The number of smartphones are constantly increasing, 2010 approximately 200 million unitswere sold globally and the figure is predicted to increase to 1 billion in 2016. The increased useof smartphones also carries many risks, for example many smartphones are connected to theInternet. This is a possible way for hackers to gain access to user devices. Smartphones are wellrepresented in research on its safety, while research on its use and users? awareness often leavesmore to be desired.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka kunden och vilka faktorer som är viktiga när den handlar kläder på Internet. Företag och övriga intresserade kan med hjälp av denna studie få en ökad förståelse av kunden och vilka faktorer som är viktiga vid handel av kläder på Internet. Vi har valt att göra en kvantitativ undersökning, där slumpmässigt valda respondenter fått fylla i en enkät. Vi har främst tittat på teorier kring faktorer som påverkar kunden vid köp på Internet. Empirin består av en sammanställning av 100 besvarade enkäter.

The Multispectral Canopy Reflectance Model (MCRM) by Kuusk (1995) has beenused to simulate the reflectance of a sugarbeet canopy. The simulated reflectancevalues show high absorptance in the VIS area, compared to field measurements, andhigh reflectance values in the NIR area. The errors may be due to overestimation ofclorophyll content in the sugarbeet leaves and scattered light during fieldmeasurements. The estimation of the clorophyll content where carried out using thePROSPECT-model by Jacquemoud & Baret (1990).During the vegetation period, the state of the canopy moves towards a closed canopy,with sparse vegetation in spring. The MCRM-model was used to perform a ?spring?simulation, which was compared to the original simulation.

This master thesis was written for Arla Foods and the result of the thesisserves to gain Arla Foods in its work with chemical hazardous and to bringnew academic results. The thesis aims to create a common methodology forrisk analysis with the handling of chemicals.The theories displayed in this thesis focuses on different risk managementmethods in order to build up a framework out of which a risk management toolwas created. The main primary data source consists of interviews held withemployees within Arla Foods at different facilities.The risk management tool can be found in appendix K.Available recommendations for how to evaluate risks with chemicals can befound at appropriate government agencies. These recommendations aredrawn up to suite small and medium enterprises and therefore are to narrowto make a good foundation for analysing chemical risks at large companies.With the legislation and government demands in mind, a tool has beencreated to fit a large company?s needs when managing chemical risks.

This thesis aims to examine the nature of the medial compartment regarding the reporting of problems in conjunction with suburbs. Previous research on discrimination in the media shows that people living in the suburbs considers suburbs being portrayed negatively in the media. They perceive that this has a negative effect on integration which in turn increases the risk of stigmatization. This study strives to contribute to the clarification of whether medias means of reporting around this area can help in the development of problems in suburbs by examining whether there is a reflection of actual political focus in the media or if media only plays a stigmatizing role. The research method used has been quantitative content analysis, making an overview of how much space is given to the different types of reporting. The thesis concludes that the reporting examined in this study did not appear to be of a structurally discriminatory nature, even if that type of reporting occurred.

The knowledge that citizens have of their own municipality is very useful for the local politicians and planners in the event of such a major reconstruction in the neighborhood. It is the residents in the area that are most affected, and their view on the reconstruction is valuable if the end result will be as good as possible. Since the municipality builds for the citizens, and wants them to enjoy the outcome of the reconstruction as much as possible, it is essential that the municipality get a chance to inspect the citizen?s views and experiences about it in an early stage. If the citizens don?t want to get involved, or if only a few people involve themselves, it will be difficult for the municipality to find a solution satisfactory to all.

Malmö Kommunala Bostadsbolag Fastighets AB owns and administrates Örtagården housing estate in Rosengård which is a characteristic million programme housing area. Örtagården is densely populated which naturally creates an environment that is exposed to wear and tear. The area is today undergoing a change where new proposals and strategies are to be designed for further development of the inner yards. MKB also wishes to develop the park area which is centrally situated in Örtagården. The purpose of this study was to make an analysis of the development of Örtagårdsparken from when it was planned and constructed up until the state it is in today.

BACKGROUND: A Pressure ulcer means much suffering for many people. It also leads to big economical costs for the society. Therefore it?s of great importance to prevent pressure ulcers. If pressure ulcers are to be prevented nurses need to have sufficient knowledge about preventive strategies.

The forest industry is one of the most important industry branches in Sweden. Since the demand of high precision wood deliveries has increased, the demand on a well constructed forest road net also has increased. A good road net gives the wood-supplier competition advantages and also increases its service level towards its customers, lumber-mills and pulp-mills. In some parts of Norrbotten, the road net is still insufficient and not yet built out enough, and that is why it is important to know how to act and where to improve the road net in these areas. The purpose of this thesis was to create a work-model for long term road planning in areas with no road net or a not yet complete road net. The model has been created in an ArcGis environment, where a long chain of tools has been tied together with the program ?Model builder?.

