"Ta trappan till uppsatsen" är en hermeneutiskt inriktad empirisk studie baserad på en kvalitativ undersökning. I intervjuerna, som är gjorde i två fokusgrupper med hjälp av semi-strukturerade frågor, deltog åtta studenter som går magisterprogrammet i utomhuspedagogik 2007-2009 på Linköpings Universitet (LiU).Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom en empirisk studie undersöka hur studenter som läser utomhuspedagogik vid LiU upplever sin process att påbörja, genomföra och slutföra skrivandet av sin magisteruppsats. Jag fokuserar i studien på betydelsen av stöd och vilka eventuella hinder som studenterna upplever personligen, i sin nära omgivning och i relationen med universitetet.Resultatet visar att majoriteten av dessa vuxna studenter, som i snitt arbetar ca 90 % parallellt med deltidsstudierna på 50%, ansåg att de viktigaste motivationsfaktorerna inför påbörjandet av uppsatsen var den egna känslan av inre tillfredsställelse samt att få ökad respekt för sitt arbete från kollegor och chefer.Under genomförandet ansåg majoriteten att olika "mentala verktyg" varit till stöd, samt när det fanns en tydlig progression i trappstegsform gällande speciellt litteraturen och reflektionen. Positivt var även att starta med uppsatsen tidigt under kursen. Det fanns en oro för att inte få kontinuerlig handledning och tydlig och konkret information om uppsatsskrivandet från LiU, vilket upplevdes som hinder i skrivprocessen.Vid slutet av skrivprocessen hade betydelsen av yttre bekräftelse minskat och den egna inre motivationen var viktigast.

This essay aims to explore the philosophical meaning of the expression ?present and real? in Clara ? or, On Nature?s Connection to the Spirit World by F. W. J. Schelling.

I strävan efter att utveckla sin praktik har en grupp pedagoger filmat en vardagshändelse med eleverna i avsikt att belysa en fråga de är intresserade av att få svar på. Under ett reflekterande samtal undersöker de gemensamt det inspelade materialet.Studie syftade till att få svar på hur de tog sig an uppgiften, vad de fick syn på och hur de samtalade kring det de såg. Samtalet kan ses som ett vävande där olika pedagogers perspektiv möts. Studien sökte svar på vilka inslag som fanns i samtalsväven. Genom att synliggöra detta ville studien ge en ökad förståelse för hur skolledare och pedagoger kan skapa förutsättningar för att reflekterande samtal ska kunna bli ett funktionellt redskap i såväl professionell utveckling som verksamhetsutveckling.Forskningsfråga: Hur använder pedagogerna sig av reflekterande samtal när de utgår från autentiska situationer från praktiken?Resultatet visade att den dialogiska samtalsväven omfattade fyra typer av inslag.

Syftet med studien var att belysa och analysera förekomsten samt betydelsen av ytliga samtal för äldre. Syftet var också att undersöka vilken betydelse ytliga samtal kan ha i äldres vardag och om det kan bidra till att skapa sociala gemenskaper. Utifrån syftet har studien haft följande frågeställningar: Hur kan ytliga samtal beskrivas och vad förmedlas i dessa samtal? Vilken betydelse har platsen för att skapa ytliga samtal? Hur kan ytliga samtal och platsen tillsammans bidra till att skapa sociala gemenskaper för äldre? Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och den vetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkten är kritisk realism. Det empiriska material är inhämtat på en kommunalt driven lunchrestaurang.

Green manuring is a way of creating an organic fertilizer by growing a crop that is mowed down. Besides the fertilizing effect this method has been shown to have a positive influ-ence on soil organic matter as well as weed flora, and green manure is an important me-thod of weed control in organic farming in parts of Sweden. However, the release of nu-trients from the green manure varies and can therefore be difficult to control. Risks for losses of nutrients are also present. Although the area of organic farmland is increasing in Sweden, the use of green manure is decreasing.This report contains a literature study which compiles research on the functions of green manure in a cropping system and also how the crop can be used if harvested, for example to produce biogas.

Kevin Roberts has extended the comprehension of strong consumer brands to a higher level where loyalty beyond reason is established. He calls this new status Lovemarks. As the concept of Lovemark has only been applied in B2C markets, this thesis is directed to find out the applicability of Lovemarks in B2B context. In order to fulfill the research purpose, three main questions are answered based on a cross-sectional research approach: What role do intangible factors play in B2B branding? Is the idea of B2C Lovemarks transferable to B2B context? How should a B2B Lovemark be characterized? The results of the qualitative interviews indicate insights of high investment and involvement, integrated brand communication, balance between function versus emotion, brand?s trustworthy personality, customer partnership, and finally, the potential establishment of B2B Lovemarks.

In this thesis we propose a conceptual plan for thedevelopment of an Agroforestry Training Centre (ATC)in Musoma, Tanzania. The aim is to make a proposalto support peasant education in agroforestry. How canan ATC in Musoma be developed into a stimulatingand educational park suitable for teaching agroforestrymethods to peasant farmers and other potential users?To answer that a field study was conducted to investigatehow our client Vi Agroforestry Programme (Vi) and thetarget groups of the client can benefit from the site.The thesis begins with a short explanation of thecontext, in which the ATC plays a part followed by amethodology chapter. Next are three chapters presentedwhich introduce the reader to the research conductedbefore starting the proposal, these include: results ofliterature studies, study of precedents, and results of fieldstudy.

AbstractThe Swedish society has always been monolingual, but has for the past decades transformed into a multicultural and multilingual society. The aim of this study is to investigate if and in that case how preschool teachers work with language development in bilingual and multicultural preschools. The concept of linguistic and cultural diversity includes several different components, not least the social interactions that are of great importance to every individual's development, learning and participation in the world. By understanding the importance of language, language development and the role of mother tongue in second language acquisition, we look into various researches done concerning the effects of the preschool teachers? opinions, methods used to language developmental primarily for children who are multilingual and how the physical environment is shaped to promote language in multicultural and multilingual preschools.The method used in this study is semi-structured interviews with preschool teacher working in multicultural or bilingual preschool settings.

