Det har lÀnge varit kÀnt att patientens perioperativa position kan orsaka symtom som förmodas uppstÄ genom tryck och strÀckningar. Positionen vid laparosko-piska operationer anses öka risken för symtom och dÀrför Àr perioperativ om-vÄrdnad av betydelse. Syftet var dÀrför att undersöka hur frekvent positions- relaterade symtom förekommer vid laparoskopiska ingrepp och vilken betydelse de har för patienten. Studien genomfördes som en deskriptiv tvÀrsnittstudie och datainsamlingen gjordes med hjÀlp av symtomskattning och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt 60 respondenter i Äldern 19 till 75 Är deltog i studien som pÄgick under Ätta mÄnader.

Beteendestudier, dÀr man vill undersöka position eller lÀge hos individer, kan utföras pÄ olika sÀtt. Videofilmning, direkta observationer och GPS, (Global Positioning System) Àr exempel pÄ olika metoder för att utföra dessa studier. Det har sedan en lÀngre tid tillbaka varit vanligt att man utför direkta observationer, vilka kan vara tidskrÀvande. Genom att utföra studier med hjÀlp av GPS-mottagare kan tiden för studien förkortas. GPS har anvÀnds i tidigare studier med hÀstar.

Bakgrund: Psykisk oh?lsa ?r en folksjukdom i det svenska samh?llet och m?nga beh?ver v?rd f?r detta. Sjuksk?terskans roll i den psykiatriska v?rden inneh?ller ansvar f?r omv?rdad och utf?ra medicinska behandlingar men ocks? att fr?mja individens sj?lvbest?mmande och delaktighet. Sjuksk?terskan anmodas att arbeta med personcentrerad ansats d?r relationen till patienten ?r avg?rande. Syfte: Att unders?ka patienters och sjuksk?terskors upplevelse av v?rdrelationen i psykiatrisk v?rd.

The Telecom industry is facing a paradigm shift, where the industry is converging with Internet technologies and the market is becoming more sophisticated. This results in more demanding customers, and the need for offering more content and services with a focus on usability for the end-users. The operators are starting to loose both their strong position and revenue in the Telecom industry, due to new technology and the fact that other actors are starting to enter the market, offering new content and services. In the end, the operators have two choices, to become bit-pipe providers, and only focusing on network management, or keeping the control over their networks. The latter would mean that they block other actors who are taking parts of their revenue, e.g.

The aim of this essay is trying to understand the ideological changing process over the last decades and the ideological meaning of the relatively new conception lifelong learning as well, and how it comes that the opportunities offered the individual pre-school child and the individual compulsory-school pupil to assimilate the so important learning, differs so dramatically all though the expressed ambition to offer each and every one equal opportunities. What are the ideological structures that are, and have been in function, that carries and have carried the perceptions of the use and value of fostering and education?In a time with the welfare ideology in a hegemonic position, it was seen important that the state took major responsibility for the education of the citizens. In our time, it appears, an economist ideology has taken the hegemonic position, and education is becoming an increasingly economic issue, and equality is decreasing along with, as in general society, the increasing of segregation within the educational system..

Det motivationsklimat som omger idrottare kan pa?verka sa?va?l deras prestation som deras va?lbefinnande. Med utga?ngspunkt i sja?lvbesta?mmandeteorin underso?ktes hur motivationsklimatet sa?g ut, vilka styrkor det hade och vilka eventuella ha?lsorisker det kunde skapa i en grupp innebandyspelare i Superligan. Enligt sja?lvbesta?mmandeteorin har ma?nniskor tre grundla?ggande behov (autonomi, kompetens och samho?righet).

This study is mostly based on previous research, which includes Sub-national actor?s attitudes and regional action towards the European Union. The purpose of the study is to investigate if four Swedish municipalities in VÀrmland operate internationally towards the European Union and deepen an understanding of their actions. The main research question is: - How can we increase our understanding of municipal action against the European Union? The research questions of this study are answered through qualitative method and semi-structured interviews were conducted.

SUMMARYThe first and most basic skill a rider needs to learn is how to sit correctly in the saddle. This decides whether or not the rider will be able to follow the horse?s movements and use her riding aids in an efficient way. This correct seat is based on a straight line between the axis of the hip and heel. The seat must rest against the saddle with equal weight on both buttocks and the inside of the thighs.

