Bakgrund: I många idrotter såsom innebandy används vanligen statisk stretching (SS) som en del av uppvärmningen i tron om att öka prestation trots att statisk stretching har visat sig ha negativ inverkan på aktiviteter som involverar styrka, power, sprint och agility.Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om olika stretchmetoder SS, dynamisk stretching (DS) och ingen stretching (IS) som en del av uppvärmningen påverkade agility och/eller rörelseomfång (ROM) i hamstring hos manliga innebandyspelare i superelitligan och om en eventuell effekt varade upp till 10 min in i testtillfället.Metod: Vid tre testtillfällen testades de olika stretchmetoderna (SS, DS och IS) efter avslutad uppvärmning. Alla tre stretchmetoderna utfördes vid varje testtillfälle efter randomiserad ordning på tre olika grupper. Agility och rörlighet testades med T-test (s) och passive straight leg raise test (o) vid 0 min, 5 min och 10 min efter avslutad stretching. Totalt 9 testpersoner slutförde studien.Resultat: Vid både 0 min och 5 min efter avslutad stretching noterades bäst tid på T-test (s) efter DS (10,20 ± 0,98 samt 9,92 ± 0,49). Vid 10 min noterades bäst tid efter IS (9,68 ± 0,16).

The purpose of this study is to look at the line extensions of the Swedish dairy company Skånemejerier. We have chosen to focus on how trends in ecological products and Functional Food influence the line extensions. The competition in the food sector have made it harder for companies to be seen in the market area and the companies have to make their brands more visible. That is one of the reasons why companies work with line extensions. The study is based on a qualitative approach because we wanted to come closer to our subject in order to establish a greater understanding for the case itself.

A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line) is a catheter that is inserted through a peripheral vein in the arm and then on to a central vein in the chest. It is used to give injections and infusions and to take blood samples of patients who need treatment for longer periods.The aim of this study was to investigate nurses' perceived knowledge of the care and use of PICC line in wards where PICC line does not occur daily. The aim was also to investigate if the nurses expressed a need and wished for more knowledge to be able to use PICC line, and if PICC line is not used investigate the cause of that.The study was of a descriptive design with quantitative approach. An online survey was answered by 40 nurses from five wards at a university hospital in central Sweden.A large number of the nurses who responded to the survey reported that they lacked knowledge of the care and use of PICC line. Despite this, three-quarters of the nurses usually use PICC line at the infusion / injection / blood tests on patients with PICC line, if they are cared for in their ward.

Bakgrund: En stram muskel kan orsaka ett försämrat rörelsemönster som i sin tur kan vara orsaken till skada, detta kan dock motverkas genom stretching (töjning). Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur och om rörelseökning i hamstringsmuskulaturen skedde genom töjning med KAT-metoden respektive statisk töjning under en töjningsperiod på tre veckor. Metod: Förloppet kring stretching av hamstringsmuskulaturen undersöktes genom töjning varannan dag under 10 interventionstillfällen. Studien genomfördes som en Single-Subject Experimental Design (SSED). Baseline och withdrawalmätningar grundlades där inga töjningar utfördes.

Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilken effekt styrketräning, rörlighetsträning, stretching och manuell terapi i form av ledmobilisering och mjukdelsmobilisering har på smärta, funktion och rörlighet i skulderleden hos patienter med subakromiellt impingementsyndrom samt att granska graden av evidens för dessa behandlingsmetoder.Metod: Litteratursökning utfördes i databaserna PubMed, SportDiscus och PEDro. Detta resulterade i 156 publikationer, varav 15 granskades enligt PEDro-metoden.Resultat: Styrketräning av rotatorcuffen och scapulastabilisatorer utfördes i dragapparat, med elastiskt band och hantlar. Evidensen för styrketräning var stark för att lindra vilovärk och förbättra skulderfunktionen. Stretching var en behandling som gjordes avseende bakre ledkapseln, främre ledkapseln, rotatorcuffmusklerna, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoideus samt övre delen av trapezius. Måttligt stark evidens fanns för styrketräning kombinerad med stretching av bakre ledkapseln för att lindra nattlig värk och förbättra skulderfunktionen.

Eftersom kroppen anpassas efter de krav vi ställer på den och vår inaktiva livsstil i västvärlden ställer allt längre krav, formas också vår kropp och fysik utefter detta.Inaktivitet och monotona rörelser dominerar idag många arbeten, stillasittande arbete med armarna framför kroppen under långa perioder har en negativ inverkan på vår hållning. Muskulatur som inte får arbeta i sin fulla längd kommer på sikt att förkortas medan muskler som hela tiden hålls i förlängning kommer att försvagas. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om stretching och styrketräning under en sex veckors period kan ha en positiv påverkan på stram respektive svag hållningsmuskulatur. 15 personer med en mer eller mindre ofördelaktig hållning genomgick hållningsanalyser och rörelsetester och utifrån dessa analyser och konstruerades ett träningsprogram innehållande styrketräning och eller stretching för att förbättra deras hållning. Efter sexveckors periodens slut gjordes ytterligare hållningsanalyser samt rörelsetester för att urskilja eventuella förbättringar.

