In this examination paper I?m using the qualitative method: phenomenographic analysis to present twenty educated and working pre-school teachers opinions about being outdoors in Swedish pre-school. The purpose is to describe the variation between different pre-school teachers? opinions, not to focus on wrong or right.    The paper starts with a review over the opinions presented by the literature on the subject.

Forskningen om det psykologiska kontraktet a?r ofta oka?nd i organisationer som anva?nder sig av ma?l- och prestationsstyrning (Petersitzke, 2009). Denna studies syfte var att underso?ka med- arbetares upplevelser av ma?l- och prestationsstyrning relaterad till inneha?llet i deras psykologiska kontrakt. Ma?l- och prestationsstyrning underso?ktes utifra?n ma?ltydlighet och feedback respektive psykologisk empowerment.

This study aimed to describe children?s experience of living with overweight or obesity, by using a literature-review. The study includes eleven articles, data is from children between ages 5-15 year. The result occurring were in the areas; Quality of life and self-esteem, Social company, Body concept and weight reduction and Psychological unhealth. BMI above what is recommended gives a negative influence on quality of live and self-esteem.

Barnpsykologiska utredningar har blivit allt vanligare. En viktig del av en utredning är återgivningen då resultaten delges föräldrarna. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka föräldrars upplevelse av en återgivning med fokus på relationen till utredaren, validering, invalidering, samt emotioner i förhållande till upplevelsen av att ha fått ny förståelse för barnet. Studien är en tvärsnittsstudie med 33 deltagare. Resultaten visar att positiva emotioner och invalidering är de bästa prediktorerna för i vilken grad föräldrarna upplever att de får ny förståelse.

AbstractThe phonics is traditionally firmly established within reading acquisition in Swedish schools. The curriculum, Lpo 94 gives spacious independence regarding the question of method and we have to be aware of our own point of view when we are making the decision regarding the method of reading acquisition. Is it tradition or is it our linguistic point of view that is the determining factor? Through this study of literature, different publications from different times are being studied and the ideas and the linguistic point of view are being discussed. Through comparing between the curriculums that have been replaced of one another, and attending to linguistic discussion and research, we will be able to see a change in the linguistic point of view.

With a religious Psychological perspective this paper focuses on how religion is communicated during an investigation, and how religion might include in the decisions and the implementation of committed honor killings. This study pinpoints the question if it´s reasonable to unilaterally declare honor killings with culture, which is based on a distinction between culture and religion. The study is done on a court case where the offender confessed to a murder that is categorized as a so-called honorable motives. The material consists of interrogation reports during the investigation and several notes written by the offender before the murder. With a broad definition of religion the text material is analyzed with the theory of attribution.

Stratego is a boardgame not very different from chess, that contains hidden information. Because of this, existing programs play at beginner level. The purpose of this thesis is to adjust a minimax algorithm so that it passes the demands of Stratego, and then build a Stratego agent around it. Tests with existing minimax algorithms leads to the development p-e-minimax. This algorithm uses two different values in its nodes to simulate the different information available to the agent and its opponent.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att fördjupa sig i begreppet psykologiska kontrakt. Vilka är de outtalade och underförstådda förväntningarna och löftena som finns mellan arbetstagare och arbetsgivare på en arbetsplats? Hur ser arbetet ut för att åskådliggöra skyldigheter och förväntningar och vad sker när dessa inte uppfylls?Sex deltagare från sex olika organisationer intervjuades. För att få olika perspektiv på det psykologiska kontraktet intervjuades både arbetsgivare och arbtestagare.Resultaten visade att arbetsgivare och -tagare hade en samstämmig uppfattning av vad som förväntas av dem och vad de förväntar sig att få i utbyte. Dessa förväntningar och skyldigheter diskuteras framförallt på utvecklings- eller medarbetarsamtal.

The purpose of this study in the psychology of religion is to explore the process of an individual?s shift in orienting system, from a religious to an atheistic. The materials used are autobiographical accounts obtained from two books. One that has been used as a primary source and one as a secondary. By using Rambo?s process oriented theory of religious conversion relevant themes and categories were chosen and later subjected to further analysis using Pargament?s theory of religion and coping.

