte: Den geografiska aspekten hos fondsparare har inte studerats tidigare och det är därför väldigt intressant att göra en studie inom detta område. Studien görs i samarbete med en av Sveriges storbanker. Huvudsyftet med studien är att undersöka om risktagandet hos svenska fondsparande, i en av Sveriges storbanker, skiljer sig åt mellan olika län och kommuner. Jag undersöker även frågor som:·           Vilket av könen tar störst risk? ·           Tar yngre eller äldre störst risk?·           Tar äldre kvinnor större risk än äldre män?·           Beror portföljvärdet på hur stor risk placeraren tar?·           Påverkar andelsvärde av portföljens risktagande?·           Fondsparare som har sin hemvist i en storstad (Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö) tar dessa större risker än män/kvinnor som bor utanför storstäderna?·           Skiljer sig risktagandet mellan åren 2001- 2007? Metod: Den empiriska metoden multipel linjär regression, så kallad Ordinary Least Square används i studien.

This project has been created with the assistance of Fredells. Fredells is a Stockholm based company with a focus on the retail of building products. Fredells also produces prefab- or prefabricated products which are either completely or partially ready for assembly the moment they arrive to the building site. These prefab-products are primarily delivered to customers within the Stockholm region. The building industry is a conservative market where the incentive to changes has been relatively low compared to other industries.

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate if the Swedish elite soccer teams, both males and females, have preventive strategies to reduce the risk of muscular injuries in the posterior thigh.MethodA survey was created and sent by mail to all (n=28) Swedish elite soccer teams in allsvenskan (both males and females) to be answered by the head of physical exercise within each team. A pilot study regarding the survey was performed by two soccer coaches on elite level and was revised afterwards. The survey was conducted between May through July 2013. In total, 18 soccer teams participated in this survey.Results10 soccer teams did not respond to the survey, which resulted in a drop out of 36%. Preventive strategies to reduce the risk of muscular injuries in the posterior thigh existed in 16 of the teams.