Background: A group severely affected by health issues, the experiences of homeless alcohol and drug abusers in the coverage of their medical care needs is not satisfactory. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore which factors experienced by homeless alcohol and drug abusers in Uppsala in regards to their living situation affected their health, their perception of access to healthcare, the character of treatment received and coping strategies used outside of the healthcare system. Method: Nine people who had experienced both homelessness and substance abuse problem were recruited for the study during their visit to Stadsmissionens facilities for the homeless. Data was collected through qualitative, semi-structured interviews including two women and seven men. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis according to Giorgi modified by Malterud.Results: Among homeless substance abusers interviewed experiences of unwelcoming and prejudiced healthcare were described.

This is a literature study of learning mathematics in general and algebra in particular. The goal is to explore and investigate the learning procedure and the difficulties pupils have with their understanding. Furthermore, to understand what qualities is requested of pupils in their effort to be successful in mathematics and algebra. I have also explored different pupil thinking styles in mathematics and what consequences that has on their learning and understanding. Moreover, I have investigated some different learning styles and how they can be addressed in teaching of mathematics in general and algebra in particular.

Den pågående utvecklingen med informationssystem och den ökade tillgången till information via dessa system ökar kraven på den militära personalen att hantera denna stora mängd information.Information om aktörer i ett stridsområde samt den terräng aktörerna befinner sig i är en förutsättning för att genomföra militära operationer. Som följd av denna informationsmängd behöver informationssystemen utvecklas för att kunna ge bättre beslutsunderlag.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken militär nytta man skulle kunna uppnå med ett geografiskt informationssystem (GIS) för beslutsfattarna i en militär insats. Dessutom skall uppsatsen undersöka hur ett GIS bör vara utformat för att stödja personalen med beslutsfattande.Undersökningen sker genom både komparativ litteraturstudie och beskrivning av teorier och metoder.Resultatet pekar på att GIS bör kunna bidra till den militära nyttan med att möjliggöra ett informationsöverläge gentemot en motståndare. Vidare pekar resultaten på att rätt design på GIS underlättar för användaren men att det ändå krävs utbildning för att nyttja GIS fullt ut..

Denna uppsats har skrivits som en del av de studier i krigsvetenskap jag erhållit under min tid vid yrkesofficersprogrammet.Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva sambandet mellan de grundläggande förmågorna ledning och rörlighet samt begreppet högt stridstempo vid förband av lättare karaktär.Den metod som använts i uppsatsen är en fallstudie som bygger på en kvalitativ textanalys. Genom en granskning av två valda operationer genomförs en analys efter varje skede. Den teknik som använts för insamling är litteratursökning. En frågeställning har behandlats: Hur såg sambandet ut mellan högt stridstempo och de grundläggande förmågorna ledning och rörlighet vid Operation Market Garden samt Operation Merkurius?Utifrån mina gjorda fallstudier visar resultatet på att i manöverkrigföring är begreppet högt stridstempo av stor vikt för att lyckas med striden.

Syfte: Att undersöka upplevelser av hot och våld bland personal som arbetar på akutmottagningaroch inom ambulanssjukvården.Metod: En litteraturstudie där 24 artiklar ingår.Resultat: Personal som blir utsatt för hot och våld känner sig osäkra på sin arbetsplats.Psykosomatiska upplevelser i form av huvudvärk, minnesproblematik och sömnstörningar har visatsig förekomma. Många anmäler inte att de blivit utsatta för hot eller våld för att de känner att det ärmeningslöst. Majoriteten av deltagarna upplevde att de inte har tillräcklig utbildning för att hanteravåldsamma personer.Slutsats: Hot och våld förekommer i stor utsträckning inom akut- och ambulanssjukvården. Dettaär ett arbetsmiljöproblem som påverkar personalen negativt. Mer träning i att bemöta hotfullapersoner är viktigt.

When the Tsunami occurred on Boxing Day 2004 it caused a major stress upon the governmental agencies in not only the affected areas but also in states that had a large number of citizens in the affected area. The governmental agencies were not prepared for the demands from the citizenry in these countries to deal with rescue and crisis management in areas situated halfway around the globe. This thesis main purpose is to research what the causal mechanisms of Sweden?s and Finland?s crisis management were through the method of process tracing. Taking its theoretical stance in Allison?s & Zelikow?s three models of decision making, the thesis compares the course of events of the first two critical days in Sweden and Finland to establish what mistakes were made during this critical period.

SAMMANFATTNINGIntroduktionKommunikationen i ett vårdteam har stor betydelse för samarbetet kring en skadad patient. När kommunikationen brister kan det leda till sämre omhändertagande av en traumapatient. Ledaren för teamet har en betydande roll för teamarbetet. På Försvarsmedicincentrum i Göteborg tränas teamen med medicinsk simulering med fokus på teamarbete.SyfteSyftet var att undersöka hur kommunikationen erfors och påverkade samarbetet inom teamet under en medicinsk simuleringsövning.MetodFokusgruppintervjuer genomfördes av teamen efter en övning i medicinsk fullskalesimulering. Frågorna var semistrukturerade.

