How the running and controlling goes, vary on different municipalities, depending how the organization is constructed and what is being prioritised. There exist laws and directives which the businesses have to follow, but beyond this the organisations are quite free to prioritise and to decide what the best is for the community as a whole unit. The municipality has access to different tools which purpose is to help them running the organization as good as possible, so they can create a well-operated business. This is very important, regarding that the tax money should be spent in an effective way, and be able to do so it is required good and well-functioned system of control.A big change has happened when the instrument BSC (Balanced Scorecard) was introduced in certain municipality. In this essay the focus lies on two municipalities, Vellinge and Kristianstad.

 Sammanfattning Syftet med studien var att värdera närståendes skattning av vårdkvaliteten på en intensivvårdsavdelning med hjälp av frågeformuläret KUPP (Kvalitet Ur Patientens Perspektiv). Antalet respondenter uppgick till 33 personer (10 män och 23 kvinnor) som valdes konsekutivt. Designen var en deskriptiv och komparativ studie med kvantitativ ansats. Den före detta intensivvårdspatienten vårdades på avdelningen 24 timmar eller mer. Resultatet visade att närstående skattade balans i vårdkvaliteten inom frågor som belyste vilken vårdutrustning som fanns tillgänglig, patientens medicinska vård, sjuksköterskors och undersköterskors engagemang, sjuksköterskors och undersköterskors empatiska och personliga förhållningssätt samt hela personalgruppens respekt i bemötandet av patienten. Bemötandet av släkt och vänner värderades också högt. Bristande vårdkvalitet skattades inom frågor som belyste information efter åtgärder, information om patientens vårdförlopp och vilken person som var ansvarig för patientens vård. Vissa intensivvårdsspecifika frågor som belyste möjligheten att få diskutera med personalen om otrygghet, mardrömmar och slem i luftvägar skattades som bristande vårdkvalitet.

There are many different recommendations on how to keep pelargoniums over winter, but most of the recommendations suggest ?the higher the temperature, the more light and water the pelargonium needs?. The purpose with this paper is to try to explain the best and the worst results that are achieved with different storage alternatives of zonal pelargoniums. The results are based on an orientating investigation carried out in January-February, and a questionnaire that members of the Swedish Pelargonium Society answered to. Both the orientating investigation and the questionnaire showed that zonal pelargoniums are best stored light and cold but frost free. They should be irrigated according to their needs which is when the soil is dry, about every second to third week. Zonal pelargoniums are very resistant to drought and can survive without water for at least 44 days, both when kept under light and cold as well as under light and warm.

The present study deals with task-oriented conversations between a person with hearing loss and a relative or friend. The purpose was to investigate how the participants in the task-oriented context co-construct understanding, and to focus on different kind of repair strategies that the participants may use to make the hearing loss relevant in the conversation. The method used was Conversation Analysis (CA). The material consisted of eight videotaped task-oriented conversations between a person with hearing loss and their significant other. Altogether eight persons participated in the study ? four of them had a hearing loss and the other four had normal hearing.

Bakgrund: Antalet personer som insjuknar i demenssjukdom o?kar va?rlden o?ver. Behovet efter utbildad personal och sjuksko?terskans ansvar att kunna ge sto?d och hja?lp till demenssjukas anho?riga o?kar da?rfo?r ocksa? da? en demenssjukdom pa?verkar hela familjen.Syfte: Syftet a?r att beskriva anho?rigas upplevelser av att ha en na?ra familjemedlem med demenssjukdom.Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie enligt Evans (2002) analysmetod har anva?nts fo?r att analysera 12 stycken kvalitativa artiklar. Nyckelfynd sammanfo?rdes och bildade tre teman och sex stycken subteman.Resultat: Resultatet pa?visar att anho?riga upplever blandade ka?nslor av att en na?ra familjemedlem fa?tt diagnosen demenssjukdom.

Genom ett kvalitativt frågeformulär svarade 53 stycken anhöriga till soldater och officerare på hur deras behov av anhörigstöd såg ut under tiden för en internationell insats. Uppsatsens frågeställning handlar om det  anhörigstöd som Försvarsmakten och externa stödorganisationer har utarbetat och om detta går i linje med de behov som finns hos de anhöriga. Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra Försvarsmakten och stödorganisationernas utbud på anhörigstöd med den anhöriges faktiska behov och därmed svara på uppsatsens frågeställning. Syftet är vidare att utifrån resultatet även kunna ge förslag på eventuella förbättringar på dagens anhörigstöd. Genom att analysera rådata har ett resultat kunnat redovisas som visar en markant förbättring av anhörigstödet i förhållande till det missnöje som presenterades av Officersförbundet och Synovate år 2008.

Background: Prediabetes is caused by relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in the body tissue which leads to abnormal blood glucose levels. Prediabetes can over time lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus. To prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes and its complications, it is important to identify early elevated blood glucose levels and thereby prediabetes.Objective: To describe nurses' knowledge and experience regarding the management of patients with prediabetes.Methods: Qualitative descriptive design with individual interviews. Three nurses, three community health nurses and three diabetes nurses were interviewed.Results: The result can be understood from the nurses' experiences of encountering patients with prediabetes. An overarching theme in the analysis was that the nurses are working or aspiring to work preventively.

