In this thesis, the flows of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in Scania were investigated and quantified. The thesis was also intended to form a basis for comparison between the urban nitrogen flow and other flows of nitrogen within Scania. The management of nitrogen in society has disturbed the natural nitrogen cycle. This is linked to a series of environmental problems such as eutrophication, acidification, global warming and smog. The method used was Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) for Nr. For calculation and flow charts Scania was divided into three subsystems; air, water and society.

Since the Chinese economy?s reform in 1980, it has been attracting enormous foreign investments. Many Swedish firms from different sectors such as technology, manufactory production, consumer, service industries and so on, had started their investments in China. China has become the first choice for global manufacturing due to the huge market, continuous economic growth, stable political situation, sound investment environment and the WTO membership. In addition, China's enormous potential in finance, service, infrastructure, telecommunications, wholesales and retail industries will also attract a great deal of foreign capital.

The knowledge of early employment experiences has evolved over the last decade in countries such as Australia and Great Britain. In Sweden, this type of research is still unusual and the aim of this study was to break new ground by highlighting some areas that could be of extra interest in the Swedish early employment research to come. A focus in the study was to give an overview of what job sectors school students work in; and the amount of jobs aquired through school-organized work placement, private social networks or personal marketing of own merits. In addition to this, a multi variate analysis was carried out to find patterns in the picture of early employment experiences among students at upper secondary school. The findings of the study has relevance for ways of conducting career counselling and therefore the general aim of this study is to point out the importance of developing the practises of vocational psychology.A survey among 74 teenaged school students with economics as their main subject has been carried out in a mid-size Swedish city May 2012.

Bakgrund: Idag satsar distributörerna i detaljhandeln på differentiering genom att lansera egna märkesvaror till flera olika segment och till högre priser. Detta brukar kallas den fjärde generationens EMV och det är ett relativt nytt koncept i Sverige i jämförelse med andra länder. Detaljhandelskedjan Axfood är en aktör som har inlett en utökning genom lanseringen av Garant som vi anser vara en EMV av fjärde generationen.Problem: Leverantörernas varumärken har under lång tid ansetts vara ?riktiga? märken medan distributörernas egna märkesvaror endast är för priskänsliga konsumenter. Tidigare studier visar att konsumenter är villiga att betala ett högre pris för LMV pga.

During the last decade several cooperatives have struggled against many problems. Especiallyin North America several cooperatives have been forced to reconstruct, merge or have beenpurchased by other firms. There are many reasons behind these problems, but one observationmade on these cooperatives implies that they have one thing in common. The cooperatives areall very large and have a complex business structure.Lantmännen is one of the largest cooperatives in the Nordic Countries with its main office inSweden. In Nilsson et al.

Context: Congruent ambient scents are not used extensively in marketing and there is only some research in this area within the Swedish retail. Moreover, there are not many studies that show how ambient scents influence customer behavior in a Swedish clothing store.Purpose: Examine and analyze which of the ambient scent vanilla and white orchid that suite and can provide a signature fragrance to the clothing store Kompaniet in Kalmar. The purpose of this study is therefore to compare how these scents affect the customers? behavior in the servicescape.Method: A deductive research strategy with an experimental design. The experiment was performed in Kompaniet in Kalmar.Theory: Our theoretical framework consists of sensory marketing, male and female shopping behavior, the sense of smell and ambient scent in the servicescape atmospherics.Results: Here we present a presentation of Kompaniets servicescape.

The purpose to this study is to find an understanding of the effects of how sponsorship can affect companies and their business and at the same time get a better understanding of how sponsorship is or can be used as a marketing tool in today?s marketing. By using a quality research method we have chosen to use a half structured research method to make it possible to find out how sponsorship as a marketing tool can be used from a company perspective in relation to our chosen thesis. To enhance the readers understanding we describe the base of sponsorship and principals for sponsorship, after that describes a deeper perspective of sponsorship, what sponsorship is, and what factors are needed to be taken into consideration. Further on we illustrate the figure that later on will constitute the analysis with attributes like: association, exposure, relations and integrated communication.

The castration of piglets is performed routinely all around the world. Most castrations are done without anaesthesia and analgesia, despite the fact that this procedure has been proved to induce acute pain and stress for the piglets. The procedure regarding castration of piglets is currently a hot topic of debate and an important political issue. The underlying issue is the boar taint which are highlighted in the heating of the meat after slaughter, which in turn can lead to reduced meat sales as it can be perceived as unpleasant for many consumers. The purpose of this study is to examine alternative drugs which may be selected in order to replace the practice of castration of piglets without anaesthesia, in light of improved animal welfare.

