In this study the practical work with the EU Water Framework starts on the island of Gotland. 33 lakes and 32 streams have been characterized and classified regarding to their ecological status. The aim with the characterisation is to create a uniform discription of all waterbodies and a comparable estimation for the future. The aim with the classification is both to study the waterbodies ecological status and to gain knowledge of where the resources should be concentrated so that the ecological status in all waterbodies will be good in 2015.The characterisation has been done according to the EU Water Framework Directive, and the factors that have been applied are the mean depth and area of the lake. The length and size on the catchment area are the factors that have been used on streams.

This thesis is about how nationalism is constructed from two competing groups, Kosovo Albanian and Serbs. Kosovo for Serbs is a deep symbolic value that continues to be a Serbian identification. This is one of the main reasons why no Serbian politician has the courage to give it up. On the other side of the coin we have the Kosovo Albanians that only settles for independence. To recognize the independence for Kosovo could jeopardize the security for the Serbian minority living in Kosovo.

Today's fierce competition means that companies constantly must develop their business and internal processes. Focus on processes and continuous improvement is something that characterizes Lean Production which ICA logistics are applying with their concept Leading Logistics. Standardized routines for handling damaged gods were insufficient at the ICA distribution center in Kungälv. Handling and registration of damaged gods were not performed uniformly, resulting in problems with controlling and monitoring the process.The purpose of this thesis was to analyze and make recommendations how the process of internal handling of damaged gods could be improved. Therefore a comprehensive understanding was needed of the entire material flow through the warehouse and important quality aspects such as product safety and delivery reliability.The methods used are literature reviews, interviews and observations to produce a comprehensive process mapping of the current situation at the distribution center.

Hair care is a hygienic treatment and is supervised by the Local Environment and Public Health Committee in the municipality. According to the Swedish Environmental Code, hairdressers as all practitioners are required to take measurements to protect the environment and public health. In hygienic treatments hazards may arise from inadequate hygiene practice which spread infection. Hazards may also arise from the use of hair care products such as permanent wave solutions, bleaches and hair dyes. Some hair dye components are known to cause contact allergy, mostly in hair dressers who are exposed professionally but also in some cases in consumers.

Due to long time of overconsumption of antibiotic, the possibility of an effective infection treatment is now threatened. Bacteria have begun develop resistant against antibiotic, witch is most due to bacteria that do not normally develop resistant. These kinds of bacteria produce ESBL, and have made the healthcare costs increase around twice as much, as for bacteria that do not produce ESBL..

The guinea pig is an important meat-producing animal in Peru as well as in several other South American countries. They are held in different kinds of systems, from the small backyard breeders with few animals to the large commercial farms with thousands of guinea pigs. One of the major issues at the farms is animals dying of unknown causes. Salmonellosis is often considered as a major cause, but samples for confirmation are rarely taken. It has been known for a long time that Clostridium difficile (C.

Traumatiska sårskador är vanligt förekommande hos hästar och kunskapen om sårläkningens mekanismer har blivit mycket större under de senaste 15 åren. Vad gäller bandagematerial så säljs det nuförtiden många olika bioaktiva kompresser som syftar till att underlätta läkningsförloppet men tyvärr finns inte mycket forskning avseende hur väl dessa kompresser fungerar på sårskador på hästars extremiteter. I denna studie jämfördes fyra stycken bioaktiva kompresser: kalciumalginat, manukahonung, polyhexametylen biguandin (PHMB) och Sorbact. Totalt behandlades 15 traumatiskt uppkomna sår i fältmiljö. Samarbetande distriktsveterinärer inledde behandlingen av sårskadan med en bioaktiv kompress enligt ett randomiserat protokoll.

