Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is a tooth disease affecting both domestic and wild cats. Although FORL was described as early as the 1920´s, the etiology is still unclear. Several hypotheses have been presented but different studies have obtained contradictory results, and today there is no generally accepted etiology. Teeth affected by FORL are characterized by root resorption with progressive destruction of the tooth structure and alveolar bone as a consequence of clast cell activity. The disease is considered very painful when reaching a certain stage.

Dystocia, or difficult birth, is a commonly seen complication to natural birth in veterinary hospitals. Although other methods of resolving dystocia exist, 60 % of dystocias will need to undergo caesarean section. To perform a caesarean section, the bitch will have to undergo anesthesia. The purpose of this literary study was to provide a deeper understanding regarding how the physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy influence anesthetic management in the bitch and puppies. Which anesthetic drugs and drug combinations indicated was also investigated as well as how a veterinary nurse can optimize care of the mother throughout the procedure and how resuscitation of the puppies should be carried out for best possible outcome.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Can peppermint oil relieve the symptoms of IBS?A systematic reviewAuthor: Caroline Månsson and Linn RamströmSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2013___________________________________________________________________________Background: An estimated 7-10% of the world population suffers from Irritable BowelSyndrome (IBS), a disease that greatly affects the daily life and the quality of life of the afflicted.The total annual health care cost of IBS is around 1280 billion Swedish crowns. IBS ischaracterized by abdominal pain/discomfort in combination with diarrhoea, constipation, or acombination of these. The etiology is unknown but it is believed that there are several factors thatcome into play. The disease cannot be cured, but there are ways to alleviate the symptomsthrough a variety of medicinal preparations and dietary treatment.

Prosody is the melody and rhythm of speech and language. Prosodic ability is of great importance for communication, and has been shown to be affected in adults with acquired brain injury. Studies have shown that Swedish children with specific language impairment have prosodic  difficulties to a greater extent than e.g. English speaking peers. It is thereby possible that prosodic ability is more vulnerable also in Swedish speaking adults with acquired brain injury.The aim of the present study was to assess prosodic ability in adults with acquired brain injury, and to evaluate the prosodic assessment procedure that was used.

In some criminal cases, the only existing evidence is the verbal statement of a witness or the plaintiff. The typical example is an alleged rape where victim and perpetrator have had some kind of relation, and their records of the incident differ. In these cases, the assessment of the value of the evidence drawn from the plaintiff's story is of crucial importance. On the one hand, a false positive judgment means that a person is wrongly convicted, on the other hand, a failure to correctly identify a truthful claim of rape means that a victim of a severe crime is left without judicial remedy. That the prosecutor must prove that the crime is committed by the defendant without reasonable doubt, means that there is much more chance of a failure to convict guilty felons, than of the opposite.In the essay, the rules of criminal procedure directed at the evaluation of the verbal statement are identified and critically evaluated from the perspective of how they may or may not facilitate the judgment of a verbal statement presented before the court, either in person, or through other media such as video.

Since early civilization, herbal tea has been used as remedies for an abundance of different diseases. Among these herbal remedies, peppermint (Mentha piperita) was used for its effect on bowel related ailments. Even though peppermint was not described until late 17th century, it has been used since 1000 years before Christ by the Egyptians. In present day it is still considered a remedy for stomach pain etcetera, and much of the recent research is concentrated on the positive effects of peppermint on pain and bowel diseases. A large section of the research is also reviewing positive effects of peppermint on cancer, allergy and also on its potential as antibacterial agent.

Bakgrund: Smärta vid svårläkta ben- och fotsår är ett vanligt förekommande problem som ofta är underbehandlad. Smärta påverkar sårläkningen negativt och är ett komplext hälsoproblem. Smärta kan ses utifrån olika dimensioner vilka påverkar personen på olika sätt. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur personer upplever smärta vid svårläkta ben- och fotsår. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på kvalitativa empiriska studier.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how preschool teachers think about language stimulation and how they work with it when it comes to small children in preschool. My research questions were:? What kind of methods do the preschool teachers use? And what kind of work procedure do they have?? Is there any difference in the work procedure when it comes to daily routines and playtime?? How do the preschool teachers describe their work procedure with language stimulation?To be able to reach my purpose and answer my questions, I decided to make a case study. I have made observations of the preschool teachers and how they work and I have made interviews. The material that I have used, beside observations and interviews, is literature that is about earlier research about this matter.The result of the study shows that the preschool teachers considers their work with language stimulation as part of everything they do.

