This thesis focuses on the problems involving immigrants and their voting behaviour in Sweden. We presuppose that immigrants vote in a far less extent than Swedish citizen according to general statistics. We try to explain and give solutions to this problem. To our help we use both integration theory focusing on multiculturalism and electoral participation theories.Starting off in these two theories, we have further analyzed a number of policies issued to solve the participation dilemma. The policies were issued in order to elevate the socio-economic standards, inform citizens and close the distance between voters and politicians.Our results show that what work best is long term ventures aiming at integrating immigrants to the Swedish society.

Problemformulering: Swapspreaden undersöks i flertalet studier, i bland annat USA, Japan och Australien. Dessa studier påvisar åtskilliga förklaringar till swapspreaden, men de olika empiriska studierna, baserade på olika marknader, finner inte samma förklaringar. Vi ställer oss därför frågan om samma förklaringsfaktorer finns till den svenska swapspreaden. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka huruvida de förklarings-faktorer som påvisats i tidigare, utländska studier även förklarar swapspreaden i Sverige. Metod: Vår studie är av kvantitativ karaktär med ett hypotetiskt-deduktivt angreppssätt.

This paper studies the research foundations created in 1994 from the former wage earners? funds out of a portfolio management point of view. Firstly it describes the seven largest foundations and their different portfolio management structures. Secondly it analyses the performance of these foundations measured as the intercept, Jensen?s a, in a linear regression of the excess returns of a portfolio versus a proxy for the market, as well as the Sharpe-ratio.

The aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of howsocial contacts can serve as information sources for pregnantwomen. Furthermore, we wanted to examine how women?scontext influences their information seeking and the barriers thatcan occur during information seeking. The theoretical frameworkis founded on Tom Wilson's model of information needs as contextdependent, and Pamela J. McKenzie's model of informationpractices in accounts of everyday-life information seeking.

Vi tillämpar en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie för att undersöka huruvida informationskvaliteten inom finansiella rapporter påverkar bolagens kostnad för räntebärande kapital. Redovisningsforskning och finansteori hävdar att informationskvalitet ? det vill säga osäkerheten i värderingsestimat för en underliggande tillgång ? medför en informationsasymmetri för långivare, vars prissatta osäkerhet påverkar bolagens kostnader för räntebärande kapital utöver standardriskfaktorer. Vi bygger vidare på antagandet genom att studera noterade europeiska affärsbanker. Ett icke-sannolikhetsurval tillämpas för att mer specifikt adressera de största affärsbankerna under studiens valda tidsperiod 2009-2011.

This study in political science examines the UN adopted resolution 1970 (2011) andresolution 1973 (2011) on the basis of foreign policy decision-making. The study aims toexplain how the UN principle of Responsibility to Protect came to be legitimized for the firsttime by the UN Security Council in the Libya conflict in 2011. By a poliheuristic perspectivethe study attempt to explain Russia and China?s acting in the voting of resolution 1970 andresolution 1973. The background to the conflict in Libya 2011 is presented in the study aswell as the Security Council?s actions during the conflict, from the beginning of the conflictuntil the adoption of resolution 1973.

The tradition of a strong church ruling in the Swedish society ages back to the very first start of Christianity reaching the country.  Due to the separation between the church and state in 2000 in Sweden, there have been a lot of changes. No longer would the church be able to influence the politics as it had been able to do before. Since Sweden is a democratic country, the decision had to be made in a voting amongst the parties. The purpose with this paper is to understand the argumentation made by the Swedish parties Socialdemokraterna, Kristdemokraterna and Centerpartiet. This has been made using a text analysis, which studies the argumentations made by the parties in their motions.

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe which messages and by which rhetorical means were communicated in political TV-advertisement in Finland and Sweden. The study also aims to analyze how the rhetorical choices were influenced by the political and social context in these countries.Material: Two TV-commercials from the latest parliamentary elections in each country were chosen. The leading left-wing and right-wing parties were chosen from each country.Theoretical perspective: This study is based on theories on political parties? vote maximization and the development of the modern electoral campaign.Methodology: The method used in this study is rhetorical analysis.Results: All commercials had similar themes and were characterized by a low level of conflict. This is related to the common Nordic context in the two countries.