Product development is essential for all companies that want to survive in competitive markets regardless of the characteristics of the product that the company sells. Companies that sell products within product categories which can be seen as bad, also need to develop their products in order to remain competitive. If these bad products add a positive attribute, for example that they get organic, a contradiction within the product arises and they get incongruent. This thesis investigates which effects that follow a launch of an incongruent product. The thesis also examines if these effects are affected by the strength of the brand under which the product is launched.A total of 240 respondents participated in an experimental study where product incongruity was manipulated for two different product categories, where one well known brand and one unknown brand were examined in each category.

The purpose of this thesis was to highlight how different aspects of market communication are used when micro companies choose to use both Internet and store selling activities towards the consumer market. The thesis dealt with off-line and on-line communication considerations with focus on advertising, interactions, and relations. In order to achieve this purpose a case study was conducted, that revealed that the companies acted according to theories. The conclusions drawn from the thesis were that companies tended to rely on traditional ways of dealing with advertising and interaction. We could also see that relations were created as a result of unconscious behavior and that the Internet activities still were on a basic level..

In this report a model was constructed in order to determine how a number of covariates influence the gross domestic product, GDP. The covariates were chosen depending on their expected influence on GDP, for example education and life expectancy. The data used in this report are collected from the World Bank. The model to describe GDP has been calculated using multiple line arregression. In order to reach a reliable final model the number of covariates has been gradually decreased to eliminate insignificant covariates.

This study investigates whether creative online product exposure within the clothing industry has a positive effect on the behaviour and attitude of today's consumers. Product exposure is the most important stimulus in the online marketing universe, yet few studies exist on this topic. Thus, this study pioneers in this specific research field. Through empirical analysis this study reveals that product exposure has a significant and direct effect on the perceived corporate ability and consumer involvement. Moreover creative product exposure indirectly increases the perceived product quality, intention to buy and the overall attitude towards the brand.

Thesis purposeThe study aims to examine the effects vertical and horizontal line extensions might have on the total parent brand equity in terms of strength and its baseline product regarding of market share, loyalty and penetration under an elapsed period of time. The study aims to investigate a number of actual conducted line extensions effect on the above mentioned aspects of Kellers (1993) definition of brand strength as a part of the total brand equity. MethodologyThe effect of a number of line extensions of the parent brands and the baseline products is being examined in terms of market share, loyalty rate, cannibalization and market penetration. The thesis is focused on the correlations between these different parameters during a certain elapsed time ratio in order to test our theoretically routed hypothesizes in a deductive manner. Occasional correlations are derived from an indexation of data collected from the Gfk database.

This master?s thesis was performed during the fall of 2006 at Cloetta Fazer AB in Ljungsbro. Cloetta Fazer is the market leader in Scandinavia of manufacturing confectionary and chocolates. The purpose of the project has been to identify causes that impact the quantity of waste in production as well as a cost/benefit analysis of the solutions that can reduce the problem of production waste.The work includes four production lines that are individually designed depending on what kind of product that are produced on the line. By using qualitative and quantitative methods such as focus groups, interviews and observations data has been collected.

Den här undersökningen beskriver hur den svenska skivbranschen skall överleva vid nya teknikskiften. Syftet med undersökning är att genom en fallstudie få en djup förståelse och kunskap om hur branschen och dess externa faktorer ser ut, och därefter analysera och utvärdera tre företag i skivbranschen och dess långsiktiga strategier.Genom att ha genomfört intervjuer med tre personer från tre olika skivbolag har syftet kunnat besvaras. Intervjuerna som genomfördes var ostrukturerade och ej standardiserade, detta för att få en djup kunskap och förståelse för branschen som undersöks, samt att få ut så mycket relevant information som möjligt.I undersökningens analys har empirin analyserats utifrån de variabler som har tagits ut från de valda teorierna. De svenska skivbolagen befinner sig på en marknad där konkurrensen är hög, vilket bolagen inte har uppmärksammat. Omstruktureringar har varit nödvändiga i organisationerna på grund av den nya digitala tekniken.

Most people have been forced to throw away a pot-plant after its death. There are many reasons to the death of a plant, but mainly it?s because its owner forgets it, and therefore fails to water it. The purpose of this project is therefore to develop a product which can prevent this from happening, while the product has to have a low manufacturing cost to be able to compete whit other, similar, products on the market. During the project, a benchmarking has been done to give a clear picture of what the product has to compete with. The directives there are for CE-marking, and which of these who concerns the product has also been looked up.

Background: A large number of companies works as a link between manufacturers and final users. These companies buys and stores goods to be able to deliver when a need comes up later in the chain. The storage could have a negative effect on profitability and therefore places great demands on the management control systems. ABC as a method has been used with some success in manufacturing for over ten years. In wholesale companies the method is not frequently used.