Detaljhandeln och dess konsumenter har sedan andra världskriget genomgått en stor förändring. Hos kunden skildras denna förändring i ett mer oberäkneligt konsumtionsmönster, samtidigt som detaljhandeln då tvingas utvecklas för att möjliggöra uppfyllandet av kundens nya behov. Forskning har visat att kundens köpbeteende allt mer styrs av värdeupplevelsen och att om en detaljist kan leverera kundvärde kan denne bli framgångsrik. Det är problematiskt att förstå vad en kund upplever som värdeskapande i köpprocessen, vilket vår uppdragsgivare önskar få hjälp med att åskådliggöra.Syfte: Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att ta fram en modell som utifrån värdeskapande variabler skall hjälpa uppdragsgivaren att förstå de faktorer som leder till att kunden upplever värde under köpprocessen och vilka effekter dessa ger för detaljhandelns förändringsarbete.Metod: Uppsatsen består av en litteraturstudie som inkluderar en systematisk litteraturöversikt och en analys av kvalitativ karaktär. Metodvalet resulterar i byggandet av en modell, vilken ämnar besvara uppsatsens syfte.Resultat: Den genomförda studien har visat att det finns fyra viktiga förutsättningar som ligger till grund för den utveckling som detaljhandeln har genomgått.

Interactive media is constantly increasing in our surroundings and with the innovation of touch-screens, two-way communication with screens has become part of our daily life. Still, this well known way of process information is not often seen in the in-store environment of grocery retailing. Here, interactive media is an unestablished field where empirical studies are invisible within the academic world. The lack of knowledge in which effect interactive digital signage has is one of the barriers of investing in this marketing solution in-store. The main purpose of this study is to examine and describe the effects of interactive digital signage at shelf within grocery retailing.

The negative trend of newspapers reading gives the owner of several paper manufacturingcompanies in the West worries. Producers should be more concern to strengthen their marketpositions in order to maintain profitability in the paper mills. Holmen Paper is a medium sizedpaper mill company with all of their production in Europe. Sales are mainly made to printingcompanies operating in European countries. In order to strengthen their economic strengthHolmen Paper needs to increase the market share in markets where they have the greatestprofit margins.

Corporate Social ResponsibilityThis thesis intends to exam the strategic use of Corporate Social Responsibility within fifthteen different companies, classified/divided into three various industries. The aim is to compare the three different industries, to look for disparities and similarities in their use of CSR. The disseration looks into both variance and resemblance in the use of Corporate Social Responsibility between the companies within the same branch of trade and between the industries.The industries of intrestThe three industries that the study has focus on is consumer, manufacturing and service related industries. Where the consumer industry is classified as companies with direct sales towards private consumers, the physical citizen. The manufacturing industry is classified as companies that manufacture products but that does´nt sell their products directly to the regular consumer.

At the end of 2008, Arla concluded agreements with several supermarkets in southern Sweden. The agreement with the supermarkets excluded Ska?nemejerier from the stores. This meant that Ska?nemejerier lost approximately 7% of sales volume.

AbstractCompanies in the Swedish process industry has for a long time spent a lot of capital in high-tech development, which have given them increased ability to compete with high quality and excellent technical knowledge, which has given them greater opportunities to grow on the market. But it?s not enough to achieve success with new products and service; it must also be consistent what market wants and preferably something exceptional. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that are predominantly success factors and how they may affect the sales target of a new product, in this case Frövi White. Another objective of the study was to examine how Korsnäs Frövi communicates and transforms information as requests and demands from customers into refined material. To obtain relevant information to the study several interviews with respondents from most of the value chain in Korsnäs Frövi has been carry out.

Title: The way to successLevel: Final assignment for a Master?s Degree in Business AdministrationAuthors: Larisa Glazkova and Veronika LarssonSupervisor: Jonas KågströmDate: 2011 ? JanuaryAim: Many companies are started each year, but only some of them are successful and generate worthwhile profits. Many new companies do not survive the first few years. The purpose of this thesis is to identify factors that can lead to success for small and medium-sized enterprises in Gästrikland.Method: We analysed 559 interview surveys that were collected during the years 2004-2010 and success factors were defined. Additionally, financial reports from the database Retriever were analysed.