Background: Every day patient´s get isolated in hospitals as a consequense of infection control purposes. Physical isolation can result in lack of human contact and a new unknown environment for the patient. Those two factors can easily cause stress within the patient and create anxiety for the future. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe patient´s experience of being nursed in an isolation room. Method: The method that was used was a literature research, where earlier research findings were read and put together.

The aim of this study is to investigate the view of literature that shines through in the Swedish curriculum for secondary school, Läroplan, examensmål och gymnasiegemensamma ämnen för gymnasieskola 2011. The idea is that this view of literature becomes visible when analyzing the curriculum?s ways of legitimating the teaching of literature and its relation to the use of a literary canon. The analysis compares the phrases from the curriculum regarding the teaching of literature and compares these phrases with the various literary visions that earlier scholars advocate. Based on these comparisons, discussions are raised about the pros and cons of the curriculum's ways of legitimating the teaching of literature and its relation to the use of a literary canon.

Under senare år har ett flertal reformer gjorts för att öka pressen på kommunerna att sköta sin ekonomiska hantering. Budgetuppföljning har hamnat i fokus för att hålla nere avvikelsen mellan resultat och budget. Syftet i uppsatsen är att ge en ökad förståelse för vad det är som påverkar budgetavvikelserna i de svenska kommunerna. I uppatsen används statistiska analyser av dels eget insamlat datamaterial för att hitta samband och förklaringar till hur budgetavvikelserna skiljer sig utifrån a) partiblocktillhörigheten hos de styrande i kommunen, b) hur stark den politiska makten är hos de styrande i kommunen, c) storleken på kommunen. Undersökningens resultat visar främst att en större folkmängd i kommunen generellt leder till ökade problem att följa budgeten och därmed är det dessa kommuner vi ska akta oss för att lita på när det gäller budgeten..

Why has some cyber-attacks been more successful than others? There has been in the near past examples of cyber-attacks used with different purposes. How do we understand these chosen targets and what result the attack accomplished?Research has discussed similarities between aviation warfare and cyber warfare, and how the first could explain what is happening in cyber warfare now. There is also opposing opinions whether cyber warfare should be seen as a method to alone force a will on your opponent or if cyber warfare should mere be supporting other military means.

Many corporations turn to IT-outsourcing to focus more on their core competence or to cut the IT-budget. There is one caveat, the costs presented at a first glance does not always present the entire truth. Instead the costs run deeper and so-called hidden costs exist beyond the contractual cost. Reducing these hidden costs may very well be crucial to the entire IT-outsourcing endeavor. However many firms are not aware of these costs and as such they have a reduced chance of success.

Syftet med denna fallstudie har varit att undersöka hur ledarskapet hos rektorer inom en utvald gymnasieskola påverkat visionsarbetet och möjligheten att skapa en lärande organisation. För att undersöka detta har tre forskningsfrågor ställts: Vilket ledarskap har rektorerna använt? Har rektorerna arbetat med en tydlig vision? Kan man utifrån rektorernas svar prata om en lärande organisation?Fallstudien har använt sig av intervjuer för att få svar på de tre forskningsfrågorna. Frågorna har ställts till sex rektorer som vid olika tillfällen under perioden 2003-2014 arbetat på den undersökta friskolan. Undersökningen har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod och en blandning av ett induktivt och deduktivt angreppssätt, det som kallas för abduktion.Resultatet har visat brister i det visionära ledarskapet hos rektorerna.

Under produktionstiden på en byggarbetsplats spelar uppföljningen av nedlagd tid under projektets gång en viktig roll. Dels för att kunna jämföra nedlagd tid mot tid enligt budget/kalkyl men även för att kunna reglera ÄTA-arbeten genom att kunna tidsätta dem.Inom ramarna för detta examensarbete skall ett hjälpmedel för denna typ av uppföljning tas fram. Hjälpmedlet skall byggas upp med hjälp av Excel och skall struktureras upp genom referenser, formler samt villkorsstyrd formatering. Denna Excel-fil skall kunna användas i olika typer av projekt och skall efter rådande projektstruktur anpassas därefter.Delarna som hjälpmedlet skall kunna fungera som stöd till vid tidsättning av ÄTA-arbeternas omfattning, vid löneadministration samt totalt nedlagda tider på olika arbetsmetoder/material.

 Since the 28thof May the project to develop an internal Innovation Leadership Program (ILP)on Accenture has been running and came to an end in November the same year. The taskwas formed into a master thesis and given to two students at the Royal Institute ofTechnology in Sweden.Since the start the content and structure of the ILP has been established based on the resultsof a theoretical study, a gap analysis and an external and internal benchmarking. The theoreticalstudy focused on articles, books and lectures about innovation, creativity and pedagogy. Subjectssuch as leadership, motivation, reflection and coaching were studied as well, but in a smaller scale.The gap analysis consisted of eleven interviews with people from different career levels withinAccenture and the goal was to establish the view of innovation and creativity among the employees.The interviews also asked about the knowledge the participants had about Technology Lab in orderto get insight of how to improve their communication and cooperation with people in client projects.Internally a similar program was studied called Minority Leadership program, whom will not bedescribed further in this report, to get inspiration. The external benchmarking was conducted onStanford and was very successful.

