The economic analysis of building contracts is an unexplored field within Law and Economics. This paper makes an attempt to cast some light over the subject and encourage to more research within the field. The main purpose has been to describe why the actual price in a public construction project often turns out to be higher than the contract price and offer a way of handle that risk. In the paper a model is set up that shows an optimal contract given expectations on actual price and gaps in contracts. Cost increases for the buyer can mainly be explained by two situations.

This study illuminates one part of the mathematic teaching in school, which is mathematical problem solving in groups. It examines teacher?s and student?s ideas about what conditions it takes to be able to learn in groups. Further on, it studies the importance of group structure when it comes to working with mathematical problem solving in groups from a process focused and/or a product focused learning. Through observations of student groups and interviews with the students and the mathematic teachers, the material has been compiled and analysed under three different headings: conditions for learning in a mathematical problem solving situation, importance of group structure in a mathematical problem solving situation and process versus product.

Drygt 1,6 miljoner barn och ungdomar deltar i någon form av idrottslig verksamhet, man kan alltså påstå att idrotten, näst efter skolan, är vår största gemensamma socialisationsarena. Samtidigt så finns mycket lite forskat på vilken betydelse idrotten har och betydelsen av ledarna ur barnen och ungdomarnas perspektiv. Denna studie har syftat till att belysa denna kunskapsbrist och söka svar på frågeställningar utifrån de två övergripande temana; idrottens roll som socialisationsarena och ledarnas betydelse. För detta har valts ett kvantitativt angreppssätt med en enkätundersökning riktat till drygt 80 barn och ungdomar, aktiva i sex olika idrotter i en mellansvensk kommun. Resultaten har sedan analyserats statistiskt.

Denna studie är en litteraturstudie med syftet att se hur kunskapen ser ut om hörselskadade barns psykosociala situation samt hur barnen identifierar sig i förhållande till den döva och den hörande världen. För att få mer helhet och djup i studien inkluderas även döva barn samt barn som fötts döva och fått cochleaimplantat inopererat. Frågeställningarna omfattar de hörselskadade barnens mentala hälsa/välbefinnande, identitetsutveckling, sociala relationer, samt CI-opererade barns situation. Som en särskild grupp när det gäller hälsa/välbefinnande redovisas även hörselskadade barn med tilläggsfunktionshinder.Studien är gjord som en systematisk kunskapsöversikt där sökningar gjorts i olika databaser för vetenskapliga artiklar och litteratur. När det gäller böcker så har databasen LIBRIS använts och vad gäller artiklar har ELIN, Pubmed, PsychINFO samt ERIC använts.

Background: The oral health is a problem for many people with psychical disabilities. The reason for that is among other things that the psychical disabilities could do it hard to handle fundamental routines in the everyday life. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to describe how the nursing staff experienced their situation about their work with oral health in persons with psychical disabilities. Method: The study has been done as an overview and the data has been analysed with content analysis. Result: Two head categories were identified; barrier that influence the ability to perform the work with oral health and barrier that influence the performance of the work with oral health.

Families of children with disabilities often have many different contacts with professional representing different principals. This places high demands on their professional work together to meet the needs of families and use resources efficiently. The method used is a literature review which aims to describe what is needed to achieve good collaboration between different professions around families with children with disabilities, and that from an organizational perspective to examine why there are often gaps in collaboration and how this affects the parents' life situation.The theories in this study originated from organizational and sociological theories. The most central concept in this study is collaboration from an organizational perspective. The results show that the interaction is problematic, due to that collaborative organizations often have rules which are incompatible and a lack of accountability on who is liable makes impairment in the interaction.

Background: To be a parent to a child dying of cancer affect not just the parents themselves, but the whole family. Experiences of fear, powerlessness and anxiety surrounds them. Nurses need knowledge about parents? experiences to help and support these parents adequately. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe parents? experiences of losing a child to cancer, from diagnosis to the child?s death.

