Bakgrund: Den intensivvårdskrävande patienten är många gånger i behov av transport utanför intensivvårdsavdelningen för diagnostiserande undersökning eller behandling. Transporten är riskfylld då patienten kräver komplicerad utrustning och avancerad medicinsk behandling. Studier visar att patientsäkerheten ökar om policydokument används vid transportprocessen.Syfte: Studiens syfte var att kartlägga antalet policydokument som reglerar intrahospital transport i Stockholms län och jämföra dem med en guideline.Metod: Urvalet bestod av policydokument från 11 intensivvårdsavdelningar i Stockholms län. Metoden utgjordes av deskriptiv dokumentinnehållsanalys.Resultat: Sex av elva intensivvårdsavdelningar i Stockholms län hade policydokument som reglerar intrahospital transport. Policydokumenten hade fem gemensamma huvudämnen: Riskbedömning, bemanning, förberedelse, övervakning och utrustning vilka överensstämde med dem i guidelinen.

Individual cellulose ?bers were studied to identify the transport and absorbtion phenomena as well as the in?uence of drying. A Chalmers University of Technologydeveloped method within ESEM (Enviromental Scanning Electron Microscope) has been used in this study. The results from the laborations gave the following conclu-sions: The transport of water occurs in ?bers in the ?ber wall surface and the lumen.

Postoperativ shivering (PAS) definieras som en serie ofrivilliga muskelrörelser som ökar den metabola värmeproduktionen i kroppen. Förekomsten av postoperativ shivering är ett problem inom den perioperativa vården. Det finns flera orsaker till shivering. Termoregulativa och icke termoregulativa. PAS förekommer i ca 5-65% av alla anestesier, men frekvensen har under åren minskat.

The aim of this study is to examine if the leadership style in Faiveley Transport Nordic Ltd has an impact on the psychosocial climate in the workplace. Henceforth, we have checked if the psychosocial climate influences the feeling of satisfaction that exists in the organization and if this in turn influences the degree of extra effort the employee chooses to impose on his or her task. In order to measure the leadership in the organization we have used the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The climate, in turn, has been measured through Ekvalls GEFA. All 125 employees in Faiveley Transport Nordic Ltd got the possibility to attend the survey, 58 participated.

Detta arbete beskriver struppipning, som är en sjukdom som beror på att rekurrensnerven är skadad. Detta leder till att larynx inte kan fungera normalt. Hästens symtom visar sig särskilt vid ansträngning, då den blir onormalt trött, och vid inandning har den ofta ett karakteristiskt missljud. Orsaken till att nervskadan uppstår är ofta idiopatisk, men det kan exempelvis också bero på trauma av olika slag. Det är troligt att sjukdomen är ärftlig.

Building with volume element is relatively new and has started to increase more and more. The regulations that exist to regulate and determine how the transports of volume elements are to be conducted are diffuse and not very well adjusted to address the issues with transporting volume elements. Today there are a number of instances that a company has to turn to in order to get a somewhat different view, what regulations say and interpret it in order to know what applies and not applies regarding the transportation of volume elements. regulations. The rules that are in place make it tough for the volume element producing companies to develop and continue to be active on the market.

Tomo Hugglink (TOMO Skog) is an innovation for harvest and transport of biofuels. The system consists of a truck, a chipping unit and crane mounted on a link and a wood chip trailer. The system works in such a way that the chipping unit is disconnected and placed on the site and wood chips are loaded directly into the wood chip trailer.The aim of this study was:- To examine the performance of the TOMO Hugglink system under different conditions such as the size, placement and quality of the pile.- To calculate the cost per raw ton for two vehicle combinations at different transport distances and to examine the effect of a reduction in set-up time and an increase in load weight.- To identify possible improvements with the TOMO Hugglink system.A time study was conducted within the thesis work to make it possible to determine production and time consumption. In the subsequent economic analysis the cost per tone at different transport distances was calculated for two different lorry concepts. Furthermore the effect of a reduction in set-up time and an increase in load weight was calculated.Under current conditions the utilization of the chipper is low and only 29 % of the total system time is occupied by chipping.

This paper is about how transport companies in the future will be able to adapt their activity to an environmentally sustainable development without the effect of negative company economic consequences. Today, the environmental threat is a global problem and knowledge about that effluent of carbon dioxide have a negative impact on the climate is generally known. A transport system that works well is important for Sweden, but the sector has a negative impact on the environment. Regulation and legislation for increased environmental requirements often meets resistance and fear that the work will be hampered by increased costs for environmental work that can lead to an international decrease in competitiveness. The transport companies have outside pressure from the society to do something about the environmental issue, however the companies? customers are not ready to pay a higher price for environmental work.

