The purpose of this study is to analyse the significance of the national assessment in highschool education, including what the teachers express about the new instructions currently coming from the Swedish National Agency of Education, concerning a more central control of grading the national assessments. This study also covers the teachers individual responsibility when it comes to grading the national assessments. The purpose of the national assessment is to secure that grading and the education level in the country is equal. This is a qualitative study useing the method of a group discussion intervju (focusgroup intervju). Five highschool teachers took part in the discussion with questions that had been decided beforehand.

A major issue that has been a subject for quite some time is whether there will be a scarcity of metals in the bedrock in the future and whether or not we might end up with a problem similar to that of the big oil crisis in the mid-seventies. Following the oil crisis many oil companies started up with risk management to control future risks. This work presents how Swedish mining companies work with risk management to handle risks that might come up in the future due to metal scarceness. How Swedish mining companies look at the possible metal scarceness and if they use risk management in their decision-making process is studied. By doing interviews with Swedish owned mining companies it was found that the mining companies did not see the future metal scarcity as a risk, even though 2/3 of the companies acknowledged the scarceness to be a reality.

Hur vi uppfattar vår omgivning påverkas av alla våra fem sinnen, där denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i hörseln och det vi hör. Utifrån en litteraturstudie och egna reflektioner har ljuds betydelse och hur det påverkar oss i det dagliga livet undersökts. Syftet har varit att öka förståelsen för vad ljud betyder för vårt välbefinnande och hur vi som landskapsarkitekter kan ha ljudet i åtanke när vi gestaltar utemiljön. Ljud är mer än den fysiska ljudvågen. Det kan ge oss information om vår omgivning, spegla rörelser, underlätta orienterbarheten och vara en del av hur vi uppfattar rumslighet. Vi hör hela tiden, men lyssnar inte alltid medvetet.

The purpose of this study is to examine the usage of IT technology within preschool and study how IT tools are used by preschool staff for administrative as well as pedagogical assignments. Several aspects affects the work preschool staff do with IT which concerns availability to technology, how technology is used and how technology is made available for the children. There are a number of questions linked to these aspects where some examples this study examines are which advantages, disadvantages, obstacles or other limitations that comes with introducing IT? This study also examines how, when and in what contexts IT is being used? Other questions examined are the pedagogue?s general views of IT, competence development and eventual needs of investment? Further on this study examines to some part how children interact with IT during pedagogical activities? The overall objective is to shed light on problems that preschool staff encounter  in their daily work and on the basis of identifying important questions at issue that could constitute a basis for further research. The results of this study are based on both a literature review and a field study.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how gender is constructed in presentence reports written by social workers? as mandated by 11§ LUL. Young offenders are often assigned normative masculine or feminine attributes by personnel at treatment centers, girls are considered emotional and in need of support while boys are considered disorderly and in need of structure. Young female delinquents are victimized which affects their culpability; they are less likely to be held responsible for the crimes they committed. Young male delinquents are viewed as aggressive and in control; they are more likely to be held accountable for their criminal actions.

The aim of this study is to elucidate factors that effect growth of Sarcina lutea and Bacillus subtilis, exposed to the growth inhibitor SDS (Sodiumdodecylsulfat). Agar diffusion experiments revealed repeated, concentric zones of inhibition and stimulation upon exposure to Sodiumdodecylsulphate or to Amoxicillin. Temperature, nutrient concentration and inhibitor concentration were controlled. Formation of successively repeated zones of inhibition, stimulation, inhibition and stimulation is discussed: ? The extension of the primary inhibition zone is due to the concentration of applied Sodium dodecyl sulphate.? Immediately outside the primary inhibition zone the bacteria have access to diffusing nutrients that have not been consumed in the primary inhabitation zone.? In zones of dense bacterial growth the bacteria may produce inhibiting substances, affecting growth of bacteria in adjacent zones.? In zones of dense bacterial growth the nutrients will soon become depleted, thus affecting bacteria in adjacent zones..

Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative neurological disorder. In Sweden there are 15 000-20 000 individuals affected by the disease.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral diseases in individuals with Parkinson's disease. The material for the literature review was gathered in the medical database PubMed. Keywords used for the data research were ?Parkinson?s disease?, ?oral diseases?, ?dry mouth?, ?gingivitis?, ?caries? and ?periodontitis?.