The objective of this study was to investigate how power relationships between journalists and politicians were shown in the fictional BBC tv-series ?The Hour?. We wanted to investigate how these power structures is narrated by the producers of the series and what impact the narration could have to the audiance of the 21th century.We choose to analyse a total of 12 scenes from all of the six episodes, which are all set in Britain during the beginning of the Suez Canal crisis in the 1950?s, all seen from a BBC editorial point of view.In our analysis we chose to use two different kind of methods, the first one was a situation analysis and the second one a text analysis. The situation method was useful to get a perception of the relations between the participants .The text analysis we used to analyse what was said in the tv-series and to interpret underlying motives.The fictional form necessitated a personalization of power structures, in the sense that each and every power was represented by a single character; political power was for instance represented by the character of Angus McCain.

Varje år blir cirka 100 000 barn i Sverige inlagda på sjukhus. De flesta har minst en förälder med sig under sjukhusvistelsen. För föräldrarna är detta ofta en mycket stressande och orolig tid oavsett barnets sjukdomsdiagnos. Hur föräldrar blir bemötta i vården varierar trots att det idag förespråkas familjecentrerad vård med deltagande föräldrar och omtanke om hela familjen. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av att ha sitt barn på sjukhus.

The aim of this study is to examine how teachers and school librarians view the concept of information literacy in relation to their students, and to find factors that affect their undertakings to make their students information literate. In order to accomplish this, qualitative interviews have been carried out with teachers and school librarians at four Swedish junior high schools. The theoretical framework of this study is the seven faces of information literacy developed by Christine Bruce. The empirical material has been analysed firstly by finding themes that are of importance for the work with information literacy, and secondly by placing the interviewees? commentaries on information literacy in Bruce´s seven faces of information literacy.

Detta examensarbetes syfte var att ta reda på ifall en skola i Skåne ger pojkar och flickor lika goda möjligheter och förutsättningar för lärande, genom att ur ett genusperspektiv undersöka tre pedagogers förhållningssätt vad det gäller talutrymmet och det språkliga samspelet med eleverna. För att uppnå mitt syfte har jag under sammanlagt nio lektioner observerat hur pedagogerna fördelat talutrymmet och hur många frågor samt följdfrågor de ställt till pojkar respektive flickor i klasserna. Jag har även tittat närmare på vilken sorts uppmärksamhet pedagogerna gett eleverna samt hur de valt att placera elevernas bänkar i klassrummet. Tidigare forskning från 90-talet visade att pojkar hade bäst möjligheter och förutsättningar för lärande bl.a. eftersom de fick större talutrymme än flickor. Pojkar fick även flest antal frågor av pedagogen och fick vidareutveckla sina svar oftare än flickor.

The purpose of the study was to describe the nurse´s role and experiences aroundpreparation of children in front of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) placement andblood draw. The study used a descriptive design with qualitative approach and wasperformed on a pediatric clinic in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were performedwith seven nurses of whom the first was a pilot interview, which was included in theresult. The recruitment of nurses was made by a purposeful sampling, maximumvariation sampling, with help of the quality coordinator of the pediatric clinic. Thecollected data was analyzed with the manifest qualitative content method.

Syftet med studien är att få en djupare förståelse för elevers motivation till skolarbete kontra sin specialidrott. Vidare är syftet att undersöka om elevers grupptillhörighet påverkar motivationen och deras arbetsinsats för skolarbetet. Denna studie redogör för forskning om elevers förhållningssätt till lärande och vikten av meningsfulla möten i skolan och dess betydelse för motivationen. Vidare lyfts forskning om pojkars förhållningssätt till skolan samt kamrateffekter när det gäller motivation och prestation i skolan. Detta jämförs sedan mot elevers synpunkter och tankar kring fenomenet.

This work has been to find out what attitude the boys have towards dancing. To gather material conducted interviews with four boys from Sweden and four boys from South Africa to examine the boy?s attitude towards dancing. I wanted answers if the gender, culture or generation has an effect on the boys' attitude to dance. Two interviews were made with a teacher in Sweden and one in South Africa, which had responsibility for dance lessons at the school.

In recent years there has been a growing interest directed towards focusing on the importance of clear evidence for interventions in social work. To enable the measurement it?s necessary to develop concrete models with manuals on how social work should be designed. Evaluation of the benefits is made in relation to how well the method can detect evidence of clear measurable results. When measuring the result it?s of importance to emphasis on pre and post the situation, not the situation where social work takes place.