SammanfattningBakgrund: Upplevelsen av smärta är en inbyggd reflex, som normalt varnar för att något håller på att skadas eller redan har skadats i kroppen, och får kroppen att reagera innan något allvarligt sker. För att kunna ge en patient adekvat smärtbehandling bör en analys av smärtan göras, som förutsättning för att patienten ska kunna få en lämplig smärtbehandling. Smärtskattning är en viktig del av den fullständiga smärtanalysen. Dokumentation av smärtskattningen gör det möjligt att på ett systematiskt sätt utvärdera given smärt behandling. Forskning tyder på att sjuksköterskors smärtskattning innan smärtbehandling, dokumentation av smärtskattningen, smärtskattning innan undersökning och smärtskattning innan omvårdnad är bristfällig.

This study investigates how the host community of Tenerife perceives the socio-cultural effects of tourism on the island. The method chosen for the study was qualitative interviews which were performed with six respondents, each born in Spain, living permanently in Tenerife and employed within service-related occupations. The interview material was interpreted and handled according to a hermeneutic approach. The results of the study showed that the respondents had an over-all positive perception of tourism. Perceived positive socio-cultural effects were related to cultural and linguistic influences.

In today's producing companies, there is a high demand on early integrated productdevelopment. One way to facilitate communication between departments and collaborationbetween people and thereby enable early sharing of product information within the companyis to use PLM, Product Lifecycle Management.The CAD environment at Scania is at the moment being upgraded from Catia v4 to Catiav5. In this stage it is important that also the interacting computer systems in Scania?s PLMenvironment are adjusted and in the future join the development. Scania has an idea of howthese systems will be developed as the transition from Catia v4 to Catia v5 is being carriedout.

The accounting of today results in reports that are valued according to one kind of value.There are advocates who recommend that the accounting should be expanded by one orseveral columns, which would enable that other methods of valuation could be used. In thisessay we examine how the ?multi column reporting? can alter the outcome of a financialanalysts? valuation procedure.In this essay we used existing theories about the financial analysts? usage of information toreach the lack of information we found and which we aim to erase whit this essay. To do thiswe studied decision theories and theories regarding information processing, and by interviewswith three financial analysts. After we collected the information needed for the analyses, wethen also compared the results of the interviews with related theories.The theories about decision in this essay concern whether a decision is based on rationality,bounded rationality or irrationality.

Introduction: Anxiety and depression are common among patients enrolled in psychiatric outpatient care. Ear Acupuncture is an alternative form of treatment that has been shown to relieve anxiety and depression in previous studies.Aim: To evaluate ear acupuncture as a group treatment for depression and anxietyMethod: A psychiatric outpatient clinic has been offering group treatments with ear acupuncture for anxiety and depression for 5 weeks. Participants of the study have answered self-rating scales Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Sheehan Disability scale before and after the treatment period. Material was collected in the period 2008-2012 and has been analyzed in SPSS.Results: Data from 31 patients were included in the study. The results from the study showed a significant difference, between the measurements before and after treatment, with a reduction of the average values in the three different scales.Summary: From this study, it is difficult to draw any conclusions about the effect of ear acupuncture.

Healthcare staff working within emergency care must often handle extreme and emotional situations. Most of the certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) will some time during their professionally active lives confront with events that are difficult to handle and for some these events will lead to more or less serious traumatic distress and in certain cases develop post traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Many studies demonstrate that staff working in similar stress related environment runs larger risk in order to get stress related symptoms. The aim with the study was to describe the experiences around difficult work related events among CRNAs. The study was implemented as a descriptive study with qualitative run-up via a questionnaire with open questions relevant for the study's aim.