Bakgrund: Forskning kring hur föräldrar upplevde sitt barns omvårdnad i samband med operation har visat att föräldrar förväntade sig mer stöd från sjukvårdspersonalen än vad de fick, men att personalen var omedveten om detta. Föräldrarna kände sig osäkra på sin roll i omvårdnadsarbetet och de kände att deras auktoritet var hotad. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av deras barns omvårdnad på sjukhus i samband med operation och speciellt vid postoperativ smärta. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserades på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Analys av artiklarna resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier: ?Upplevelser av sjukhusmiljön?, ?Upplevelser av rollen som förälder?, ?Upplevelser av personalens bemötande? och ?Upplevelser av barnets postoperativa omvårdnad?.

This report discusses questions concerning wear on forest roads. The purpose of the work is to investigate if the wear on the roads will decrease when the speed limit gets lower for the trucks that transport the wood. A normal forest road, class B, was used in the study. In total 5000 m3f timber was transported on the road. Data about the road was measured with a profilograph car before and after the timber transport.

SAMMANFATTNING   Inledning: Vårdrelaterade infektioner är ett stort och kostsamt problem i vården. Förekomst av multiresistenta bakterier ökar och gör infektioner allt mer svårbehandlade. I sjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter ingår bland annat att förebygga smittspridning och bedriva utvecklingsarbete.Syftet med denna studie var att studera och beskriva postoperativ sårinfektionsfrekvens hos samtliga patienter som opererats med femoralis poplitea by pass på aktuell klinik år 2004 respektive år 2007. Syftet var vidare att beskriva eventuella gemensamma faktorer hos patienterna som kunde var en orsak till postoperativ sårinfektion.Metod: En beskrivande studie med jämförande inslag via journalgranskning.Resultat: Journalgranskningen har inte visat någon ökad frekvens av postoperativa sårinfektioner avseende år 2004 respektive 2007 på den studerade avdelningen. Antalet operationer är konstant och antalet infektioner obetydligt färre.

The aim of this project was to develop a numerical model simulating the global transport of air pollution. The model currently used by SMHI, the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, was intended to perform such simulations at regional scales. However, the usage of a grid based on longitudes and latitudes makes this model work poorly in global simulations. The problem with this grid is that the nodes are concentrated near the North and South Poles. Due to this characteristic, the Courant, Friedrich and Lewy-condition for numerical stability puts a sharp bound on the timestep length.

Headwater streams are affected by anthropogenic impacts at multiple scales. One aspect of human impact is sediment transport associated to the abundance of stream structures as large woody debris and the composition of the riparian zone from forest to agricultural landscapes. Riparian buffer zones and stream structures like dead wood are considered as generally important structures for protection against an increasing amount of sediment particles in the water. Hence, in this study these structures were quantified in thirty different stream segments on land and in the water. To measure the transport of sediment Whitlock-Vibert boxes were used in three different types of landscapes; forest, transition and fields. The boxes were left in the stream segments for three months, the taken up and dried and weighed. The results showed that the transition-land in Frösvidalsån had the highest sediment transport. The second highest transport of sediment was in Blackstaån at the fields.

Handling, loading, transport time and unloading in connection to transport of farm animals affect animal welfare. Induced effects include both psychological and physiological stress responses in animals. The physiological parameters may be measured through blood analysis while behavioural changes often manifest themselves through increased vocalisation, escape attempts and apathy. Physiological parameters are additional parameters of importance when measuring animal stress responses. The handlers behavior during transport has been shown to have major impact on animal welfare and the quality of meat. Animal friendly handling and driving of animals create a more manageable work environment for the handlers. To further increase animal welfare in connection to transport, stables should be built with well adapted drift passage and ramps on the transport vehicle.

Bakgrund: Den postoperativa smärtan är en akut smärta, relaterad till vävnadsskadan som uppstår i samband med kirurgiska ingrepp. Obehandlad postoperativ smärta kan leda till fysiologiska och psykologiska komplikationer. Att bedöma och behandla smärta är inom sjuksköterskans ansvarområde. Syfte är att belysa de metoder som sjuksköterskor använder för att bedöma patientens postoperativa smärta i klinisk omvårdnad. Metod: Examensarbetet är en litteraturstudie baserad på sju vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats från sökningar i databaserna PUBMED, CINAHL och SCOPUS.