Syftet med denna uppsats Àr att, utifrÄn debattsartiklar i Dagens Nyheter under januari ? juli 2009, undersöka vilken social position personer som, av tidningens ledarredaktion, benÀmns ?flyktingar?, ?invandrare? eller ?asylsökande? tilldelas av redaktionen i ett av samma redaktion beskrivet socialt rum. Undersökningen görs utifrÄn redaktionellt producerade debattartiklar innehÄllande orden integration, invandringspolitik, flyktingpolitik, integrationspolitik, invandrare, asyl, invandring, flykting, asylpolitik och med hjÀlp av Pierre Bourdieus teori om positioner och symboliska krig i det sociala rummet. Resultatet belyser att skribenterna ger flyktingar, invandrare och asylsökande en lÄg social position i det sociala rum som beskrivs i nutiden, men spridda sociala positioner i det sociala rum som beskrivs i framtiden; gruppen skall upplösas och positionerna spridas. Undantaget för denna framtidsvision Àr en grupp som av skribenterna beskrivs som ?terrorister?.

Med detta examensarbete vill vi belysa problematiken runt tredimensionell fastighetsbildning. Som objekt har vi anvÀnt oss av ett bergrum pÄ Liljeholmskajen i Stockholm..

The aim of this thesis is to study the market for fantastic fiction in Sweden, focusing on the minor publishers and their relationship with the three major publishing groups. The fantastic fiction in Swedish today are generally dominated by bestselling anglo-american authors, especially at the major publishers. The selection of fantastic fiction that is not originally in English and that diverges from the classic, epic high fantasy is often provided by minor publishers. By researching the range of fantastic fiction in Sweden today, and combining that research with qualitative interviews with informants from five minor publishers and Sweden's largest book shop for fantastic fiction, I wish to examine if the minor publishers provide an important alternative for Swedish readers of fantastic fiction. I also intend to investigate whether those publishers actively try to broaden the Swedish market and if they see themselves as a complement and an alternative rather than competing with the major publishers.This is a study in sociology of literature, focusing on a literary genre that is generally regarded as popular or trivial literature.

In claims for unfair dismissal due to alleged redundancy, the burden of proof should be shared to enable an employee to have the cause of redundancy tried. In such a case, the employee should present evidence of an invalid cause ? such as personal reasons ? and the employer should account for the redundancy. With reference to their conflicting interests, the law favours the employer if the redundancy can be accounted for even if the employee maintains his or her position. This would have been reasonable practice if the employer?s evidence was subject to the same scrutiny as that of the employee but, as long as redundancy is considered a valid cause in itself, this is not the case.Redundancy does not come from nowhere, but it occurs when employers carry out their management decisions.

The purpose of this essay is to describe and analyze the debate surrounding the construction of the 2011 years curriculum of the Swedish schools` religious studies. The debate is concerning whether or not Christianity should have a unique position in the curriculum against other religions. The method is to analyze the arguments by an argument analysis. The purpose is also to analyze the argumentation to see how secularization and pluralism have influenced the debate and the different standpoints. The essays material consists of debate articles from the four largest news sites on the internet.The most common argument for Christianity?s unique position is that Christianity has had an important role in the development of the Swedish society, culture and literature and is therefore important knowledge for understanding the Swedish society.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the position of the preschool teacher could come across in interviews with six teachers about their assignment to document and evaluate the preschool activity. The research done so far in this area shows that it can be a complex and difficult part of the preschool teachers work. A dilemma often described is how the teachers can be able to analyze and document the childrenÂŽs learning with the aim to evaluate and develop the preschool activity without judging and mapping the children. A special focus of the study was to see how the methods and dsicourses described by the teachers possibly could affect the teachersÂŽs position in the area of documentation and evaluation. To analyze the empirical data Ernesto Laclau (1935-2014) & Chantal MouffeÂŽs discourse theory was used, a prespective witch also figured to be the theoretical foundation of the master thesis.

In this modern period, societal and religious groups are strongly divided regarding the acceptability of abortion. Despite so many attempts by various groups to find a middle ground, the debate on abortion still remains largely polarized, at its most dramatic point with the extreme conservatives claiming abortion to be the moral equivalent of murder and the extreme liberals see it as devoid of moral import. And this polarization is due to the legal battle that continues to shadow moral discussions. An acceptance of an ethical nuance will here play as a concession on the deeply contested question of whether abortion should be a legally protected option for a woman, and to an extent blame for the continued crudeness which can be laid at the doorstep of a moral theory itself. Apparently, the ethical literature on abortion has focused almost exclusively on the tiniest moral assessment on whether and when abortion is morally permissible.