Turbulens är ett väderfenomen som har orsakat många olyckor och incidenter. Speciellt farligt är klarluftsturbulens eftersom fenomenet ej är synligt för blotta ögat, samt att det kan uppstå mycket plötsligt. Mycket pengar och resurser har lagts ned för att ta fram system som skall kunna detektera och automatiskt rapportera turbulens. Denna uppsats beskriver kortfattat hur några av dessa system fungerar samt hur systemen skall bidra till att piloter lättare skall kunna förbereda för eller undvika turbulens. Uppsatsen beskriver system för prognostisering, detektering och automatisk rapportering av turbulens med tyngdpunkt på klarluftsturbulens..

Commissioned for this report is Ramboll, Bridge and Tunnel Unit in Stockholm. Theidea throughout the work has been to primarily help bridge designers compilingadvice and instructions on how fatigue verification for railway bridges in reinforcedconcrete shall be performed under the new rules, the Eurocodes.After the introduction of the Eurocodes in 2011 has major problems emerged amongdesigners around Sweden. In some areas, it differs in the calculation rules comparedwith rules from the Swedish Transport Administration and the National Board ofHousing, Building and Planning calculation. Fatigue verification is one area where thenew calculation rules are different from the past.A large part of the report has been to interpret and find the relevant information inthe Eurocodes concerning fatigue. When questions or doubts have surfaced, this hasbeen discussed with Elisabeth Helsing at the Swedish Transport Administration andbridge designers at Ramboll.The result is a report where the structure is organized in the way that the bridgedesigners can move from cover to cover and realize that fatigue verification in realityfollows the same order as the report's sections.

The distance between home and work has increased in recent decades. By the development of infrastructure and public transport, jobs farther from home have become more accessible and this development has in turn increased commuting. Commuting travellers often pass over administrative boundaries which often serve as borders for public transport pricing. Also the market control prices. Research shows that travel times and costs significantly affect commuting choice.

Northeast Stockholm is a region developing fast. There is already a great need for new transport solutions for the people commuting to the city, since long queues slow down car traffic and the local railway, Roslagsbanan, needs to be upgraded to attract more travelers. The competitive advantage of rail?traffic over the car when it comes to greenhouse gases and air pollutants is another reason to develop Roslagsbanan.This report investigates the differences between car and train to create a basis for a proposed expansion of Roslagsbanan. Once the proposal is presented, costs, emissions reductions and public benefits are analyzed.

On the first of January 2012, a new public authority was formed in Värmland, due to a new legislation on public transport. The first task for the new public authority was to produce a plan for the development of public transport. In order to do so, it had to execute an extensive consultation process about the long-term goals of public transport. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how a public authority can use a consultation process as a means to clarify accountability and produce unified goals. To answer that, I have done a case study about how the new regional public authority in Värmland for public transport has acted in the process of writing a plan for the development of public transport.

This paper examines how and if the understanding of wedding photography has changed during the shift of technology - from analog to digital photography. It examines if the changed conditions due to the shift of technology have changed the habits and conditions for the photographers working with wedding photography. It furthermore examines what impact these habits and conditions have had on the pictures of weddings. The investigation is based on interviews of six photographers that have worked professionally before and after the shift of technology, as well as of pictures by the photographers taken before and after the shift of technology.Use of time and space has changed due to the shift of technology. The change has also had an influence on hierarchy among the photographers.

There are two groups of haulage contractors in roundwood transport , those who are contracted direct by the transport buyer and those who are connected to a freight company which in its turn is contracted by the transport buyer. Today the roundwood haulage is dominated by contractors with one to two lorries. The effort of coordinating transportation for a transport buyer is dependent on how many communication contacts that must be managed (how many individual haulage contractors the transport buyer has to work with). A structural change in the sector that leads to a decrease in the number of haulage contractors but an increase in the capacity of each contractor, makes it possible for a transport buyer to coordinate transports with fewer communication contacts. The reason why a company reaches a certain size can be explained by the number of contracts it makes and manages.

I Sverige sker cirka 2500 transporter av nyfödda barn varje år. Socialstyrelsen publicerade i slutet av år 2013 en ny vägledning ?Vård av extremt tidigt födda barn?. Ett av de områden som har prioriterats är neonatala transporter. Betydelsen av en väl fungerande transportorganisation är nödvändig för att skapa en säker och jämlik vård för denna patientgrupp.