A study by Gulistan Kavak has been done about the therapy school, Liljanschool. The school handles children between the ages seven and twelve who suffer from psychosocial problems. These psychosocial problems may be the children?s? experiences of Psychological trauma, attachment-difficulties and anxiety. Therapists, teachers, educators and medical professionals work at Liljanschool. The purpose of this thesis is to see how parents see their children?s? development at the school from there very first day until there last. Three questions have been formulated: How do parents of the children understand the development of the therapy that Liljanschool contributes with? How do the parents think that the school situation has been for their children? Do the school staff´s views and the parent´s views differ regarding cooperation between staff, parents and children?I have done a qualitative study.  In-depth interviews were conducted with the staff of the school and the children?s parents. The results show that the majority of respondents were positive about the school. The analysis shows that through the extension-theory, the children and parents have developed together.

Antal förändringar, arbetsrelaterade krav, arbetsrelaterad kontroll samt psykologiska kontrakt är alla faktorer som har kopplats samman med psykisk hälsa på arbetsplatsen vid organisationsförändringar. Dessa variablers gemensamma och unika innebörd för psykisk hälsa har i denna studie mätts i form av en enkätundersökning, där 84 anställda deltog varav 16 var kvinnor. Syftet var att belysa hur den psykiska hälsan hos de anställda vid en svensk myndighet såg ut efter de förändringar som myndigheten genomgått, samt klargöra de ovan nämnda faktorernas koppling till en god respektive dålig psykisk hälsa. Resultatet visade att de anställda överlag tycktes ha en god psykisk hälsa och att alla de undersökta variablerna med undantag för antal förändringar och arbetsrelaterad kontroll visade en samvariation med psykisk hälsa. Studien ger underlag till förslag över faktorer som kan beaktas inför kommande förändringar inom organisationer..

This study has a qualitative approach and deals with difficult issues that arise in connection to male violence against women in close relations. The purpose of this study is to bring clarity to why women stay in violent relationships. I have been studying two leading theories, one called the Normalization Process of Violence represented by Eva Lundgren (sociology and theology). The other leading theory is the Neutralization of Violence represented by Margareta Hydén (fil dr and leg psycho therapeut).I have also studied the fight between these two theories for the leading position in the research on male violence against women. Eva Lundgren presents her theory through a structural perspective.

The workplace has a direct impact on the physical, Psychological, economic and social well-being of the workers. A healthy workplace leads to increased health among the employees which also makes the employees more productive (Källestål, 2004). A poor working environment can have negative consequences for individuals, companies and society (SOU, 2009:47).This is a qualitative study that investigates companies? view of health promotion and how they practice health promotion in working life. Five private and five public companies, with representatives from the management were interviewed.

Due to the well-developed rhetoric and the relative easiness to estimate costs, cost considerations are usually more in-depth than revenue considerations when discussing strategies impact on profitability. To avoid dysfunctional companies and poorly judged strategy decisions it is necessary to develop the rhetoric of revenue considerations.By collecting data from 230 respondents in a quantitative study of two grocery stores in Mora, the study aimed to assess the relationship between choice of generic strategy and self-reported buying behavior, considering differing decision-making processes of customers.The results of the study indicate that a differentiation strategy performs better than a low-cost strategy in terms of buyer frequency, number of goods and cost of purchase. However, due to a poor data collection method, the results are weak, and should therefore be questioned. The study indicates that reliability considerations for behavioral measures should be treated in the same respect as Psychological measures, and therefore illuminates the need for new methods and measures to be developed..

The aim of this thesis is to discuss and analyse the media debate about feminist self-defence, by pointing out the pros and the cons. The arguments in favour could be separated into three different parts: statistical arguments, Psychological arguments and justice arguments. The counter arguments could also be separated into three parts: general arguments, violence-related arguments and gender-related arguments. In short, feminist self-defence is built on women's experiences of men's violence. It contains three different parts to help women avoid violence, threat of violence, insult and sexual harassment.