The aim of this study is to find a method to incorporate the energydemand of a building in the investment cost estimate.The study is based on an actual apartment block. The significant energyaspects are identified, and changed to more energy efficient options.These are then simulated using the energy calculation program VIP+.The calculated energy need is used in the investment cost estimate, andthe simulated alternatives are compared in regards to their economicalprofitability.Depending on the focus, different alternatives are the most advantageous.Since this study aims to show which alternative is the mosteconomically profitable, the annual profit is the parameter of mostimportance. This means that individual measuring of heating and hotwater use is the recommended change of the original house. A changeof the windows to new ones with a U-value of 1,0 as well as 0,8W/m2K also results in a positive change of the annual profit comparedto the original house..

In this diploma work the approach of determining the required amount of reinforcement in slabs exposed to pure tension is processed, on behalf of Ramböll Uppsala. It is a well-known problem in the industry that there are uncertainties in the determining of the amount of crack reinforcement, especially for structures exposed to pure tension. Cracking caused during the time of dehydration in concrete slabs is the most common defect according to statistics made by CBI[1], which provides numbers as high as 35 % of all the defects caused on slabs are generated by cracks. Comparisons between Sweden's former national standard BBK 04, Building Regulations for concrete structures due to restrained forces of shrinkage, and the current European standard Eurocode 2 are carried out through theoretical studies and concludes with several examples of calculations. Rigorous calculations of both standards, BBK 04 and Eurocode 2 with application of the national annex in Sweden and Denmark are performed.

Nordic Summer Evening is a theoretical painting, today an important icon of Nordic art from the turn of the century. The purpose of this essay is to analyse the painting, and to investigate and identify its declaration of program, and in a wider context, the emergence of a program of the nationalistic art at the turn of the last century. The essay also investigates how the painting has become more popular throughout the century, and why Americans tend to see the painting as an exposé over a quarrel, filled with sexual tension, while Swedes tend to make a point out of the harmony and stillness of the painting..

pcSKOG-gård is a computerised manager plan for private forest owners, developed by the pcSKOG AB. The program is based on forest stand data, joined with a map of the forest and GIS-applications. The purpose is to offer a program for private forest owners managing the forest and with the possibility of updating the actual status of the forest. The company pcSKOG AB is the leading producer of programs for forest management and has developed the program since 1997. The program is currently the most common program used by private forest owners in Sweden. The aim of this thesis, leading to MSc in forestry, is to investigate the purpose of the private forest owners when purchasing the pcSKOG-gård. The thesis also studies how private forest owners use the program, what they use it for and how the private forest owners state that the program has achieved to fulfil their expectations. The thesis is also a market research concerning the knowledge and attitudes the private forest owners have about the program and associated services. The study material has been collected during two phases.

Uppsatsen behandlar segregation inom den svenska skolan, något som politiker en gång ville förändra och därmed genomförde grundskolereformen 1962. Ämnesområdet behandlas i en lärobok i samhällskunskap från 1980-talet och är utgångspunkt för denna studie. Syftet är att undersöka om mönstret från utred-ningen som läroboken refererar till även kan skönjas på den kommunala gymnasieskolan i X-kommun i dag, d.v.s. i vilken grad föräldrars yrke påverk-ar deras ungdomar att välja gymnasieskolans teoretiska program. Studien bygger på en surveyundersökning där en enkät gått ut till elever på gymnasiets studieförberedande- och yrkesförberedande program.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational and vocational guidance, refer-only high school students tend to stay on their first selected program or to change the program. The theories used in the study deals with young people's choices and choosing education and vocational and life role as a student. The method was quantitative, descriptive survey. High school students in grades three, from two high schools, were asked to answer a questionnaire about perceived educational and vocational guidance. Convenience sample consisted of 162 respondents (N = 162), 86 women and 76 men.

Aktivitetsgarantin är ett arbetsmarknadspolitiskt program som startades i Sverige den första augusti år 2000. I den här uppsatsen skattas aktivitetsgarantins effekt på sannolikheten att erhålla arbete. För att utvärdera den genomsnittliga effekten används en matchningsestimator eftersom programmet inte hade en experimentell utformning. De empiriska resultaten är något varierande, men ett entydigt stöd för att deltagande i aktivitetsgarantin medför ökad sannolikhet till arbete är svårt att finna. Däremot visar det sig att om arbetslösheten fortgår under åtminstone 6 månader efter samplingsperioden hittas positiva effekter av deltagande i aktivitetsgarantin..

Vi har gjort en undersökning genom att använda oss av litteraturstudier och sexton intervjuer. Vi har intervjuat personal på fyra olika gymnasieskolor. Studiens respondenter arbetar med elever som har läs- och skrivsvårigheter/dyslexi. I studien har vi undersökt om elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter/dyslexi går på individuellt program eller om dessa elever är integrerade på nationella program och om elever får de kompensatoriska hjälpmedel de behöver i undervisningen. Resultatet av vår kvalitativa undersökning visar att de flesta gymnasieelever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter/dyslexi är integrerade på nationella program.