In the dog breed Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR) several dogs suffer from joint pain and possibly pain from the muscles. This diffuse disease is called Immune-mediated Non- Erosive Arthritis in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. The disease is most likely of autoimmune nature where the etiology still is unknown. The musculoskeletal symptoms of stiffness and shifting lameness are intermittently seen. Some dogs also have dermatological changes and some dogs suffer from pain when opening their mouth. The study included 20 diseased and 20 healthy NSDTR. The purpose was to describe immune-mediated arthritis in NSDTR based on symptoms, results of analysis and effect of treatment. Among the diseased dogs 65% had serum positive for antinuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescense (IIF) ANA-test.

Bakgrund: Smärta och äldre personer är centrala delar i sjukvården. Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse och påverkar en person både psykiskt och fysiskt. Smärta är komplext och det finns många anledningar till att smärta uppkommer. Många äldre personer i samhället får inte korrekt smärtlindring vilket kan bero på attityder och felaktiga bedömningar.  För att underlätta bedömningen av smärta finns det instrument som vårdpersonal kan ta hjälp av för att underlätta bedömningen av äldre personers smärta.Syfte: Att beskriva hur äldre personer upplever smärta och hur den handhas på vårdenheter.Metod: En litteraturöversikt som byggts på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna har hämtats från CINAHL complete.

ABSTRACTPurpose: The purpose of the study was threefold. Firstly, to investigate if a four week program in pain rehabilitation had any effect on how much individuals with persistent pain worked and their degree of kinesiophobia. Secondly, to study if there was a correlation between how much these individuals worked and their degree of kinesiophobia. Thirdly, to study if there was a correlation between the change in these variables.Method: 112 patients who had participated in a four week rehabilitation program took part in the study. The study had a retrospective design, which was based on a review on medical records and consisted of three minor parts.

After the honor killings of Fadime and Pela, an extensively discussion started in the media, debating honor-related violence and oppression. This debate also made us, the authours of this paper, to pay attention to the problem. As a professional in social work, there are several good points to be made by having an in-depth knowledge in the field, both to discover individuals exposed to honor-related violence and to be able to protect them. The study was conducted by four qualitative interviews with professionals in social work with a professional experience of honor-related problems. Through the interviews, the social worker's view of honor problems emerged.

De genusrelaterade skillnaderna inom fenomenet smärta är en aspekt som måste betraktas i omvårdnadsarbetet. Många faktorer påverkar smärtupplevelsen och sjuksköterskan måste ta hänsyn till dessa för att kunna göra en korrekt bedömning. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns skillnader i män och kvinnors smärttröskel och smärttolerans, samt om skattningen av den upplevda smärtan skiljer sig mellan könen. En inriktning mot akut fysisk smärta har gjorts i detta arbete. Arbetet har utförts som en litteraturstudie som använt sig av databassökning för att inskaffa det vetenskapliga materialet.

A degree thesis about quality control and assurance in construction. Made in cooperation with Wästbygg. An analysis was made of the self-monitoring control that is conducted during the construction. The data was collected from interviews from personnel employed by Wäsbygg as either work-leader, project-manager or quality- and environmental-coordinator. During the study there was also a review of the literature in the subject.

Background:Alzheimer´s disease is a so-called degenerative dementia in which brain cells gradually degenerate and die. The disease causes memory disorders and the trait of character disappears. Alzheimer´s disease also affects the related parties that may take a great responsibility. Related caregivers are entitled to support from healthcare. Aim:The aim of the study was to describe the experiences of being related when caring for a person suffering from Alzheimer´s disease.