This essay deals with the diseases osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in a medieval population from Visby in Sweden. The aim has been to evaluate to what extent and in what way these diseases have influenced the people of a relatively large harbour town during the Middle Ages. 24 individuals were analysed osteologicaly and 19 of them became subject for measurements of bone density through DEXA readings. Furthermore four individuals were x-rayed based on external differences due to osteoarthritis and a change in the depression at the base of the medial surface of the greater trochanter. Similar studies have been made in Trondheim, Norway and Wharram Percy, Great Britain.

Around the 1950s an explosive population growth started in the Third World. Parallel with the population growth a global network grew up advocating population control and limited population growth. Sweden had a unique place in that network through a pioneering role promoting the issue in the UN organization. During the 20th century Sweden was a pioneer country in terms of initiatives for population control. Ceylon family planing pilot project was something new in a time when other donors considered family planning be too controversial area for bilateral aid projects.

Around the 1950s an explosive population growth started in the Third World. Parallel with the population growth a global network grew up advocating population control and limited population growth. Sweden had a unique place in that network through a pioneering role promoting the issue in the UN organization. During the 20th century Sweden was a pioneer country in terms of initiatives for population control. Ceylon family planing pilot project was something new in a time when other donors considered family planning be too controversial area for bilateral aid projects.

This report deals with life-history variation for Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), with special emphasis on age and size at maturity in females, in perch populations that have changed in size distribution. The collection of fish samples was made with multimesh gill nets year 2011. The perch?s length, height, weight, status of gonads has been analyzed, and by observing the opercular bone the age has been determined. In two lakes close to Umeå in northern Sweden, Fisksjön and Ängersjön, the live-history traits of perch have been studied.

Around the 1950s an explosive population growth started in the Third World. Parallel with the population growth a global network grew up advocating population control and limited population growth. Sweden had a unique place in that network through a pioneering role promoting the issue in the UN organization. During the 20th century Sweden was a pioneer country in terms of initiatives for population control. Ceylon family planing pilot project was something new in a time when other donors considered family planning be too controversial area for bilateral aid projects.

Examensarbetet undersöker prestandakostnader och flaskhalsar för spelgrafik samt beskiver vanliga optimerings tekniker som tillämpas i industrin. Rapporten ger sig på uppgiften att visa exempel på prestandakostnad. Det framgår att dagens spelgrafik är för komplex och situationsberoende för att komma med annat än enkla abstraktioner man kan använda sig att göra en estimation på prestanda..

Travelling All Inclusive implicate that a traveler goes on a trip where food, beverage, room and sometimes activities are included as everything is already paid in advance. The purpose with this study is to examine what it is that have motivated people to travel All Inclusive and to examine how people and travel companies reason about the possible economical effect All Inclusive have on a destination and a local population. We chose to conduct a survey over Facebook. As a complement to the survey and to find out how travel companies reflect on All Inclusives effects, we chose to implement email interviews with Ticket, Solresor and Airtours. The theories in this study focus on travel motivation, travel personalities and All Inclusive's impact on a destination and a local population.

The concerning issue of declining number of hunters in North America is also apparent in Europe and Sweden. When the bulk of research found on human dimensions and hunting participation has almost exclusively been done in the United States, this report seeks to add to the needed knowledge on a national level focusing on the causes of hunter declines related to social factors within Sweden. Using hunter data reaching from commune, county to National level, this report describes the correlation between a number of variables and the hunting participation in Sweden.The typical Swedish hunter lives in an area with low population density, the person usually has higher education, the living situation is stable with no recent moving and there is relatively good access to forest land. Persons with weaker connection to the Swedish culture such as foreign citizens, people with foreign background and people born outside ?the Nordic countries? are less likely to start hunt or participate in hunting.A strong relationship was found between the favorite game, moose (Alces alces), and the amount of hunters participating in the hunting.

The purpose of this master?s thesis is to study resource allocation among district libraries within Stockholm?s City Library (SSB) on three different occasions ? 1996, 2001 and 2005 ? and to examine whether there exist any inconsistency between the state of the allocation of resources and what might be considered reasonable. During the course of the study, it became apparent that some measurements are more relevant than others when determining whether the allocation of resources is reasonably fair. The most relevant ratio is the share of net cost per capita in relation to population and the population?s composition of children, youngsters and persons with foreign background as a result of relevant political governing documents giving priority to these three groups.

This paper is a literature review that examines how good mental calculation skills benefit pupils, which could work as a valuable learning tool for future teachers. The study addresses four key questions: ?What are the advantages of proficient mental calculations??, ?What strategies exist for mental calculation skills??, ?How can teachers accommodate their teaching to develop pupils? mental calculation skills?? and ?What has arithmetic looked like in different eras and what algorithms have been used??. Through literature searches in search engines, scientific articles were found, which formed the basis for the result segment. This was divided into two parts: A historical and a didactic overview.

I Kalmar kommun finns en datormodell över hela kommunens vattenledningsnät. Detta examensarbete gick ut på att med datormodellen samt med tryck- och flödesmätningar ge svar på ledningarnas kondition vad gäller råhetstal och eventuella dimensionsminskningar, samt framförallt läckagepotentialen i ledningarna. Målet var att få en så pass välkalibrerad modell att en avvikelse i tryck mellan det uppmätta och det beräknade värdet kunde detektera en flödesförändring, vilket i sin tur kunde bero på ett läckage. Modellen ska kunna användas som ett direkt läckageanalysinstrument. Beräkningsmetodiken som använts är State Estimation, som baseras på minsta kvadratmetoden.

The wild boar was reintroduced to Sweden in the 1970´s from enclosures that they had escaped from and by a government decision in 1988 they were considered a part of the natural fauna again. The purpose with this report is to examine the effects of the wild boars? reintroduction both on their welfare and on other aspects, such as how their population growth affects Sweden. This was done by gathering information from scientific literature and by performing three interviews. Another purpose is to briefly overlook live trapping and other common regulation methods.

In modern industrial robots the components in the transmission contain nonlinearities. These nonlinearities need to be to estimated either for better control or to use the parameters for diagnosis of the system. There is a lot of work done within system identification and mainly within the field of iterative parameter estimation.This thesis considers recursive grey-box identification for a nonlinear model of the transmission in an industrial robot. The nonlinearities that are identified are friction, spring stiffnes, hysteresis and backlash. These nonlinearities are a part of the models that are presented in this thesis.

The purpose of this study was to examine interpersonal problems and its relationship to the working alliance in psychotherapy. To examine this, data was used from Umeå and Lund University psychology practice client database, which clients responded to by using the self-assessment scales Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales and the Working Alliance Inventory. The sample consisted of 201 participants that answered the questionnaires both before and after psychotherapy. A second sample consisted of 93 clients who specifically sought help for interpersonal problems. Results showed that the level of interpersonal problems before and after psychotherapy changes.

The natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) is one of three species of toads living in Sweden. During the last decades declines in population numbers have been detected and are thought to be primarily due to loss of habitat, overgrown breeding ponds and competition from common toad (Bufo bufo) and common frog (Rana temporaria). In 2012 20 ponds in the location of Glommeskallen in Smögen were restored by clearing the ponds from overgrowth. The aim of this study was to investigate if natterjack toads used the restored ponds and if the restoration had made an impact on the natterjack population on the location. Presence of common toad and common frog was recorded, as was the presence of eggs and larvae of any of the three species.