Vårt syfte är att ta reda på mer om vad som påverkar fonders avkastning och om detta skiljer sig åt i ekonomisk uppgångs- respektive nedgångsperiod. För att uppfylla vårt syfte har vi använt oss av regressionsanalyser med avkastning som beroendevariabel och variablerna: standardavvikelse, beta, storlek, TKA och omsättningshastighet som förklarande variabler. Vi har använt portföljvalsteori med dess ingående variabler avkastning och risk. Även begrepp som CAPM och beta gås igenom. Detta följs av det aktuella forskningsläget inom ämnet.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the perception of value and risk in CSR as well as analyzing how financial institutions influence responsible behavior in business in order to create sustainable economic growth.Methodology: The study has a qualitative research method used by an abductive process. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with respondents from three venture capital companies and three banks. The sample of respondents was done through a convenience sample with respect to access and expertise in the research area.Conclusion: The most important meanings of the research results have shown that CSR holds an intrinsic value concerning contributing value as its conceptual meaning in terms of sustainable development. CSR can also be regarded as a dimension of risk management to reduce the risk of negative externalities on corporate activities. Investors and financiers contribute to sustainable companies through active ownership and improvements in the CSR dimensions.

Background: 2009 it has occurred a crisis in some of the member states of the European Union: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Ireland and Greece. Despite, some major banks in the world had begun to recover from the financial crisis that occurred from 2007 until 2009, there were still banks who found it difficult to survive. Greece is one of the countries that suffered from the financial crisis. The high budget deficit and the unsustainable debt are underlying the crisis.Banks as financial intermediaries have important function in a nation?s economy.

Studien handlar om stickskador och skador med vassa föremål inom hälso- och sjukvård. Dessa skador är en risk som hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal utsätter sig för i sitt dagliga arbete. Stick- och skärskador är direkt förenade med risk för blodburen smitta såsom HIV, HCV och HBV. Litteraturstudien baserades på befintlig kvantitativ forskning och syftet med studien var att i vetenskaplig litteratur undersöka vilka faktorer som kan påverka sjukvårdspersonals hantering av stickande/skärande föremål. De faktorer som identifierades var; personrelaterade orsaker, materiella orsaker samt organisatoriska orsaker.

Investors? use borrowing as a way to profit from leverage advantages in their portfolios.When investors borrow with their securities as safety for the loan and the value of thesecurities decrease the investor can get a portfolio with more credit than what is covered bythe value of the securities and risk huge losses. To what extent an investor is allowed toborrow with his portfolio as safety depends on the bank or broker and varies between theproviders. By studying available material and in addition to that making an empirical study Iattempt to find out the reason for the varying degrees of leverage possibilities between thebrokers and how the degree of maximum borrowing on the securities are decided. Thefindings show that decision of leverage degree on a security is made after first making aquantitative analysis of the stocks volatility and liquidity and thereafter make a qualitativeanalysis of the company.

Risk assessment is made to determine risks with contaminated areas and to determine which treatment the area requires. In Sweden, risk assessment is divided into three levels: risk analysis, facilitated risk assessment and detailed risk assessment. In detailed risk assessment site-specific guideline values are developed to compare with values of contaminants that are measured in the area.Site-specific guideline values vary with geological and hydrogeological parameters. The purpose of this report is to examine which of these parameters that affect the guideline values. The examination was done using a calculating program for consideration from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency from the year of 1997.

Syftet med vår litteraturstudie är att beskriva hur en livsstilsförändring och livstilsskillnader kan påverka utvecklingen av det metabola syndromet, samt hur sjuksköterskan kan medverka med hjälp och stöd vid livsstilsförändringar. Frågeställningar är: Vad är effekten av en livsstilsförändring vid risk för metabolt syndrom? Hur kan sjuksköterskan medverka till prevention av det metabola syndromet? 10 vetenskapliga artiklar användes i litteraturstudien för att besvara ovanstående frågeställningar. Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visar att en livsstilsförändring har en stor och avgörande betydelse vid risk för utvecklande av metabolt syndrom. Denna studie visar även på att sjuksköterskan, genom att ge individuell rådgivning och stöd i form av kontakt via telefon, Internet samt sedvanliga mottagningsbesök har en betydande roll i preventionsarbetet vid detta tillstånd.