The purpose of this study was, if possible, to find a housing system for growing bulls that was as optimal as possible for the animal welfare. In order to select housing systems you must take into account the size of the group, body weight and the type of floor. Seven of the international most common housing systems were compared, straw bedding, deep straw bedding, sliding straw bedding, concrete slatted floor, rubber coated slatted floor, cubicles and feeding cubicles. Studies that have examined the proportion of tail, claw and leg injuries and the presence of unnatural behavior in the different systems. In summary, all studies showed that soft underlay were beneficial for the animals in terms of the proportion of bone lesions and swellings.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which occurs worldwide and spreads between humans mainly through sex, from mother to child, blood and blood products and between injecting drug users. After been infected with HIV for a couple of years the final stage of the infection progress into Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and there is no cure or vaccine, only medication that delays the development of the disease. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to examine the preventive work against HIV in Sweden, the groups at risk for getting infected and to highlight sexual attitudes and behaviours among adolescents and young adults. Method: A literature based study method was used and the material is based on scientific articles and reports from active actors within the field of HIV prevention.

Bakgrund: En vårdrelaterad infektion (VRI) är en av de vanligaste komplikationer som drabbar patienter som vårdas på sjukhus eller andra vårdinrättningar; uppskattningsvis drabbas cirka 10 % av patienterna. Basala hygienrutiner är en effektiv metod för att förhindra kontaktsmitta och därmed minska spridningen av VRI. Enligt Socialstyrelsens föreskrifter om basala hygienrutiner inom hälso- och sjukvården ska vårdpersonalen för att begränsa VRI iaktta dessa åtgärder vid all undersökning, behandling eller annan direktkontakt med patienten.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga vårdpersonalens kunskaper om basala hygienrutiner och om det finns faktorer som påverkar följsamheten till de basala hygienrutinerna.Metod: Studien hade en kvantitativ ansats med icke experimentell design, där personalens kunskaper om basala hygienrutiner beskrevs och mättes. Hypoteser utformades och testades. Deskriptiv- och sambandsanalys genomfördes på resultatet.Resultat: Kunskapsnivån hos personalen är relativt hög men förbättringspotential finns.

The increased frequency of reported Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is of great concern to small animal healthcare due to limited options of antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this literature study is to investigate 1) characteristics and classification of S. pseudintermedius, 2) resistance mechanisms and emergence of MRSP, 3) risk factors for selection of MRSP, and 4) clonal distribution around the world. S. pseudintermedius is a skin and mucosal commensal in healthy dogs and cats, but can cause infections, including pyoderma. Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the penicillin binding protein (PBP), a vital enzyme in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.

In studies of serum, in the early 1930s, from patients with pneumonia, a factor was found. It could agglutinate certain pneumococcal species. This factor, which later became known as C-reactive protein (CRP), increased sharply during the early and middle stages of the disease. CRP was identified as an acute phase protein and found especially in bacterial infections. CRP is synthesized in the liver by stimulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is produced by the monocytes, and consists of five non-covalently bound subunits.The aim of this study was to compare two different analytical instruments (Vitros 5.1 FS Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics and QuikRead CRP Orion Diagnostica) for CRP analysis.

This study investigates a farm in Dalarna which includes 16 ha of farmland and 1, 7 ha of pasture. The purpose is to find out if it is possible to start an animal production in Dalarna. The study is set only to compare spring lamb production with nurse cow production. There are two buildings on the farm that can be used for this purpose. One is an old cowshed, and the other is an unused silo for silage with a roof on top. Both of the buildings are compared to every alternative in the calculations.

In order for a retention of title clause (ROT-clause) to be valid against third parties underSwedish law, the debtor must be prohibited to dispose of the object transferred. Forinstance, the debtor must not be allowed to resell the object without the creditor?spermission or before the object has been fully paid. If the creditor gives consent to thedebtor?s disposal, he loses his right of separation.

Honung har en historia inom sårvård som går långt tillbaka i tiden. Idag används honung både inom veterinär- och humanmedicinsk vård. Den honung som används är framförallt Manukahonung från växten Leptospermum scoparium i Nya Zeeland. Honung anses ha ett flertal positiva effekter på sårläkning och här fokuseras på tre av dem: antibakteriell effekt, påskyndad sårläkning samt antiinflammatorisk effekt. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att se vad det finns för vetenskaplig grund till Manukahonungs påstådda effekter och för att få en uppfattning om användbarheten inom veterinärmedicinsk sårvård för hund och katt. Den allmänna uppfattningen är att den antibakteriella effekten hos Manukahonung är bekräftad då flertalet studier har visat detta, även på multiresistenta bakterier.