SammanfattningBakgrund: Våra matvanor grundläggs tidigt i livet. Med tanke på det rådande hälsoläget i Sverige och världen behöver långvarigt preventiva insatser sättas in i tidig ålder för att bekämpa utvecklingen av fetma. Salut-satsningen är ett exempel på en preventiv insats som syftar till att främja hälsa hos barn och ungdomar. Syfte: Att undersöka hur förstagångsmödrar upplever och uppfattar den information om hälsosamma matvanor som mödrahälsovården (MHV), barnavårdscentralen (BVC) och folktandvården ger inom Salut-satsningen. Metod: Kvalitativa semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer utfördes med 18 strategiskt utvalda förstagångsmödrar vars barn var i åldern ett till ett och ett halvt år.

The construction and real estate industry represents a significant part of Sweden's total impact on the environment and mainly affects the following national environmental objectives: reduced climate impact, a good built environment and a non-toxic environment. By establishing internal rules, companies within the industry can reduce their environmental impact. SMT (AB Sandvik Materials Technology), a part of the industrial group Sandvik AB, has set a target that during 2014 develop a guiding document with special consider to the environmental impact during construction of office buildings, that they establish at the Swedish regional capital Sandviken, for both internal and external tenants. This study therefore aims to clarify which environmental aspects that the construction and real estate sector mainly are responsible for, and therefore should be part of a guiding document for a company for establishing office buildings, and to present arguments regarding the use of such a document. The study is based on literature studies and personal contact with other companies, in the form of e-mail conversations and a telephone interview.

Our purpose has been to review and analyse the representation of rape, as well as discussions concerning rehabilitation, present in texts targeted at professionals and/or female victims of rape. We wish to investigate whether female victims of rape themselves are given the opportunity of individual positioning with regard to the crimes they have been exposed to. We consider it to be of relevance that female victims of rape themselves are given the opportunity to act, react and feel individually in the context in which they find themselves, without judgement or certain expectations on how to act being dealt to them from their surroundings. Our research questions have been as follows; what views of the phenomenon that is rape are presented in the texts? Do the texts apply any specific theoretical analysis aimed at the possible explanations of the phenomenon that is rape? In what ways do the texts present the significance of rape for the female rape victim? How are the victims feelings of disgrace, guilt and disgust with regard to rape explained, are these reactions linked to the understanding of female sexuality? How are methods of the rehabilitation of female rape victims presented in the texts? Do the texts render possible any other/varying subject positions as a female rape victim? To answer these research questions we have applied a critical discourse analysis on our selection of texts and thereafter made a connection to relevant theory.

Handledning och dess effekter har tidigare belysts inom såväl utbildnings- som yrkesprofessionella sammanhang. Handledning innebär reflektion över personligt upplevda arbetsrelaterade situationer och tidigare forskning inom området har visat att handledning kan stimulera till professionell och personlig utveckling. Vid bearbetandet av reflektioner i handledningen kan Orlandos omvårdnadsteori utgöra en lämplig grund. Teorin är en interaktionsteori, vilket innebär reflektion över vad som händer i det enskilda mötet mellan sjuksköterska-patient och den grundar sig på frågor som berör upplevelse, tanke, känsla och handling. Reflektion är ett centralt begrepp även i handledningsprocessen och likartade frågor bearbetas i mötet mellan handledare-handledda och kan väckas i mötet mellan chefmedarbetare. Syftet med detta arbete var att belysa huruvida handledning kan utgöra ett redskap som stärker och utvecklar ledarskapet hos första linjens chefer.

The main purpose of this essay is to study how classroom interaction can take place in a class for Second Language Learners (SLL).1 I have applied a case study methodology on a linguistic method used by a Teacher in Swedish as Second Language working on a primary school situated in the Southern suburbs of Stockholm. The learning method is based on extensive reading of books which comprehend several learning techniques organized into a process that support the development of linguistic skills such as discussing in a group, writing, reading and thinking in a second language. The methodology applied is based on observations, on an interview with a Teacher in Swedish as Second Language and on a questionnaire answered by 11 students that participated on ?Boksamtal?.Based on a theoretical framework about socio cultural theories on learning and scaffolding,2 I attempt to integrate theory and practice to investigate how the Teacher succeed on applying effective methods for second language learning. Through the analyses of the data is also my intention to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of such a method.

Energy issues are constantly increasing attention in today's society. People's impact on Earth isentered in more contexts. Many discussions are about how the entire social structure needs to bestreamlined in order to achieve sustainability. The residential and service sector accounts for 39 % oftoday's total energy consumption in Sweden and the increasing electricity prices have made buyersmore interested in energy issues.There are many buildings in need of refurbishment today, including all the apartments that werebuilt in the 1970s to reduce the housing shortage at the time. 650 000 apartments of one millionapartments were built during the so-called the one million program and is currently in need ofrefurbishment.

Green manuring is a way of creating an organic fertilizer by growing a crop that is mowed down. Besides the fertilizing effect this method has been shown to have a positive influ-ence on soil organic matter as well as weed flora, and green manure is an important me-thod of weed control in organic farming in parts of Sweden. However, the release of nu-trients from the green manure varies and can therefore be difficult to control. Risks for losses of nutrients are also present. Although the area of organic farmland is increasing in Sweden, the use of green manure is decreasing.This report contains a literature study which compiles research on the functions of green manure in a cropping system and also how the crop can be used if harvested, for example to produce biogas.