This thesis is an evaluation of the new traffic solution at ?Skvallertorget?. The innovative theory behind it is to increase traffic-safety by introducing insecurity feelings for road-users. The conclusion of the evaluation is that the newtraffic solution is well adjusted according to guidelines for municipal traffic planning. The evaluation also illustrates the conflict between traffic planners deliberate attempt to avoid clear information and the road users wish to get it.

Leverage buyout?s is an opportunity for companies, who can strengthen its market position by expanding its operations, and it add?s value to the company. At every LBO, copmanies make different values of the target company to finally come upp to a final bid. The final bid may in many cases be made of a surplus value, which is the differens between the value of the net-assets and the final bid. This we call goodwill and it has been a target in many discussions.

The aim of this study was to categorize and analyze articles in health magazines, how health messages about health is being described. Using a qualitative content analysis the researcher answered the aim by three research questions: What kind of health messages about health factors do the magazines describe? Do the health magazines talk about risk factors for unhealthy behavior? What kind of commercial messages do the magazines provide? The result from the content analysis showed that health magazines presented social support, self-esteem, acceptance, equality and strategies as health factors. They tried to change readers? perceptions to get a healthy lifestyle.

Titel: Celebrity endorsement a?r va?l ingen sport ? En studie om hur sportmodevaruma?rkenanva?nder celebriteter i varuma?rkesbyggande syfteFo?rfattare: Erik Hagberg & Niklas RadhammarHandledare: Thomas HelgessonNiva?: Kandidatuppsats, Marknadsfo?ring 15 hp, VT 2012Nyckelord: Varuma?rke, varuma?rkeskapital, celebrity endorsement, celebrity endorser, sportmodevaruma?rke, varuma?rkesbyggandeProblemformulering: Hur arbetar sportmodevaruma?rken pa? den svenska marknaden med celebriteter i sina varuma?rkesbyggande processer?Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats a?r att med utga?ngspunkt i den teoretiska referensramen och en abduktiv fallstudie av fem varuma?rken, kartla?gga hur sportmodevaruma?rken arbetar med celebriteter i varuma?rkesbyggande a?ndama?l pa? den svenska marknaden. Vi vill a?ven analysera positiva effekter och risker vid anva?ndning av celebriteter i varuma?rkesstrategier.Metod: En kvalitativ ansats med ett abduktivt angreppssa?tt har anva?nts, da?r beslutsfattare fra?n fem varuma?rken har intervjuats inom uppsatsens a?mne. De fem fo?retagen a?r adidas, Craft, Tenson, Peak Performance samt Unihoc.

Farmers are constantly facing changes, and the exposure to risk requires monitoring these changes. Financial risks, institutional risks, market risks and production risks are the different risk categories that the farmers face. Production risks stems from factors the farmer cannot affect or is beyond his control. The crop?s output is the basis for the primary income of agricultural operations, which is why it is important for farmer to manage their production risk. A tool to reduce the consequences of production risks is crop insurance.

Background and problem: Higher and other demands are made on management control systems in organizations which have a superior non-financial objective. Systembolaget, a state-owned company with monopoly to sell alcoholic beverages in Sweden, combines two main objectives which can be considered as conflicting, one financial target and one superior non-financial public welfare target. The research questions are focused on the translation of information through the organization?s levels and if the management control system makes it possible to run the organization according to both of the two main conflicting objectives.Purpose and Delimitations: To describe, analyze and evaluate how management control can be used in an organization, which is not profit maximizing and has both non-financial and financial objectives. The essay does not try to describe or draw generalized conclusions regarding general perspectives on Systembolaget?s assignment and objectives.Method: A qualitative and evaluative case study based on interviews with five employees at different levels in Systembolaget has been carried through.

The competitiveness and profitability of swedish farm enterprises is frequently discussed in agricultural media. Increased exposure to the surrounding world with greater competitive pressure and considerable price fluctuations in the agricultural markets demand new ways of acting to secure the agricultural sector?s long-term survival and profitability. Structural change and/or diversification leads to increased numbers of stake-holders around the farm enterprise and thereby also the expectations of the farmers ability to lead and coordinate resources. Lean is the name of a management model developed by Toyota, influenced by the lack of resources in Japan during the post WWII period.

The number of LBOs in Sweden has increased during the last years and the current market trend is positive. MostLBOs involves private companies, but a few concerns public corporations on the national share market. In this thesis we will examine the conditions of a LBO of Cloetta Fazer AB. The purpose is to study existing conditions of Cloetta Fazer AB and to examine pros and cons with the deal. Based upon information presented in the frame of reference and in the empirical part, two cash flow valuations have been carried out.