Den 1 juli år 2009 trädde en lagändring i kraft i SoL 5 kap. 10 § som innebär ett förtydligande i att Socialnämnden ska erbjuda stöd eller hjälp för att underlätta för de personer som vårdar en närstående som är långvarigt sjuk eller äldre eller stödjer en person som har funktionshinder.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur implementeringen av SoL kap 5 § 10 ser ut i två kommuner. För att besvara detta använde vi oss utav kvalitativa intervjuer med nyckelpersoner med kunskap inom anhörigstödsarbete. Dessa nyckelpersoner har valts ut i två kommuner med olika organisationsform. De två kommunerna vi valt befinner sig i olika stadier i utvecklingen av implementeringen gällande anhörigstöd.Ur vårt resultat fick vi fram tre olika teman och dessa blev sedan grunden till vår analys och diskussion.

Through discourse analysis of twelve Library and Information Science theses, covering the period between 1975 and 2007, this thesis examines representations of homosexuality and homosexual identities. By using queer theory as a point of reference aspects such as essence/construct, equality/difference, notions of gender and views on the historical and contemporary situation of homosexuals are brought to the fore in the analysis. It is shown how the material unequivocally posits the contemporary situation of homosexuals favourably in comparison to a past signified by prejudices and oppression. This can be seen as an implicit essentialism in the texts, though ambivalences open up the possibility that it in some cases may be only strategically used while explicitly adhering to constructionist views. In linking concepts of a homosexual difference to prejudices, frequently involving notions of inverted gender performances or sexual ?extremes?, the discourse of progression posits normalcy and assimilation as positive values.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge around the location?s importance when rent setting office premises. Furthermore, I want to get broader knowledge about the real estate market as a whole when since it is of current interest.Method: The study is performed with the aid of qualitative interviews on persons with experience of office premises in Stockholm city. Theoretical dates mainly have been gathered via literature and the Internet. Then I have put together the interviews in order so that I finally can analyze empiric with theory.Result & conclusions: The results that have been achieved with this essay are how the concept location has been used within the real estate sector, also how important long-term thinking is when letting of premises, not only office premises.Suggestions for future research: Future studies can increase my study with more interviews, with for example real-estate owners.

A school is a social area in which children and adults meet each other. The school is were friendship, love and also enmity arise. The process to establish, maintain, split up and end relationships is constantly continuously. A Childs way of creating relationships is complex. Bullying and similar offending treatment occur and has always been a huge problem in school.

Wermland was affected by the Spanish flu like the Swedish national average, about a half percentage of Wermlands population would lose their lives to the flu during the autumn 1918. The flu has for many fallen into oblivion. This oblivion is so wide spread that it´s possible to talk about a "collective forgetfulness". The society have selected to remember 1918 for "when the guns went quiet on the western front" and not for the millions who died from the treacherous Spanish flu. The world had already suffered enough from the four years of war that had been fought, thus the victims of the flu would be honored but would soon fade in to oblivion.  When you investigate deeper you get the picture that the national average don´t do Wermland and its cities or rural areas any justice when a large variations seems to occur within regional areas.

This master?s paper first presents some of the principal theories and concepts developed by the poverty researchers Rowntree, Titmuss, Townsend, Sen and Lister. These theoretical frameworks are then related to two documents from the EU and Sweden concerning combating poverty and social exclusion, bearing on the establishment of the ?Year 2010 against Poverty?. Finally, I discuss the value in practice of these theories and policy documents, as regards reducing poverty in Europe.It has become clear in this investigation that the theories and concepts from earlier research are still relevant to the formulation of contemporary policy programmes, and that earlier research helps us to avoid old traps in fighting poverty.

Syftet med studien är att ta fram ett grundläggande material för vidare undersökning avseende högre kvalitet vid taxeringsförfarandet i samband med justering av taxeringsvärden när väg fram till småhusfastigheter saknas. Detta då det idag inte finns några riktlinjer kring denna justering. Målet med studien är att undersöka vilken värdeinverkan avsaknad av väg till småhusfastigheter kan anses ha på marknadsvärdet, och vad som gör denna värdeinverkan svår- eller lättbedömd.Metoderna som tillämpats i studien avser en kvantitativ- samt kvalitativ undersökning. Den kvantitativa undersökningen har genomförts i form av telefonintervjuer med mäklare och fastighetsvärderare. Detta för att få en generell bild av hur marknaden anses uppfatta förhållandet avsaknad av väg.

Sustainability questions that concern the subjects of environmental and social aspects are increasing in today?s society, and therefore the sustainability report is a way for companies to show their work with sustainability development by working with a clear report and follow up. As the first country in the world, Sweden has decided, as from the financial year of 2008, that all governmental owned companies should present a sustainability report according to the guidelines of GRI. The aim of this essay was to identify and analyze actual events from a sustainability aspect for Vattenfall, from a medial perspective during the time period 2005-2009. We made a content analysis of one company?s sustainability reports during a time period of five years and we connected this to the medias reports of the company from the same period, to see if there were any connections between the subjects that media had elucidated.