After World War II a rapid expansion of the Swedish health care took place. Theexpansion was realised chiefly as a development of the hospitals and was bothproduced and financed mainly within the public sector. The financing consisted to ahigh degree of government grants from the state to the county councils.During the period for this examination (1945-1955) the public responsibility for thehealth care was expanded. This was expressed in the publicly financed system forhealth insurance and the cut down in the charges that the patients had to pay for thehospital care. These changes led to some discussions on the national level but reformscould on the whole, with exception for the suggested reform of the open health care,be implemented.This case-study performed on the county council in Värmland shows that the degreeof consensus was enhanced on the Regional level.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyze why, in the case of Afghanistan, the government chose to establish a highly centralized political system, when from a democratic standpoint a less centralized system would be preferable.The time period that is examined span from 2001 when the so-called Bonn-Accord was signed, to the parliamentary elections held in 2005, a period often referred to as the Bonn-process.The theoretical framework examines both the complex relations between federalism and democracy, as well as the relation between federalism and the role of existent ethnic minorities. The theoretical framework is then used in order to explain why it would be problematic to create a federal system in Afghanistan under the present circumstances.The conclusions that can be drawn are the following: In case of the republic Afghanistan the creation and implementation of a highly centralized political system was the only possible way for the government to be able to cope and practically deal with the problems of existent ethnic antagonism and Regional warlords in order to create a stable political situation in the country..

The rural development programme is a tool for promoting sustainable development in the Swedish countryside. The master plan should, for example, give directions for the national interest and describe how it will follow up national and Regional targets such as the EU's environmental quality standards. Because the municipality has considerable freedom to formulate the plan in its sole discretion, and that it contains the municipality's political vision, it is also feasible to make a discourse analysis of the plan text.In discourse analysis, including articles and documents written by Rural Network Working Group on land use planning to be included. The purpose of discourse analysis is to see if there are differences in the way rural areas are described and if there are any flaws in how the designer interprets the rural development programme. Furthermore, the analysis result in tools that are adapted to the standards we create and choose.The standards we have are being designed based on our values, which differ.

Thavenius (2009:23-122) and Dahl (1999:49-82) explains that literary education in school has gone from, in the 1800s, barely existed on receiving the fairly central location it has today. Fredriksson (2010:2-3) points out that there are several threats to the ancient writers and writings in danger of being forgotten. The purpose with this essay was to examine how to work with literary history in school, and whether and how to work with Regional literature history. To fulfill the purpose of this paper three high school teacher in Swedish were interviewed.The survey shows that respondents working in various ways with the history of literature, either in the eras, themes or projects. The perception of what literature and the authors to be affected varies between respondents, particularly the perception of the work about authors from Värmland.

This thesis examines the possibility of Bolivian indigenous women?s social movements? getting their demands of a gender equal society fulfilled in the new state which was initiated in 2005 when Evo Morales became the first president representing the indigenous people of the country. By using a qualitative method I have showed that although the Bolivian indigenous women?s social movements? historically has been significant political actors for social change in the country, with representation at both Regional and national level, Bolivian women are still subordinated in the social and political sphere. By applying a feminist intersectional perspective which takes its point of departure in a understanding of power as multidimensional, where gender, ethnicity and class are constitutive principals, multiculturalism theories and a social movements theory framework, I have found that even if institutional changes, that opened the system increased the indigenous women?s social movements political participation in Bolivia, power structures based on gender limited their possibilities to influence both socially and politically.

The purpose of this research is to examine some historical aspects of Robert Putnam?s thesisabout voluntary associations and social capital. According to a micro perspective theory ofsocial capital the trust and reciprocity required and created by associations is important toexplain the disparity between institutional performance and socioeconomic development ofsocieties. The social patterns governing this therefore set a precedent for the future. Using themutual sickness benefit societies in Sweden as variable for voluntary associations around1884, the essay discusses the possible links between social capital, associations and long termeconomic development.

Sammanfattning Detta examensarbete behandlar problematiken mellan en växande stad och strävan att nå hållbar utveckling, d vs hur vi skall minska vår negativa påverkan på vår miljö och omgivning, utan ?nna ett sett att nå sådana strukturer som inte urholkar naturens naturtillgångar, den ekonomiska välfärden, det demokratiska systemet eller vårt kulturella arv. Då en stad står inför behovet att expandera är det viktigt att fråga sig hur detta kan ske samtidigt som utbyggnaden skall verka för den hållbara utvecklingen. Detta är en mycket intressant men komplex fråga som jag i detta arbete försöker närma mig. Arbetet är dock inte skrivit med ambitionen att lösa denna stora fråga, utan är ett anspråkslöst försök att närma mig ett av de synsätt på hur vi kan skapa hållbara strukturer i en stad som expanderar. I sökandet har jag tagit fasta på hur vi genom infrastrukturen och bebyggelsestrukturen kan bidra till att skapa hållbara strukturer.