Climate on earth is getting warmer, which effects earth?s energy balance and so forth the ocean and atmospheric circulation.  In many sub-polar regions on the northern hemisphere changes due to warming of the climate can be observed. Some examples that already have been observed are shifts in tree line, towards higher altitudes and latitudes, increased ablation of Swedish glaciers and melting of the permafrost on the Siberian tundra. In Sweden climate change scenarios tell us that it will become warmer and that a higher amount of precipitation in form of rain will be an effect from this. To study climate changes in Sweden, transition zones are useful in order to observe changes in distribution of species and animal populations.

I have worked with Bergum in different courses on the IntegratedConservation of Built Environments program and I thought it was a veryinteresting subject. This is the main reason why I chosen to write mybachelor paper about Bergum.In 1650s Bergum was situated on the border between Sweden and Norway,because of that it occurred some war conflicts.Today Bergum is a socioeconomic border and is situated in an areabetween the city?s concrete suburb and the countryside.The difference between the city?s concrete suburb and the countryside mayfeel like two different worlds, were the social contact is fractional.With this paper, I will indicate a countryside area on the boundary to the citythrough time and try to survey the building history. I will also try todemonstrate the socioeconomic differences between the areas.I will demonstrate Bergum history from prehistory to present time, were I willdiscuss the agriculture history, Vättlefjäll?s forest history and also thedeforestation and replanting.

Saproxylic lichens in managed forests have less substrate available than in unmanaged forests due to the shortage of dead wood. However, a suitable substrate for these lichens could be dead branches on living trees. To this date, there has not been any systematically collected data about theabundance of dead branches on living trees and the lichens growing on these branches in managed forests. The aim of this study was to see where dead branches were located on living trees of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies, how large the surface area of these branches was and what lichens grewof wood on these branches. The study was made in Finspång, Sweden, where 11 forest stands of P.sylvestris and P.

Problem: Riskforskare betonar att det är viktigt att kommunicera, däremot läggs det mindre vikt på hur det ska kommuniceras. Vi menar att det finns branscher som enligt oss är såväl outforskad som riskutsatt, där vi anser det finns en problematik kring hur riskerna ska kommuniceras. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur risk kommuniceras i en riskutsatt bransch samt undersöka i vilken grad riskaspekten värdesätts i kommunikationen mellan organisation och gäst. Detta för att bidra med en nyansering av begreppet riskkommunikation. Frågeställningar: Vilka risker innefattar ett nattklubbsbesök? Hur ser den teoretiska bakgrunden ut till gästernas riskinställning?Hur kommuniceras risk och varför kommuniceras det på detta sätt? Metod: Vårt empiriska material utgörs av fyra intervjuer och två observationer, vilka har använts för att besvara våra frågeställningar med stöd av teori.

Bakgrund: Strukturerade produkter har kommit att bli ett av Sveriges populärasteplaceringsalternativ och enligt Euroclear är den utestående emitterade volymen cirka160 miljarder kronor. Utan att använda sig av komplexa modeller är det mycket svårt attbilda sig en uppfattning om hur många av dessa produkter kommer att prestera underolika marknadsförhållanden.Relevans: Studien utgör ett underlag för potentiella investerare i struktureradeprodukter. Den erbjuder även ett informationsbidrag till de företag som arbetar medfinansiell rådgivning. Vår uppdragsgivare, Finansinspektionen, har även de ett intresseav studien då de anser att det är svårt för en konsument att bedöma en struktureradprodukts villkor och egenskaper samt bedöma sannolikheten för ett visst utfall.Syfte: Syftet är att utvärdera strukturerade produkters egenskaper ur ett risk- ochavkastningsperspektiv och utifrån det erbjuda potentiella investerare ett underlag införinvesteringsbeslutet.Genomförande: Studien bygger i huvudsak på att ett urval av aktuella struktureradeprodukter simulerats mot historiska data för att ge en bild av dess avkastningspotentialoch risk. Vi har även genomfört en dokumentstudie på relevanta finansiella teorier ochkompletterat med empiriska undersökningar.Slutsats: Genomförda simuleringar ger en informativ bild av sannolikheten för olikaavkastningar i strukturerade produkter.

Scania?s discount rate - the return requirement of investments - refers to Scania?s WACC or weighted average cost of capital. The capital markets return requirement on equity and the credit market interest cost of borrowing is weighted to become the single discount rate, the WACC. The purpose of this study is to investigate which asset pricing model of APT and CAPM Scania should use in their WACC calculations. The company now uses a group WACC of 11 percent which is used in all company levels.