Infection with intestinal parasites can in many cases be the reason for decreased performance or production. The gastro-intestinal nematode, Ostertagia ostertagi, and the lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, are the most pathogenic nematodes of cattle and severe infection can lead to death. They have both a direct lifecycle and on the pasture the parasites spread as freeliving worms. The parasites are mainly a problem for the first season grazers. They have not developed immunity against the parasites and are therefor more sensitive to parasite infections.

The aim of this study has been to take part of six ex-alcohol addicts? narratives about their lives with starting-point in which factors that has been significant and/or determining to be able to leave a life in abuse and what change this process has implied for their identity. To achieve the purpose with this study has three questions been formulated. These are what in the person?s life have been important in the process of a life free from alcohol, what were specific and decisive that effected the decision to stop using alcohol and what is the attitude to them self and their new role as an ex-alcohol addict. Alcohol is a drug that is legal and accepted in the society and it´s hard to discover an addiction.

A storm in January 2005 felled 75 millions cubic metres of forest in South Sweden. Previous studies of wind damage in thinned stands indicated the importance of early thinnings. The risks of wind throw increased by increasing age and height of the stands. Previous studies also indicated increasing risk of wind throw along the strip roads. The aim of the present study was to investigate wind damage in Norway spruce stands in South Sweden in relation to time of the first thinning and different pattern of strip roads (width, length and direction).

This Master's thesis aims at pinpointing the political arguments that appear in the recent debate on scientific publication. There is a widely spread opinion that prices on digital resources are far too high, thus taking up a major part of the University libraries budget, while publishing companies make high profits. It is also a common opinion that the current publishing method does not take full advantage of the possibilities of electronic publishing. Lately a number of alternative ways of publishing have been initiated and discussed, generally referred to as open access. Open access published material is available free of charge and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions on the public internet.In this thesis the minutes from four hearings held by the UK House of Commons in the spring of 2004 are examined.

Involuntary childlessness is a big problem around the world. One way to solve the problem is to receive oocytes or semen from a donor. In Sweden, semen donation has been regulated by law since 1985 and oocyte donation since 2003. The aim of this study was to investigate what motivations women and men in Sweden have to donate gametes, if they feel any ambivalence to donate, and to compare if there is any difference in motivation and ambivalence between women and men. Motivation was measured with eight statements based on previous results and clinical experience.

During the last decade a new technique in animal breeding has developed called genomic selection. It is based on estimations of the effect from genetic markers on traits that are calculated in a reference population. By genotyping individuals, genomic breeding values can then be estimated without phenotypic observations. The aim of this essay is to investigate the response of genomic selection on breeding schemes for dairy cattle. The accuracy of the genomic breeding values is affected by the proportion of observations included in the validation set and how often the equation for estimating breeding values is reevaluated.

Traffic accidents where wild animals are involved represents between 60 and 80 percent of all reported accidents, depending on location in Sweden. In a country like Sweden, with a lot of forest, there is always risk of a collision with a wild animal. Imagine if you, as a road user, had the possibility to receive warnings when the risk of an accident according to statistics is extra high.Wildlife Detection Network is a wildlife warning system with an information service, which makes the whole concept unique. When an animal is approaching the road, it is registered by sensors, and warning lights along the road are lit to inform drivers of the potential danger. In conclusion, this is a direct warning to all drivers on the road where the system is placed.When an animal is registered by the sensors, information containing time, date, weather circumstances and coordinates are sent to a database.

I media debatteras flitigt olika aspekter på hur riskkapitalbolag agerar vid investeringar. Bland annat att riskkapitalbolagen kräver hög avkastning vilket de försvarar med att de tar så oerhört stora risker när de går in i nya bolag.I uppsatsen har två investment managers på två olika venture capitalbolag på den svenska marknaden intervjuats. I vår undersökning har vi sökt svar på frågor kring risk, riskhantering och involvering. Vi har angripit vår problemformulering utifrån ett teoretiskt och ett empiriskt perspektiv. Vi har kommit fram till att venture capitalbolag tar en stor risk vid investeringstillfället och enda sättet att minimera denna risk är att involvera sig i portföljbolaget.

