Risk är en del av all mänsklig aktivitet. Att förutsäga det okända och det som kanske inträffar harvarit ett problem som mänskligheten funderat kring från antiken och framåt. Att finna en förklaringsmodelleller en metod för att med en sannolikhet gränsande till visshet kunna skaffa sig insikti morgondagen har varit och är alltjämt en stor utmaning. Det här arbetet syftar till att skapa klarheti begreppet risk och sätta det i relation till hur Försvarsmakten hanterar bedömningen av riskidag. Uppsatsen täcker den idéhistoriska utvecklingen av begreppet från de klassiska filosofernatill modern tid.

Munksjökajen is an old industrial estate on the western shore of Munksjön in Jönköping. The purpose of this thesis is to develop Munksjökajen in accordance with the program for Jönköping?s future development ? Stadsbyggnadsvisionen ? drawn up by the city council.Munksjökajens relations to the surrounding areas have been investigated as well as the need for public transport and possibilities for commercial, municipal and private businesses to operate in the area.The final proposal has a relatively high degree of preserved industrial buildings. New buildings vary in shape and expression in order to create an interesting and diverse environment. The proximity to the lake adds character to the neighbourhood and the water is accentuated by the integration of it in the area..

This thesis deals with two types of agrarian remains in relation to settlement remains; clearance cairns, low stone walls and house terraces in the area of Northeastern Uppland and the area north of Lake Mälaren, during the middle Iron Age. The aim whit this thesis is trying to get a better understanding of the relation between agrarian and settlement remains in Uppland. Three places have been chosen where these three elements are present and they are interpreted through Richard Whites concept of middle ground but also Landesque capital. The three elements have shown to be expressed in different ways in all three sites. It is possible to see two areas with different traditions, but also to see two areas that closely interact with each other, this opens up for a new discussion around agrarian remains in both areas.

Problem: Den ekonomiska kris som präglat världsmarknaden under 2007 till 2010 har drabbat börser världen över till olika grad. Denna uppsats studerar hur krisen drabbat den svenska fondmarknaden och tillväxtmarknadsfonder ur perspektivet risk och avkastning. Detta är i denna studie belyst utifrån en svensk småsparares perspektiv.Problemlösning: Utifrån portföljteorin i form av Sharpekvoten och Modigliani-Modiglianis modell för riskjusterad avkastning har avkastning, till för de båda kategorierna gemensam risknivå, fastställts. Den placering med högst avkastning till likställd risk används som en indikator för val av placering.Slutsats: Skillnaden i avkastning givet gemensam risk är marginell under perioden och anses inte vara tillräckligt hög för att användas som indikator, gällande placeringsalternativen emellan, för en svensk småsparare..

This study explores whether environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues affect the monetary value of a company.The samples used in this study have been taken from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in South Africa. Since 2010, JSE have been categorizing companies using the King Code III criteria to establish a Socially Responsible Investment index (SRI index). Companies that fulfill the required number of criteria are classified as 'best performers' using the SRI index.  In this study the monetary value of a random sample of 'best performers' has been compared to the monetary value of a random sample of companies without an SRI index evaluation.This study found that companies without a SRI index have a higher unique risk, which means a lower stock price with a higher dividend yield. Companies with an SRI index evaluation have a lower unique risk, which means a higher stock price and lower dividend yield. In conclusion, this study shows that SRI adjusted companies have an enhanced monetary value in comparison to non- SRI adjusted companies..

Syftet med studien är att undersöka lantbrukarnas beslutfattande i relation till risk. Mer specifikt undersöks och identifierar studien vad som är grundkällorna/domänerna till risken. Inom varje källa/domän identifieras lantbrukarnas attityd och hantering av risk utifrån lantbrukarnas perspektiv. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex lantbrukare i Hallands län, där lantbrukarna själva får berätta utifrån sina egna perspektiv var de upplever att risken finns på gården och hur de hanterar risken. Även sex påståenden ställs i ett format som kallas ?Likert statement scale? under intervjun beträffande lantbrukarnas risktagande för att fånga upp en generell riskattityd bild. Lantbrukarna upplever risk inom ett flertal domäner som i produktion, pris/marknad, finansiell, person och humankopplad och institutionella områden.

In Northen Bungoma, Western province ? Kenya, the Vi-Agroforestry Project (VI-AFP) has introduced a new project that covers 7000 households. To succeed with the project, a water resources protection project, agroforestry methods will be implemented to secure the water quality of the area. In this thesis a foundation is laid for future follow-up studies of land cover and land use of this area. To carry out this study an existing method from a cooperation between VIAFP and Dalarnas University (HDa) has been implemented.