With today´s power uprates in BWR reactors the bundle lift force has become aproblem. The lift force is calculated using a best estimate approach and the resultfrom the calculation should pass the existing lift force margin. Lift force margin isdefined so that the lift force may not exceed 80 % of the fuel weight. The margin issupposed to cover all the uncertainties that exist in the lift force calculations.However, no uncertainty analysis has been conducted to quantify the uncertainties.In this report the uncertainties in the lift force model have been quantified. Each inputparameter to the lift force model which has been assumed to have an uncertainty isassigned a probability distribution.

The aim with this study was to collect fundamental information, and to plan, a windpower farm in Juddhult , Småland in southern Sweden. The goal is to collect the bestavailable projecting planning support. The pieces of this projecting planning supportthat will be presented is; Environmental Consequence Description (MKB), productioncalculations, comparisons between different plant types, economic calculations, evaluatethe economy and give some farm design suggestions. The imagined wind farm will belocated in forest environment and which may cause a number of new problems. Specialinterest that will be affected, where special consideration because of the forestenvironmental is requested is, hunting, wetlands, ancient monuments and windturbulence.

The agriculture is today in a development that leads to bigger and bigger units in the primary production. To be able to follow this development many companies chooses to cooperate in different ways. The most radical change is when farmers fuses with other farmers and merge into to a big collectively owned operation firm. The reason behind this idea is that the firms achieve the big companies advantages by being complement to each other. The purpose of this essay is to make an economic analysis of two crop production companies who works together in an operation firm.

In the spring of 2014 Sweco Systems AB were commissioned to design a ventilation system for a newly built preschool in Linköping. Terms from the client was that it cost efficiency would cope with the energy demands that are placed on the building. The unit chosen was a cross-flow heat exchanger, and this work is to compare it with two other heat exchangers to see if a more energy and cost efficient could have been chosen. The heat exchangers that was chosen for the comparison was a rotating- and a counterflow heat exchanger. Simulations have been made to the different heat exchangers by the manufacturers.

Huvudsyftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka effekterna av aggressionsersättningsträning (ART) program på tre kriminalvårdsanstalter och två frivårdskontor. Huvudfrågeställningen som belyses i studien är: förändras deltagarna i ART-program med avseende på empati och attityder till kriminalitet? För att besvara dessa frågor har vi utfört för- och eftertester på tre kriminalvårdsanstalter och två frivårdskontor. Instrumenten som användes i testerna är Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) och Mill's Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA).Slutsatserna som kan dras utifrån denna studie är att den emotionella empati-komponenten "personal distress" visar en minskning som kan förklaras av interaktionen med ART.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Aggression Replacement Training (ART) program in some of the prisons and probation authorities of the Swedish correctional system. The specific questions we are trying to answer are: (1) does ART-program change the clients' empathic concern and (2) does ART-program help in changing participants' attitudes towards criminality? This investigation is based on a quantitative inquiry consisting of Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) tests.The overall results of this study indicate that the emotional empathy-component "personal distress" shows a statistically significant reduction, which can be explained by the interaction with ART..

Många städer vill utveckla vattenkontakt, tillgängliggöra och öka den urbana vattenkvaliteten. Gatukontorets programenhet i Malmö stad beslutade 2012 att ett program för stadens kanal skulle tas fram. Jag blev involverad i detta arbete och beslutade mig för att även skriva mitt examensarbete om detta ämne. Målet med uppsatsen är tredelat; att ta fram ett program för Malmös kanal, att beskriva och reflektera över programmet, samt att föra en bredare diskussion kring urbant vatten. De metoder jag använt mig av för att färdigställa arbetet har varit inventering, analys, intervjuer, arkiv- och kartstudier, litteraturstudier, workshop samt en form av introspektiv efterreflektion. Resultatet har blivit ett program för utveckling av Malmös kanalrum, samt en beskrivning och reflektion av programskrivandet, dess kontext och arbetsprocess samt en reflektion kring urbant vatten. Frågan om stadens relation till vattnet är ytterst aktuell, dels för att vattnets och och de angränsande stadsrummens värde som rekreationsområden och sociala arenor ökat markant, men även för de utmaningar vi står inför med klimatförändringar och en höjd havsnivå. Att genom planeringsdokument hitta välgrundade och framsynta förhållningssätt är en viktig pusselbit..

The purpose of this case study is to examine and analyze CEO: s and the sales departments incentive program of the case company. Also to find out if the present incentive program is effective.The survey is a case study where a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach has been used. Relevant Theories is applied on the empirical material..