This master thesis is an early concept development project about using plastic films and sheets as materials for shaping openings for Tetra Pak packages. It is also a technical introduction highlighting the areas of importance for the development of plastic film and sheets openings. The master thesis has been carried out as a co-operation between Chalmers University of Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Tetra Pak AB.The master thesis study presents an introduction that gives an understanding of the technical complexities and design possibilities of using thin plastic films and sheets in liquid carton openings. The knowledge is then transferred into five design concepts which points out the areas of opportunity. The technical introduction is widespread and extensive covering current packing trends, the liquid carton package and openings, thermoplastic material properties, and thin film and sheet manufacturing and shaping.

The Healthcheck is an evaluation of the 2003 years reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). When the Healthcheck of CAP is decided, most likely in the beginning of 2009, there will be a discussion about how CAP will appear in the next budget period 2013. One main question in the Healthcheck is how the farm support will be designed. A suggestion that has arised is if todays addition amount for dairy- and beef production should be transferred to the fundamental farm support. In this exam theses calculations has been done in created typical farms in every Swedish support region for cereals-, dairy- and beef production.

Dogs with behavioral problemsThis study was made to investigate if there was a problem in today?s society regarding dogs showing for example excessive aggression and/or anxiety. The main questions in this study was "is there a problem today" and "if there is a problem, what can we do to prevent it". To investigate these questions interviews were made with six different professions concerning the dog domain. The result of the study shows that three of the interviewed considered it to be a problem, one did not have an opinion on the matter and two choose not to call it a dog related problem because it mostly depends on the owner.

En trend på marknaden för affärssystem är att utveckla branschspecifika affärssystem, det vill säga system som är anpassade till affärsprocesserna inom en viss bransch. Eftersom det är affärsprocesserna i en verksamhet som affärssystemet ska stödja är det vid utveckling av affärssystem viktigt att kartlägga dessa processer.Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka vilka problem som kan uppstå i samband med processkartläggning vid utveckling av branschspecifika affärssystem. Vidare är arbetet begränsat till att endast behandla problem vad det gäller val, uppdelning och benämning av affärsprocesser. Arbetet har genomförts dels genom en fallstudie, dels genom intervjuer av leverantörer av affärssystem.Resultatet av detta arbete visar på problem med att avgöra hur många och vilka affärsprocesser som ska innefattas av affärssystemet. Vidare kan problem uppstå bland annat vad det gäller identifiering av huvudprocesser och antalet processnivåer som ska tillämpas.

Att starta och bilda ett företag är inte alltid det lättaste. Vissa gör det utan några problem medan andra stöter på hinder och problem. I denna studie kommer de vanligaste hindren och problemen som entreprenörer stöter på att identifieras. Detta för att underlätta för andra personer som står i tur att starta företag. Syftet är att undersöka vilka hinder och problem som upplevs av de som startar nytt aktiebolag, samt undersöka hur entreprenören gjort för att undvika eller lösa dessa.

Title: The dynamics of the Audit expectation gapIntroduction: The audit expectations gap is the difference that exists between what auditors and users of accounting information expects an independent auditor to do. Since the definition arose in 1974, much research has been done about the gap. What is relatively unexplored is how the gap changes over time within a country, and how it is affected by external events. This lack of knowledge has motivated this study.Problem: How has the audit expectation gap changed in Sweden, from the emergence of the definition until today? In which way have corporate scandals and legislative changes affected the gap?Purpose: The aim is to identify and create an understanding of how the audit expectation gap has changed in Sweden.

Large-scale land investments is not a new phenomenon, but increasing prices on food and agrofuels have inflated prices on land and has led to an enhanced interest in landinvestments from a range of different actors. The ProSavana project in the Nacala corridor in the Nampula province, northern Mozambique is a large-scale land investment with the purpose of establishing intensive commercial agriculture and is planned to be implemented this year (2013). The project is financed by Brazil and Japan in collaboration with the government of Mozambique. It is not quite clear how large-scale land investments affect the areas they are implemented in and how they can affect the possibilities for sustainable development in these areas. Both opportunities and problems can be observed within the social, economic and ecological dimensions of sustainable development.