Introduction: A big part of the patients that recently has gone through operation at surgical units experiences pain in different scales after their operation. Untreated postoperative pain has been proved in different studies to increase to risk medical complications, longer rehabilitation, more days at the hospital and higher expenses for the hospital. One of the nurses? main tasks is to notice and relieve the pain of the patients. To engage the patients more in the medical process and make the nurses´ work more person-centered could make an impact on the postoperative pain and contribute to a better pain relief.

As an effect of increased living standards and improved health care, life expectancy has risen in many parts of the world. At the same time, welfare diseases such as diabetes and obesity increases. As the number of elderly and long-term sick rises, so will the medical care needs. E-health applications are often presented as a way to meet future medical and doing so within the scope of existing resources. By facilitating health communication and widen access to health services by offering them online, e-health applications encourages people to become more engaged in their own health, thus working proactively towards a healthier population.

Summary:The Clinical Training Center at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala uses new methods for educating and training veterinary students. Among these methods are computer programs. The aim of this study was to create an interactive application based on data from horses CT-scanned at the Center for Medical Image and Visualization at Linköping University Hospital. The purpose of this application is for veterinary students to be able to use multidimensional visualization to study equine anatomy. The resulting application named "EQUINE VIRTUAL ANATOMY - Flash in the Tunnel" consists of data from six heads, one left foreleg and a wooden dalahorse.

Introduction: Suicide is a major public health problem both internationally and in Sweden. Itis known in research that sex and gender have a bearing on the incidence of suicide andattempted suicide. Gender Bias in medical research could lead to medical errors and to thatthe problem is made invisible. That is why it is important to identify and eliminate them. AimThe purpose of this paper was to examine whether there is gender bias in scientific articlesdealing with suicide prevention interventions and how this is expressed.

Background: The incidence of caesarean section for breech presentation has reached approximately 90 % in Sweden. In many of these cases, by means of specific selection criteria, it would be as safe to plan for vaginal breech delivery. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate differences in management and to compare maternal and fetal outcomes according to delivery mode of breech presentation; vaginal vs. caesarian section. The study included breech presentation in full term singleton pregnancies at the UppsalaUniversityHospital, Uppsala, Sweden (UAS). Method: The study was based on medical record data with a retrospective, descriptive, comparative design with quantitative approach. The method for data collection was a manual review of patient records using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the women with children in breech presentation during the period studied, 11 % gave birth vaginally.

Förlossningen är en stor livshändelse där sjukvårdens insatser är mycket viktiga både för mannen och kvinnan, men framför allt för förlossningsrädda kvinnor. Föreliggande undersökning syftade till att förstå förlossningsrädsla utifrån ett psykologiskt perspektiv, främst hur stödet och eftervården upplevs. Undersökningen baserades på en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer med åtta frivilliga intervjudeltagare. Alla respondenter upplevde stödet från stödverksamheten för förlossningsrädda som positivt. Samtliga upplevde ett behov av stöd i olika stor utsträckning.

Collaboration is a form of organization on the rise in Sweden. For health care, it is ofinterest to collaborate with industry to ensure that needs for specialist education andtraining are met and that products developed meet the relevant requirements.Conversely, industry actors have an interest to have a close collaboration with healthcare in order to gain insight into customer needs, provide information about theirproducts and to test products in development.The starting point of this study is an agreement and regulatory framework for formsof collaboration between public health care in Sweden in general and thepharmaceutical industry, the medical device industry and the laboratory technologyindustry. The research questions concerns how this agreement has evolved and theprocess surrounding its emergence may contribute to knowledge about collaborationas a form of organization and the relationship to concepts such as legitimacy,corruption and institutional theory.By tracking the emergence of the current regulatory framework genealogicalthroughout history, the study uncovers how the agreements have played a role in andcontributed to the legitimization and institutionalization of collaboration practices andhow crises have changed the shape of the practices. A theoretical treatment ofrelevant concepts such as legitimacy, institutionalization of practices, corruption andstigmatization of organizations form the basis for an interpretation and analysis of theprocess.The conclusions of the examination of the historical process that led to the currentagreements contribute to empirical knowledge of how crises and stigma affect thelegitimacy of collaboration practices and how the repair of legitimacy can be donesuccessfully after a crisis. The treatment of the empirical material is also a historicalsource for the development of ethics agreements between public health care andpharmaceutical industry and the medical industry in Sweden..

Abstract          Background: End of life is difficult to establish in patients with dementia and many patients die due to complications related to the disease. To document that care are palliative in this group of patients is not common among nurses and physicians. This may depend on that the palliative course is extended and not similar to the palliative course common among patients with cancer. Aim: To describe how the registered staff in nursing homes document the care of persons with dementia in a late palliative phase. Method: A retrospective record study with a deductive approach.