SAMMANFATTNING BakgrundAtt arbeta skift har visat sig vara en stressfaktor som påverkar både sömn och hälsa negativt och inom sjukvården kan även patientsäkerheten äventyras om personalen är utmattad på grund av sömnbrist.SyfteSyfte med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vilka faktorer som påverkar sömnen och kan medföra sömnstörningar, samt vilka preventiva åtgärder som kan leda till förbättrad sömn hos skiftarbetande vårdspersonal.MetodResultatet bygger på tio vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade under åren 2007-2013. Dessa söktes genom databaserna Cinahl, PsykINFO och PubMed.Resultat I analysen av artiklarna framkom att skiftarbete som inkräktar på normala sömntider har en uppenbart skadlig effekt på sömnen med svårigheter att somna och sömnighet under både arbetstid och ledighet. Utmärkande var att stigande ålder och låg stresströskel (hardiness) ökade risken för sömnstörningar. Att ges möjlighet till tupplur under nattpass var en viktig åtgärd för att förebygga trötthet och främja hälsan hos skiftarbetande vårdpersonal.SlutsatsEftersom skiftarbete i sig har en uppenbart skadlig effekt på sömnen så är det av största vikt att ge vårdpersonalen bästa möjliga förutsättningar för att bibehålla sin hälsa på sikt. Förutom att planera för bra skiftscheman med schemalagd rast samt möjlighet att sova på nattpassen, bör man ta hänsyn till vårdpersonalens ålder och stresstålighet (hardiness)..

How should a fair income tax system be designed? Since Estonia became the first country to introduce a flat tax on incomes in 1994, this question has been in focus of public debate. The aim of is this thesis is to show that a flat income tax system, combining a proportional tax rate on all incomes with an allowance exempt from tax, is consistent with the demands of justice. In order to achieve this I construct a two level argument using normative method. The first part consists in the justification of a specific ethical theory which is derived from to notion of human dignity.

Caso Skanska is an incident that occurred in Argentina and regarded corruption and bribes to government officials. This study investigates how this incident could occur and how it can be explained. The theoretical framework used is the dynamic interaction model, stakeholder theory, embeddedness theory, the political perspective and corruption theory. The method used is qualitative and it consists of data gathered through semi-structured interviews in Sweden and Argentina as well as other sources of written information of relevance for the study. The authors conclude that Caso Skanska could occur due to the lack of strong institutions as well as transparency.

Malignt melanom är en av de tio vanligaste cancerformerna. Insjuknandet har ökat på grund av ändrade sol- och resvanor. Utvecklingen beror främst på UV-strålningen från solen samt ökad användning av solarier. Idag är det främst de yngre kvinnorna som insjuknar. Det gäller att diagnostisera malignt melanom i ett tidigt stadie, då det ger en bättre förutsättning för överlevnaden.

This paper aims at shedding light on the effects of a broken psychological contract in terms of job satisfaction. In a qualitative field study, the author researches seven newly recruites employees about their expectations when starting their jobs at the rapidly growing, Swedish company Klarna. Using Herzbergs two-factor model of hygiene and motivation factors as well as modern motivation theory, i.e. self-determination theory, the study answers questions as to what makes a candidate choose a company and what factors motivates as well as demotivates the recruit at the job, in the onboarding phase. The result is an attempt to describe what makes a recruitment process successful..

Titel: Ingen aning utan spaning ? Skolsköterskors självmordspreventiva arbeteFörfattare: Eberhard, Charlotte; Lundgren, SannaInstitution: Institutionen för vård och natur, Högskolan i SkövdeProgram: Examensarbete i omvårdnad, 15 HpHandledare: Källerwald, SusanneExaminator: Westin, LarsSidor: 22Månad och År: juni, 2013Nyckelord: Skolsköterska, självmordsprevention, elevhälsa_________________________________________________________________________Bakgrund: I rapporter som Nationellt centrum för Suicidforskning och Prevention av psykisk ohälsa (NASP) tagit fram, framgår att självmord är ett stort samhällsproblem bland barn och ungdomar. Unga individer spenderar en stor del av sin tid i skolan och förutom själva undervisningen utgör skolan en social plattform. Självmord är för såväl män som kvinnor den vanligaste dödsorsaken i åldersgruppen 15-24 år. Självmordsnära människor långt in i skeendet är ambivalenta till om de egentligen vill dö.

The aim of this master thesis is to investigate and illustrate the measures that parents, teachers and school librarians can take in order to influence childrens reading, and, more importantly, how these attempts performed by the adults in the childs environment affect the reading habits of the child. The methods used include qualitative interviews, undertaken with eight students/children, their teacher and a school librarian, and an observation of a book talk in the studied class. Considering that no interviews have been executed with the parents, the results presented regarding the parents prospects of encouraging childrens reading, are therefore to be seen from the perspective of the children, and analysed as such. Three different theories have been employed in order to elucidate the results of the study; Bourdieus theory about the cultural capital transmitted from parent to child; Aidan Chambers theory on the book talk as promoting reading; and Louise Limbergs theory on the levels of the school library and its consequent prognosis of working to promote reading. The results of the study concur with Bourdieus theory, in that the childrens reading habits in most cases seem to have been affected by the amount of involvement that the parents have given to promote their reading.