Present master of science thesis has been carried out at the Swedish Road Administration consulting services (Vägverket Konsult) in Karlstad. The purpose of the study is to investigate how well the calculated drawdown of the groundwater table predicts the actual drawdown when the road and railway gates at the studied sites are built. For this purpose the groundwater levels at the three bridges were measured during 6 months. The bridges in question are two railway bridges situated in Ölme and Ulvåker and one road bridge crossing a pedestrian and cycling path in Lidköping.In Ölme the calculated area of influence was smaller than the measured one. It differed up to 30 meters, i.e.

The main environmental problem for aviation is the great amount of exhaust gases, mainly nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons - mostly "greenhouse gases" leading to climate changes. I decided to sort out what is being done to decrease these problems and what regulations there are concerning air pollution by the means of searching the internet and using publications from aviation authorities for current figures. I chose to scrutinize authorities on political, authority and company level, resulting in summarizing the work of UN and EU respectively, ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities) and LFV (Swedish Civil Aviation Authority), and finally SAS, representing the airline companies. Conclusion that I have drawn are thatthere are regulations for air pollution, written down in ICAO's Annex 16, that are to be followed. Secondly, LFV are environmentally controlling their nineteen airports and since economy is an important reason for not giving priority to environmental issues in aviation emission charge and noise charge are added to the landing fees.

Den 30:e september 1998 mottog Konkurrensverket ett klagomål ifrån Braathens Sverige AB, enligt vilket SAS (Scandinavian Airline System) anklagades för att på olika samverkans förfarande missbrukat sin dominerande ställning på den svenska inrikesflygmarknaden. Några veckor efter klagomålet från Braathens beslutade Konkurrensverket att avsluta klagomålsärendet och istället på eget initiativ pröva SAS förfarande. Den 12:e november 1999 beslutade Konkurrensverket att SAS inte fick tillämpa sitt Eurobonussystem på inrikeslinjerna där det fanns andra konkurrenter. I praktiken rörde det sig om linjerna Stockholm-Göteborg, Stockholm-Malmö samt Stockholm Sundsvall..

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar hur förvärvsarbetande människor i Gävle använder sig av bil och aktiv transport när de transporterar sig till destinationer inom staden. Tio personer, fem butiksbiträden och fem lärare, intervjuades angående deras transportvanor och resonemang kring valet av transportsätt.Resultatet visade att aktiv transport var det vanligaste transportsättet till arbete, träning och butiker i centrum medan bilen var det vanligaste transportsättet till mataffären och destinationer på längre avstånd från hemmet. Avståndet till destinationen, tiden det tar att transportera sig, transport av eventuella varor, bekvämlighet, intresse av motion och rekreation, årstid, väder samt synen på ekonomi och miljö var faktorer som påverkade om deltagarna valde att transportera sig med bil eller aktiv transport. Definitionen på de olika faktorerna varierade mellan deltagarna, vilket kan tyda på att det är den personliga uppfattningen om de olika faktorerna som avgör vilket transportsätt som väljs. Det framkom ingen märkbar skillnad i resvanor mellan deltagare med olika utbildning och arbete..

Msc in Logistics and Transport Management.

The purpose of this thesis is to inquire how a small town can be affected by some planned changes in the physical structure of the town, and how its inhabitants can benefit from those major changes. The town in question is Ulricehamn, and of the four projects considered, two concerns infrastructure. A new railway and a new locality for the major road, today passing through Ulricehamn. The other two projects are run by the local authorities, that is the planning of a modern town park by the lake, and a new public building for cultural purposes. There are no guarantees that any of the four projects will ever be realized, but in the process with this work, they have been considered as already a fact.

the most obvious problem at Traction today is the in-between handling that demands much time and resources. The reason is that the packages are not designed with handling in mind. Several of the packages of today also have a poor degree of utilization that means there is room for a fewer number of articles. That in turn means more packages, more transports, more storage space and more staff. On the basis of a specification of demands ? which take quality and environmental influence, as well as transport, handling and economy in account ? we have developed suggestions on new packages that will facilitate handling and lower the total costs, The time of handling will in some cases abbreviate to just a few seconds with the new packages.