TV-apparater och kringutrustningar a?r numera ofta Internetanslutna och har inbyggda webbla?sare som fungerar som en plattform fo?r HTML5- applikationer med JavaScript, vilket har lett till att utbudet av applikat- ioner som finns tillga?ngliga pa? dessa plattformar o?kat explosivt de senaste a?ren. Tyva?rr lider dock ma?nga av da?lig prestanda med avseende pa? datao?- verfo?ring och anva?ndargra?nssnittet upplevs ofta som segt eftersom ha?rd- varan inte kan ma?ta sig med en modern dator. Det ha?r examensarbetet underso?ker vad som kan optimeras pa? na?rverkssidan.

Bakgrund: Enligt flera studier finns det inte någon skillnad i prevalens av smärta mellan personer med nedsatt kognitiv förmåga och äldre som själv kan skatta smärta.Syfte: Var att undersöka hur vårdpersonalen vid särskilt boende skattade smärta hos äldre med och utan kognitiv nedsättning och hur den äldre själv skattade sin smärta samt vad som kännetecknade smärta hos den äldre. Metod: En beskrivande och jämförande design med kvantitativ ansats. Smärtan bedömdes av sjuksköterskor och vårdpersonal med hjälp av VAS-skalan (Proxy-VAS). Under interventionstiden skattades alla äldre med Doloplus-2 av vårdpersonalen därefter skattade de äldre som själv kunde bedöma sin smärta med VAS-skalan.Resultat: Resultaten visar att vårdpersonalen har en tendens att skatta de äldre med mer smärta än vad de äldre själv anser att de har (61.3%). Med proxyVAS har vårdpersonalen skattat att 83.8% av de äldre hade symtom på smärta och 73.3% med Doloplus-2.

This essay in economic geography describes what intra-firm trade as a concept is and different ways to determine in which cases trade is to be labeled as intra-firm trade (IFT) or not. The method used by the author is most easily described as descriptive. This method was chosen in order to test if existing theories; classic and neoclassic economics, new trade theory and international business studies, are capable to explain the phenomena of IFT. The theories are tested trough primary and secondary literature but also trough reasoning by the author.The conclusion is that the most reasonable way to determine whether trade occurs intra-firm or not, is to decide upon a 5-% rule where it when one part owns 5-% of the voting strength in the other company is to be considered intra-firm trade. This is a conclusion based on several reasons; the strongest one being that a common view on IFT could boost comparative studies as the U.S already collects data based on the 5-% rule.Classic and neoclassic economics are incapable of explaining IFT as aprerequisite for these theories is that markets are perfect.

IFRS infördes obligatoriskt i EU år 2005 och syftade till en kvalitetsförbättring av de finansiella rapporterna, samt ökad jämförbarhet mellan dem. Frågetecken kvarstår dock angående IFRS påverkan på ekonomin. Syftet med vår studie är därför att undersöka hur kvaliteten förändras i utvecklade länder, som är starkt genomdrivande, och mindre utvecklade länder, som är svagt genomdrivande, inom EU vid införandet av IFRS. Konservatism används i undersökningen som proxy för kvalitet. Både den betingade och den obetingade konservatismen studeras då båda inverkar på kvaliteten i redovisningen.

PROFINET är en öppen standard för industriellt Ethernet, som uppfyller alla behov inom automation. PROFINET gör det möjligt att koppla in det befintliga fältbussystemet, till exempel PROFIBUS utan att det behöver ändras, genom ett så kallat proxy. PROFINET finns i två utförande PROFINET IO och PROFINET CBA, där IO är en decentral lösning och CBA är en komponentbaserad lösning. PROFINET använder sig av tre olika kommunikationskanaler för att skicka och ta emot data. Detta gör att företag successivt kan gå över till PROFINET utan större omkostnader som det skulle innebära om hela anläggningen skulle behöva byggas om.

The question of direct citizen participation in politics and administration is a contestable one. Its proponents claim that it has positive consequences even for the more "traditional", representative democracy, since participation leads to an increased political knowledge and increased political interest, and thus creates a revitalised democracy. Critical voices have however been raised to the validity of this claim. Critics have also pointed out direct participation as problematic, because it leads to problems of political inequality: a difference of political influence between ? on the one hand, the citizens participating directly and those that restrict their political participation to voting, and ? on the one the other hand ? between the institutions, for example schools, that employ, and don?t employ this method of direct citizen influence.In this essay, these two points of criticisms are tested in the context of user-boards in elementary and secondary schools.

In 1929, the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory was established in Chicago?the first of its kind in the United States. The purpose was to engage in practical use of scientific methods in the detection of crime. In 1930, the institute published its own periodical called The American Journal of Police Science. Applying the theory of boundary-work, this essay analyses how the novelty institute argued its legitimacy as a scientific establishment through the expansion of Police Science as a collective field of knowledge.