The aim of this essay is to examine the experiences of an introduction process of newcomers through an integrative perspective, by two guiding questions: How does the examined organization socialize newcomers? How is the organizational socialization experienced by the employees? Most Swedish corporations engage in some form of workplace introduction and this introduction should give the newcomer an understanding of his work and its relation to the organizations other business practices. Earlier studies have mostly focused on the effects of socialization tactics but few on the experience. This study, based on qualitative interviews with a Regional manager, newcomers and established employees shows that the studied organization socializes its newcomers through many socialization tactics where the newcomers? personality and previous knowledge allows to direct the socialization process.

Thavenius (2009:23-122) and Dahl (1999:49-82) explains that literary education in school has gone from, in the 1800s, barely existed on receiving the fairly central location it has today. Fredriksson (2010:2-3) points out that there are several threats to the ancient writers and writings in danger of being forgotten. The purpose with this essay was to examine how to work with literary history in school, and whether and how to work with Regional literature history. To fulfill the purpose of this paper three high school teacher in Swedish were interviewed.The survey shows that respondents working in various ways with the history of literature, either in the eras, themes or projects. The perception of what literature and the authors to be affected varies between respondents, particularly the perception of the work about authors from Värmland.

The purpose of this project was to find an understanding for why public agents working with introduction of immigrants have decided to co-operate and co-ordinate their efforts. Another purpose was to gain insights in what characterizes this co-operation.Seven interviews were made with practitioners working with these questions on national-, Regional- and local levels. The material gathered in this process was then analysed using governance theory and more specific the parts dealing with Joined- up government and Whole- of Government. Two analytic tools were used in the analysis: wicked problems and network.The first of these, wicked problems, was made operational by the use of insecurities. Analysing the interviews along these lines proved very useful in explaining why public agents have decided to try to work together.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the cooperation between the public employment service and the refugee reception in a medium-sized municipality in southern Sweden on basis of the establishment reform. The study examines how the collaborative process is regarded when it comes to implementation of the reform, and when it comes to the directives and resource allocation between the employment services and the refugee reception. The study also focuses on the deficiencies and the benefits that can be discerned with the establishment reform at local level.A qualitative data collection method has been used. It is semi-structured interviews with workers from the public employment service and the refugee reception. Information materials and evaluations that various authorities have made have also been investigated.The study concludes that it is important that the directives are clarified and that a new local and Regional agreement will be established on paper.

Hälsa är ett omfattande begrepp som främst kan tolkas ur två olika perspektiv, salutogent där fokuset ligger på att frambringa hälsa och patogent där fokuset ligger på den fysiska kroppen och sjukdom. I skolämnet har begreppet idag en central roll där begreppet i ämnet delats in i olika diskurser. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare samt en kvantitativ enkätundersökning med elever på två olika skolor har syftet att utreda vad lärare respektive elever har för förhållningssätt gentemot hälsa svarats på utifrån perspektiven och diskurserna. Arbetet berör hur dessa förhållningssätt förhåller sig till varandra samt om det föreligger någon Regional skillnad mellan de olika skolorna. Studien visar på att elever och deras undervisande lärare i stor grad har en liknande syn på hälsa och att det finns Regionala skillnader.

En operationsavdelning är för de flesta en främmande miljö som upplevs skrämmande. De som ska genomgå en operation känner olika grader av ängslan, oro och rädsla. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av vårdmiljön i samband med operation. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar från åren 1984?2001 som motsvarade syftet analyse- rades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

The subject of this master thesis is co-operation between archives, libraries and museums. The purpose is twofold: 1 To map out activities within the area to get an overall picture. The mapping is done by studies of documents and consists of international outlooks and an overview of national and Regional projects and reports; 2 To investigate how leaders of the respective institutions within the various regions of Sweden apprehend co-operation between the three sectors. The empirical study is accomplished by inquiries and is mainly qualitative. An intermediate purpose of this essay is to try using grounded theory to treat and analyse the gathered material.

Deltagardemokratiskt utövande kan ta sin form på olika sätt och begreppet är därför mångfacetterat. Globaliseringen har gjort att intresset för deltagande på lokal och Regional nivå vuxit. Så har även den deltagardemokratiska debatten. Den dominerande debatten tenderar att fokusera på hur deltagardemokrati utövas i västvärlden. Med detta enkelspåriga fokus, finns det risk, menar vi, att andra länders deltagardemokratiska former utesluts.För att påvisa denna exkludering, används empiri från två fall i tredje världen där deltagardemokratiska inslag införts, Porto Alegre och Kerala.