This master?s thesis is a remote sensing study of an area-based method used to detect forest in need of thinning by use of laser data and field samples. Only pine-dominated forest has been included in the study and height limits were set to match empirical restrictions. The study area was in the municipality of Älvsbyn (Latitude 65° 40´ N, Longitude 21° 00´ E), in northern Sweden.The Swedish authority Lantmäteriet is currently laser scanning most parts of Sweden, providing new opportunities and applications. The primary aim of the national laser scanning is to create a new elevation model, useful in consequence analysis of climate changes.

In forestry there are always needs of forest data to make good strategic decisions of different actions and economic winning. Usually this data gets from field-estimations made by forest workers with expensive costs and sometimes unsatisfied quality. StoraEnso Skog is a great forest company in Sweden and they have part of the responsibility of the forest own by Bergvik Skog. Bergvik Skog is owner of 1, 9 million hectares productive forest land. Both Bergvik and StoraEnso have great interest in new inventory techniques to get the important forest data. The company Foran Remote Sensing offers the opportunity with airborne laserscanning of forest and forest land. Foran got the mission of Bergvik and StoraEnso to laser scan Bergviks possession in Älvdalen, Dalarna.

Delirium är en vanlig och allvarlig komplikation hos äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus och är förenad med försämrad prognos och ökad dödlighet. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka om särskilda vårprogram har förebyggande och lindrande effekter vid akut delirium hos äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus, om det finns skillnader i effekt av vårdprogram mellan olika typer av personer och om någon del av ett vårdprogram kan vara mera betydelsefull än andra. Metoden utgick från en systematisk arbetsprocess enligt Goodmans sju steg. Nio kvantitativa interventionsstudier och två kvantitativa litteraturöversikter ingick i analysprocessen. Analysen visade att det finns ett starkt vetenskapligt stöd för att särskilda vårdprogram kan förebygga och lindra delirium och ett begränsat vetenskapligt underlag för att det finns skillnader i effekten av vårdprogram mellan personer med demens och andra personer som vårdas på sjukhus.

Delirium är en vanlig och allvarlig komplikation hos äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus och är förenad med försämrad prognos och ökad dödlighet. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka om särskilda vårprogram har förebyggande och lindrande effekter vid akut delirium hos äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus, om det finns skillnader i effekt av vårdprogram mellan olika typer av personer och om någon del av ett vårdprogram kan vara mera betydelsefull än andra. Metoden utgick från en systematisk arbetsprocess enligt Goodmans sju steg. Nio kvantitativa interventionsstudier och två kvantitativa litteraturöversikter ingick i analysprocessen. Analysen visade att det finns ett starkt vetenskapligt stöd för att särskilda vårdprogram kan förebygga och lindra delirium och ett begränsat vetenskapligt underlag för att det finns skillnader i effekten av vårdprogram mellan personer med demens och andra personer som vårdas på sjukhus.

Noise music is created around sounds not often welcome in a musical context. Since the birth of electronic music in the 1950s a new perspective on composing has emerged. In electronic music, sounds and their timbre are as much important as melody, harmony and rhythm. This composing perspective is not often observed. Therefore I have examined a musical genre that stretches the boundaries of what we consider music, sound, noise, beautiful and terrible.

The occupational therapist uses meaningful activities to promote health and accomplish functional progress. The professional role is to support and enable for the client to change his/her life. One way to accomplish this is to use the group as a tool. Knowledge is needed about how learning works and which teaching methods exist to promote learning, so it is adapted after the clients´ personal way of learning. The aim of this study was to investigate which pedagogical approaches occupational therapists use in group activities.

The alpaca is a camelid that originate from the South American highland. During recent years it?s been possible to keep alpacas in other parts of the world. Today there is a world-wide interest in alpacas, but there is still limited knowledge about this fascinating animal. There are approximately 350-400 alpacas in Sweden in 2007.

AimThe aim of the present study was to study possible evidence for shock wave therapy on pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis.Questions1. Does shock wave therapy reduce pain in patients with plantar fasciitis?2. Does shock wave therapy improve function in patients with plantar fasciitis?MethodA systematic review of the literature was performed in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Cinahl.