Problem: What are the characteristics of Polykemi?s management control system and how is it affected by growth? Purpose: To describe and analyse the management control system of a medium-sized family-owned company from the perspective of Simons? Levers of control. Research design: An abductive, interview-based case study of Polykemi AB. Conclusion: Polykemi?s management control system is primarily a traditional one which is rather strong in terms of Levers of control.

Municipalities must establish budget annually but they are free to decide how the governance should be designed, this can lead to lack of consistency and measurability within and between municipalities. The purpose of this thesis was to present a proposal for a unified and more measurable financial structure of a municipality where this was lacking. In our theory we describe the issues of traditional management control and we introduce an alternative control with non-financial ratios included, called the Balanced Scorecard. In the empirical data it is investigated how the governance of a municipality could be designed, according to the respondents. In the analysis the information gathered to reach the answers to what are considered to be useful governance in municipality, are examined. In the conclusion, we design Balanced Scorecards with both financial and non-financial ratios to the councils of the municipality..

The gathered texts and letters from Ali Ibn Abi Talib, found in the book Nahjul Balagha,constitute one of the most important writings of Shiite Islam, next the hadits and the Quran.Imam Ali´s ethics and moral approach in Nahjul Balagha, is considered by imam Ali, to beseen as a guideline for both individual purposes as for any kind of governance. The esotericteachings, about truth and justice in Nahjul Balagha, should therefore probably have been of agreat concern to Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic revolution.This essay will from an deductive approach, on a relatively contemporary historic event, try toanalyze Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini´s interpreting on imam Ali´s texts and preaching inNahjul Balagha. The Islamic revolution, as the Islamic Republic of Iran, led by AyatollahKhomeini, was confirmed as both brutal and violent. My ambition in this essay, will there forconcern a possible interpreting on justice and political rule, from Ayatollah Khomeini and theIslamic Republic of Iran, on imam Ali´s teachings in Nahjul Balagha..

The aim of this Master thesis is to analyse the interaction in between reading and writing based on young writers experience. My approach was to investigate how writersread literature and how they look upon their reading in relation to their own writing.Seven young people has been interviewed in this qualitative study, based a theory about their reading and reading habits. They were asked questions about reading habits and theirview upon the connection between reading and their own writing.Previous studies of Swedes´ reading habits prove that relaxation and pleasure are the most common reasons for literary reading. This differs from the present study, where my findings shows that writing people, more than other, read literature, in the way people in general read non-fiction. That is with a purpose beyond the actual ?situation of reading?.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether and how nine teachers of special education for older students, primarily at Upper secondary school, consider the smartphone an appropriate pedagogical means of assistance to improve participation and to support students with special education needs within and outside the school environment. Theory: The theoretical framework for the study is the sociocultural perspective on learning. The sociocultural perspective is related to the relational perspective and sociocultural learning theory involves learning and participation in school. It views the human being as socially active within a certain historical and cultural context which actively influences the way we act, how we learn and develop through interaction with others in the social, everyday practice. The latter is of vital importance here.

The purposes of this thesis is study the European Court of Justice from a non legal perspective and investigate the courts possibility to advance its own preferred goals rather that of the member states in cases of non-compliance. Drawing on general principal-agent theory I construct a model from which I derive certain hypothesis mainly about under what circumstances we should expect the Court to be more sensitive to member states preferences and under what circumstances we should expect the Court to be less sensitive. These hypotheses are then tested empirically against all cases of non-compliance initiated by the European Commission against member states between 1953-2000. The results from the study are rather positive. The most important result is that when the threat of sanctions against the Court increases so does the Courts sensitiveness to member states preferences and when it decreases so does the Courts sensitiveness..

Det finns lite forskning kring förskollärares upplevelse av trivsel och arbetstillfredsställelse och därför syftade den här studien till att undersöka det hos förskollärare från två nybildade arbetslag. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats med en tematisk analysmetod genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer och öppna observationer. Resultatet visade att aspekter som påverkade positivt var känsla av upprymdhet i att gå till arbetet, glädje i att vara med barnen och trygghet i arbetslagen. Aspekter som påverkade negativt var stress, tidsbrist och frustration över saker de inte kunde kontrollera. Deras arbetsmiljö skulle förbättras om de negativa aspekterna reducerades och om de fick göra de förändringar de önskade.