Eskilstuna municipality is working to be a municipality that the people who are living in it are proud of. In a way to do that two students have examined what changes are good or bad when there outdoor environment are rebuilding and changing By doing interviews with the people who are living next to two streets that already have been going through big changes and during those interviews the inhabitants have hade opportunity to explain what they are seeing as good or band changes in the surroundings. The results from these interviews have been compared to interviews with a politician`s vision for the area and white-collar workers that are working for the Eskilstuna municipality. If you want to shorten this report to a couple of sentence it would be:By planting trees and busses and letting the politicians that have a vision be part of the planning process the people that are living in that area is going to be satisfied..

?Capital Asset Pricing Model? (CAPM) beaktar den centrala marknadsrisken för att förklarasambandet mellan risk och avkastning hos tillgångar. Avkastningskravet betingas enligtmodellen en marknadsriskpremie vid investering i aktier eller andra tillgångar som erhåller risk. Senare studier (Banz 1981, Davis, Fama & French 2000) visar å andra sidan att aktiertill hörandes företag av olika storlek och värde utsätts för en annan typ av risk. Dessa forskare föreslår således att en värde- och storlekspremie bör inkluderas i en ny modell.

Large areas of forests in the tropical region have during the last decades been lost and converted to new land uses while other areas have been degraded into secondary forests. These secondary forests need to be restored and rehabilitation through enrichment planting and liberation may help to speed up the recovery process. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate a rehabilitation method that includes enrichment planting, slashing of weeds and girdling of unwanted trees. The site for the project is situated in Sabah, Borneo in a secondary forest which had been logged and burnt by a wildfire. The project?s goal is to rehabilitate and increase biodiversity through enrichment planting of seedlings mainly belonging to the family Dipterocarpeaceae (dipterocarps).

This study revolves around the NATO-led Operation Unified Protector in Libya 2011. The military campaign was executed under a UN mandate to protect the Libyan civilian population. Despite the mandate civilians died because of NATO bombings. The purpose of this study is to identify inadequate measures in avoiding civilian casualties during the operation and to continue to work towards minimizing civilian casualties caused by military organizations in international interventions.Early in the operation, NATO?s objective altered from protecting the civilians to over­throwing the Libyan regime. At the same time NATO changed its military targeting.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Does coffee consumption affect the risk of stroke?Author: Jenny KällSupervisor: Heléne Bertéus ForslundExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 22, 2012___________________________________________________________________________Background: The widespread consumption of coffee worldwide makes this drink interesting to study from a public health perspective. Even minor health effects may be important for the whole population. Stroke patients require the largest number of days spent in hospitals and nursing homes than any other medical condition group. Risk factors for stroke include smoking, high alcohol intake, physical inactivity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high waist-hip ratio and diabetes.

Bakground: Puerperal fever caused by group A Streptococcus is in a global context seen as a common cause of death in childbirth.Aim: To examine the consequences of group A streptococcus infections in women postpartum and to see what a nurse can do to stop the infection with adequate nursing interventions.Method: This is a review built on 15 articles. These articles were read in full and audited with a suitable template.Result: Women postpartum has 20 times higher risk to get group A stretococcus infection as compared to non pregnant. The consequences of Group A Streptococcus infection can lead to high fever, abscesses around the uterus, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hysterectomy and death. Patients who share room with infected patients carries an increased risk to be infected. Curtains between patient beds can be colonized by Group A Streptococcus.

The aim of this thesis is to use the bibliometric method author cocitation analysis (ACA) and investigate the cognitive structure in a research field, which is called the intellectual base. The research field in this investigation is social psychology. The main question is: what is the nature of the cognitive structure, which contains of the intellectual base. This question is divided in two sub questions: ? Which are the most prominent authors in the research field? ? Which sub areas, based on groups of the most cocited authors in the research field, can be identified?An investigation with ACA is used to describe the general experience of consensus of later authors in a research field.

Barns övervikt och fetma är ett allvarligt och stort folkhälsoproblem i vårt samhälle idag. Om övervikt etableras under barndomen är risken stor att fetma utvecklas senare i livet, vilket kan medföra risk för följdsjukdomar och psykiskt lidande. Det är viktigt att i tidigt skede upptäcka barn och dess familjer med risk för övervikt och där har BVC-sjuksköterskan en central roll.Enligt tidigare studier har det framkommit att BVC-sjuksköterskor upplever det svårt och känsligt att prata om kost och kostvanor och risk för övervikt med föräldrar. Många har upplevt negativa reaktioner i dialogen med familjerna, vilket medfört att det hälsofrämjande arbetet inte fortskridit och med relevanta åtgärder mot barns risk för övervikt inte har satts in. Därför är det av intresse att undersöka om BVC- sjuksköterskans uppfattningar om ett arbetsredskap i form av ett frågeformulär riktat till föräldrar skulle förbättra det hälsofrämjande arbetet mot barns risk för övervikt.Studiens design var kvantitativ och data samlades in med hjälp av en enkät som bestod av 18 frågor i tre teman samt tre öppna frågor.