A new FPGA suitable for space applications has just reached the market. To investigate whether there are any possible flaws or limitations similar to those previously seen on FPGAs, an evaluation has to be done. This master thesis contains the evaluation of this new radhard FPGA with focus on possible design limitations and package related electrical phenomena.Areas evaluated: Ground-/VDD bounce, Cross talk, Rise time sensitivit, Power cycling, Power consumption, Place and route tool, Radiation hardnessThis report contains all steps in the evaluation. From method to measurements, comparisons, theory, results and conclusions. In the evaluation work, special effort has been made to develop designs that really stress the FPGA to find potential problems.

Organisations and projects use CSCW/Groupware systems for collaboration purposes. These systems and applications are in many cases using a non-transparent GUI, witch is also hard to learn. This paper present a novel system that aims towards being transparent and easy to use. This system, called CollMX, will be evaluated and different ideas for future development will be presented.  The evaluation and ideas are generated by an empiric evaluation and research in different areas related to CSCW. The research does not only focus on the area of CSCW, but also extends towards the Web 2.0 and ideas about awareness..

Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt var att beskriva hur intravenös cytostatikabehandling vid cancersjukdom påverkar patienters ätande. Studien baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visade att patienter hade problem med förändrad smak och lukt, illamående och kräkning samt smärta, muntorrhet och sväljning. Dessa symtom påverkade ätandet i stor utsträckning och hade en negativ inverkan på livskvaliteten. Smakförändringarna och problem från munnen var mer besvärande och påverkade ätandet i större utsträckning än vad som kunde förutses.

Mervärdesskatten infördes i Sverige den 1 januari 1969 med lagen (1968:430) om mervärdeskatt, så kallad moms. År 1994, året innan Sveriges inträde i EU, infördes Mervärdesskattelagen (1994:200) som anpassats till EG-rätt. Mervärdesskatten är alltid 25 procent om inget annat anges. Kunderna betalar moms till företaget och företagaren betalar in skillnaden mellan utgående moms och ingående moms till Skatteverket. Många företag bedriver blandad verksamhet, det vill säga både momsfri och momspliktig verksamhet som berättigar till avdrags- eller återbetalningsrätt av mervärdesskatten.

New production is not the only thing that is important for the city?s growth. It is also crucial to recover existing buildings in order to create attractive areas. There is a school in Va?stera?s city called Wenstro?mska skolan which consists of six high schools that provide different professional specializations and which has an area of about 35000 square meters.

Banks are an important institution for the economy of a society. During the later years the world of banking has changed. Several new actors have entered the market and taken over traditional bankservices as well as new ones. The way of conducting banking has changed with the event of new technology. One of the banks customer segments, the students have also been under a change.

Vattenfall Heat AB is a district heat provider in Drefviken, but has yet to establish any cooling systems in this area. This thesis examines the potential client base within the area today and over the coming 20 years. The feasibility of the most common cooling technologies is evaluated and results show a total potential for an installed capacity of 30 MW providing 50 GWh of cooling per year. One of the examined areas shows good prospect for heat driven absorption chillers during the summer months when the heat load is limited..

När verksamheter ska införa nya informationssystem uppstår det ofta problem som kan ha med sociala och organisatoriska effekter att göra. Problem kan även uppstå vid utvecklandet av informationssystem och då ofta vid slutet av systemutvecklingen eller när informationssystemet har tagits i drift. Problem med systemutveckling och införande av informationssystem kostar mycket tid och pengar för verksamheter. Detta arbete har som syfte att se om verksamheter kan dra nytta av liknande verksamheters erfarenheter av problem vid införande av ett nytt informationssystem.För att undersöka problemområdet har en litteraturstudie genomförts där det har identifierats ett antal problem med införande av ett nytt informationssystem inom hemsjukvården. Vidare gjordes en surveyundersökning där intervjuer användes för att intervjua distriktsveterinärer då det ansågs som en liknande verksamhet där båda åker ut på patientbesök.