Under senare år har en debatt frambringats i anknytning till revisorns oberoende i förhållande till ekonomiska skandaler. Med hänsyn till tidigare ekonomiska skandaler har en mer riskbaserad ansats inom revision utvecklats. Idag skall revisorerna förutom att granska företagets finansiella rapporter även arbeta för att eliminera eventuella risker för väsentliga fel i redovisningen. Fokus skall ligga på att koncentrera revisionen till högrisk områden istället för områden där risken för väsentliga fel är låg. Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur revisorn går tillväga vid bedömningen av väsentlighet och risk i revisionsprocessen.

Over the past few years the Swedish forestry industry has become increasing interested in direct seeding. Although, in practice, this interest has been restricted to pine seed, the knowledge and techniques that have been developed for pine seeding can readily be transferred to spruce. Direct seeding is a method that is of interest to the forestry industry since it can lead to lower regeneration costs, denser stands and better root development than the more conventional planting method. This study evaluated experiments that focused on direct seeding of spruce in the northern Sweden. Skogforsk set-up the experiments in Gideå and Sävar in 2003.

Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om huruvida en totalt skattefinansierad kollektivtrafik med nolltariff kan anses vara rättvis och effektiv. Organisationen Planka.nu:s argument för nolltariff i kollektivtrafiken analyseras med utgångspunkt i free ridning-problemet och individens betalningsvilja. Den skattefinansierade nolltariffen jämförs med marginalkostnadsprissättning och tvådelad tariff, som är två teorier om optimal prissättning av kollektiva varor. Kollektivtrafik beskrivs som en klubbvara med vissa positiva externa effekter samtidigt som varans substitut väntas generera negativa externa effekter. I uppsatsen antas den samhällsoptimala mängden kollektivtrafik vara högre än summan av alla individers individuella efterfråga p.g.a.

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka elevers upplevelser av tre grupprocesser samt vilken påverkan eleverna upplever att grupprocesserna har på elevernas kunskapsutveckling. De studerade grupprocesserna är groupthink, rollagande och free-riding. Vi har valt att utföra studien genom kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra stycken gymnasieelever för att ta reda på deras upplevelser av grupparbete och grupprocesser. Resultatet av intervjuerna presenteras i kapitel 4. Analys i form av citat där vi även har reflekterat över det som sagts.

The thesis main objective is to establish the determinants for granting executive stock options and to examine their impact on performance for firms listed on OMXS30. The analysis is based on accounting data gathered from annual reports and Thomson Datastream. The empirical results display that firms grant stock options to mitigate the principal-agent problem. Furthermore, risk proves to be positively significant with executive stock options, implying that either executives increase the level of risk after being granted stock options or influence the decision of the remuneration towards stock options when the firm increase the level of risk, in purpose to boost the expected value of their options. No relation between executive stock options and firm performance could be established..

Forskningen om säkerhetskulturen i organisationer domineras av kvantitativa enkätstudier med fokus på hur en god säkerhetskultur skapas. Sällan studeras vilken roll säkerhetskulturen har, vare sig den är god eller dålig, i händelseförloppet mot en fullgången katastrof. Uppsatsens syfte är tredelad. För det första, kritisera hur man traditionellt konceptualiserar begreppet säkerhetskultur, för det andra, utveckla en alternativ modell för att med hjälp av haveriutredningar öka förståelsen för säkerhetskulturens roll i samband med katastrofer, för det tredje, pröva modellen empiriskt på tre fartygskatastrofer: Express Samina, Herald of Free Enterprise och Estonia. Säkerhetskulturen betraktas som diversifierad bestående av ett antal parallella kulturer, i uppsatsen benämnda som subkulturer respektive delkulturer.

Drinking water is produced from raw water and is either from groundwater or surface water. This thesis aims to find out if the cleaning process of raw water is sufficiently effective. This is important because consumers are otherwise at risk of waterborne infection caused by pathogens. There are three groups of pathogens; bacteria, virus and parasite. These have different characteristics which mean that they require different water treatment to be separated.