Smärta är något subjektivt och det är bara patienten som kan säga hur ont han har. Smärtskattning ger sjuksköterskan en uppfattning om patientens upplevda smärta. Sjuksköterskor kommer ofta i kontakt med patienter med smärta, därav vikten av att kunna skatta smärta hos en patient på ett adekvat sätt. Olika smärtskattningsinstrument har tagits fram och är ett hjälpmedel till sjuksköterskan vid smärtskattning. Syftet med denna studie är att få en ökad kunskap och insikt i smärtskattningen ur en sjuksköterskas perspektiv.

Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån ett föräldraperspektiv undersöka behov av och önskemål om stödsom föräldrar med diagnos inom autismspektrum beskriver i sin föräldraroll. Ett annat syfte är att bidra med ökad kunskaptill en diskussion kring utformandet av stödinsatser för dessa familjer. Studien är kvalitativ med intervjuer som gjorts ihalvstrukturerad form. Åtta föräldrar har intervjuats. Föräldrarna beskriver att deras svårigheter gör det svårt för dem isamspelet med barn och partner.

Barn kommer i kontakt med hälso- och sjukvård för olika mer eller mindre smärtsamma procedurer. Minnet av tidigare obehagliga erfarenheter kan ofta skapa rädsla inför framtida besök och risk för bestående sjukvårdsrädsla. I många studier beskriver barn att nålstick i huden är en av de mest smärtsamma procedurerna inom sjukvården. Samhället har ett ansvar och det finns reglerat genom lagar hur barn skall bemötas inom sjukvården. Barn i skolåldern har ofta en livfull fantasi och magiskt tänkande och upplever smärta annorlunda än vuxna.

Claw diseases are common diseases in modern dairy production. They are painful for the cow and costly for the producer. Differences in the prevalence of claw disease depending on housing system have previously been observed. This raises the question if there are genotype by environment (GxE) interactions for claw diseases in different housing systems. To investigate this claw trimming records for Swedish Red dairy cattle (SR) and Swedish Holstein cows (SH) were retrieved from the Swedish Dairy Association.

The use of laptops, interactive whiteboards and the Internet is step-by-step working it?s way into Swedish schools. The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of teachers towards using IT-related tools in their teaching. How are the tools given used as mediating tools, what new methods do the teachers find themselves discovering while using these, how do the teachers feel about digital teaching platforms and how do the IT-related tools affect students language progression? These are all questions that this study is meant to answer.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the media discussions of the rape in Bjästa 2009 and to reveal how stereotypical illusions of ethnicity, religion and gender affect how media understands and defines violence. The rape in Bjästa occurred in a ?Swedish context? but has been defined as honor related in other arenas outside media. This discussion occurred because the whole village turned against the woman that was raped and supported the perpetrator? a phenomena that speaks against the idea of an equal society and a behavior that is usually understood as honor related and something that the ?others? do.

Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån ett föräldraperspektiv undersöka behov av och önskemål om stödsom föräldrar med diagnos inom autismspektrum beskriver i sin föräldraroll. Ett annat syfte är att bidra med ökad kunskaptill en diskussion kring utformandet av stödinsatser för dessa familjer. Studien är kvalitativ med intervjuer som gjorts ihalvstrukturerad form. Åtta föräldrar har intervjuats. Föräldrarna beskriver att deras svårigheter gör det svårt för dem isamspelet med barn och partner.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative study with a case study research design, where we studied social workers and politicians view on honor-related problems of underage girls and boys in the age 13-17. We need knowledge about honor related violence and oppression in the political community and social services to work with honor-related problems. Political decisions affect how social work is developed around the honor problem; therefore, it is also important to highlight this direction for the work. It requires a knowledge complement of honor-related problems not to risk exposing the child to further risk from the family (Hedersförtryck, 2009). This is to live up to, for example the law of Social Services, school law and Human Rights (Hussein & Kinuka-Svedberg, 2010).

Bakgrund. Många patienter oroar sig inför kirurgiska ingrepp. Ett av orosmomenten är smärtan efter operationen. Smärtpåverkade patienter utsätts för ett lidande. Detta lidande bryter patientens naturliga förhållningssätt till den levda världen.