Noise in schools can have negative effect on the teaching environment and speech perception. The national Child Environmental Health Surveys (BMHE) conducted in 2003 and 2011 studied how 12-year olds experience their sound environment in school. Results showed that the number of pupils that experience annoyance from noise increased from 2003 to 2011.Aim: The aim of this study was to study how 12-year olds perceive their sound environment in school.Methodology and material: A quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted in the sixth grade at two schools. The questionnaire used included questions from BMHE and self-produced questions. Sixtynine students answered the questionnaire.Results: Over 50 % of the respondents experience annoyance from noise in school several times a week.

The aim of this study was to look at introduction for staff in a social service office and the social workers experience off the first period at a new workplace. Qualitative interviews have been used as a method of investigating how social workers look at introduction in the workplace and how social workers have experience the first period at the workplace. The empirical material have been analysed by using the theory of Human Service Organizations, street-lever bureaucracy theory and theory concerning work environment. This papers first chapter presents the methodological preferences, the second chapter the theoretical perspective and the results of the study are presented in the third chapter followed by a discussion and ending comments in chapter four. My study showed that introduction is necessary in a complex organisation and could be a way to improve the social workers situation in social service organisations..

The purpose of this study was to explore the connection between substance abuse and completed/attempted suicide. Central questions were who the substance abusers who commit suicidal actions were. The study also tries to find out which factors that contributes to this behaviour and why it is so common amongst substance abusers. All from the point of view of three scientist and three persons working with treatment of addicts who were interviewed. The results of these interviews were analysed on an individual level with a psychological theory.

The value of a good reputation for organizations is increasing today as consumers and citizens become more aware of brands. If a crisis hits an organization, there is now more to lose than before concerning reputation. Therefore the organization?s communication strategies must be developed to sustain the organization?s reputation during and after a crisis.In the field of crisis communication there are two distinguished theories which concern what an organization with help from crisis communication should do to undergo a crisis without losing its reputation. These theories are image repair theory and situational crisis communication theory (SCCT).

The purpose with this study was to get a deeper understanding of how the social welfare secretaries experience the meeting with clients.Our main questions were how the social welfare secretaries thinks about their own way to behave in the meeting with clients, which difficulties/obstacles there can be a and which factors they think affect the meeting. What is it that makes the social welfare secretaries experience a meeting as good or less good.Theory used: ?naive theory? and ?theory of communication?. The social welfare secretaries emphasised the importance of respect and clarity in their relations with the clients. By contrast with literature, the hover between power and support was not found difficult.The goal is that the social welfare secretaries and the clients understand each other and that they reach the purpose with the meeting..

The number of people who gets obesity increase wiht 1/2-1 % every year. Despite this number it is shown that obesity is a chronic and neglected decease. The purposes of this literature study were to describe how obesity effects adult and the risk of complications and the factors the nurse needs to know which effects patiens with obesity. The results shows the connection between obesity and complications and also what methods the nurse can use in the preventive work..

This is a non-traditional examination paper written after three years of studies at Malmö University and the Kaospilot Program. It is written in Swedish and in the spring of 2009. It describes a non-linear project based on a process-orientated theory called Theory-U by Otto C. Scharmer (2009). The project aims to investigate the changing conditions of Stage Theatre and deals with non-linearity as phenomena.

Introduktion: Invandringen ökar konstant till Sverige och att vara född utanför Norden anses vara den största riskfaktorn för försämrad tandhälsa. Flera orala sjukdomar är en konsekvens av bristande munhygien, bakteriella beläggningar och tobaksbruk.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga upplevelsen av den egna munhälsan, kunskapen om munhälsa, munhygienvanor samt tobaksvanor hos en grupp invandrare.Frågeställningar: Vilka är dessa personers munhygienvanor? Vilka är dessa personers tobaksvanor? Vilken kunskap har dessa personer vad gäller sjukdomsuppkomst och prevention beträffande karies, gingivit och parodontit? Hur upplever dessa personer sin individuella munhälsa?Metod: En enkätundersökning genomfördes på en skola i Stockholm som undervisar i svenska för invandrare (SFI). Totalt deltog 56 individer i undersökningen.Resultat: Resultatet visade en varierande kunskapsnivå gällande orala sjukdomars uppkomst och prevention. Beträffande munhygienvanor uppger 48,1 % att de borstar tänderna två gånger dagligen och 80,8 % använder tandkräm innehållande fluor.