Both serum creatinine and measuring GFR can be used to evaluate renal function in dogs suspected to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although high creatinine levels usually indicate renal disease, normal creatinine levels can be present in dogs with decreased renal filtration. Measuring GFR is generally believed to be the most accurate way of detecting decreased renal filtration and scintigraphy GFR using 99mTc-DTPA has been found to correlate well with the ?gold standard? inulin clearance method.When measuring GFR by scintigraphy, 99mTc-DTPA is injected intravenously and radioactive decay of technetium gives rise to gamma radiation, which is registered by a gamma camera. Pictures and curves of radioactivity in the kidneys are generated by means of a computer program.

Syftet med detta arbete var att genom litteraturstudier kartlägga använd-ningen av slaktblod i Sverige. Då dagens debatt angående kött-konsumtionens miljöpåverkan inte tar upp tillvaratagandet av slaktbi-produkter var även detta en intressant aspekt att titta närmare på. Kartläggningen har koncentrerats på uppsamlingen och använd¬¬¬ningen av slaktblod från gris då detta är mest förekommande inom livsmedels-framställning i Sverige. Informationen har hämtats från vetenskapliga artiklar och studier som hittats via databaser. Studierna är främst från de 20 senaste åren men även tidigare då det inte alltid funnits tillräckligt med ny forskning och resultat att ta del av. I Sverige används slaktblod främst till biogödsel, energiutvinning och djur-foder men även en del till livsmedelsframställning via förädling till Plasma-protein och hemoglobinpulver. Plasmaprotein används i stor ut¬sträckning som emulgeringsmedel i charkuteriprodukter och hemoglobin¬pulvret går främst till tillverkningen av blodmat. Hur stora andelar som går till respek-tive process är inte fullständigt kartlagt.

This master thesis was conducted in order to investigate the effects of the browsing species Yeheb on animal tissues in Swedish landrace goats and to make a literature review in order to increase the knowledge of the importance of this plant for livestock production in Somalia. The evergreen Yeheb bush is a very important feeding source for grazing and browsing animals in Somalia during the dry period. Yeheb contains cordeauxiaquinone that stains the bones of the animals red/pink, which has been an increasing problem when exporting meat to foreign countries. In an experiment, two goats were fed dry and fresh leaves from the Yeheb bush for one and two months, respectively. The goats did not feed the intended amount of dry leaves, since the supply and palatability was not as high as estimated.

This master thesis was conducted in order to investigate the effects of the browsing species Yeheb on animal tissues in Swedish landrace goats and to make a literature review in order to increase the knowledge of the importance of this plant for livestock production in Somalia. The evergreen Yeheb bush is a very important feeding source for grazing and browsing animals in Somalia during the dry period. Yeheb contains cordeauxiaquinone that stains the bones of the animals red/pink, which has been an increasing problem when exporting meat to foreign countries. In an experiment, two goats were fed dry and fresh leaves from the Yeheb bush for one and two months, respectively. The goats did not feed the intended amount of dry leaves, since the supply and palatability was not as high as estimated.

Tissue factor (TF), a 47 kDa glycoprotein, is the initiator of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and consequently of the upmost importance when damage to blood vessel occurs. The source of TF in circulation has been investigated. However, the source of TF is still not clear. One theory is that platelets express and increases the expression of TF after stimulation and the aim of our report was to investigate whether platelets really are a source for TF in circulation.Using specific primers for TF mRNA, platelets in Plasma from healthy volunteers and from patients suffering from cardiac infarction were analyzed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gel electrophoresis was performed after amplification of TF mRNA to verify the results.The samples were negative for TF when using real-time PCR and the few positive all had cycle threshold (Ct) values above 35.

This master thesis was conducted in order to investigate the effects of the browsing species Yeheb on animal tissues in Swedish landrace goats and to make a literature review in order to increase the knowledge of the importance of this plant for livestock production in Somalia. The evergreen Yeheb bush is a very important feeding source for grazing and browsing animals in Somalia during the dry period. Yeheb contains cordeauxiaquinone that stains the bones of the animals red/pink, which has been an increasing problem when exporting meat to foreign countries. In an experiment, two goats were fed dry and fresh leaves from the Yeheb bush for one and two months, respectively. The goats did not feed the intended amount of dry leaves, since the supply and palatability was not as high as estimated.

Det finns en utbredd rädsla för skott och andra höga ljud, däribland fyrverkerier, hos våra hundar och många behandlar sina djur med receptbelagda läkemedel för att underlätta den stressfyllda situationen. Vid sidan av dessa läkemedel, med kända biverkningar, finns preparat som säljs receptfritt i handeln. Zylkene® är en produkt som utvecklats av företaget MSD Animal Health och innehåller trypsinhydrolyserat bovint ?s1-kasein. Utvecklaren rekommenderar användning av Zylkene® vid situationer som upplevs som stress- och ångestfyllda för hundar och katter, däribland fyrverkerier.

This master thesis was conducted in order to investigate the effects of the browsing species Yeheb on animal tissues in Swedish landrace goats and to make a literature review in order to increase the knowledge of the importance of this plant for livestock production in Somalia. The evergreen Yeheb bush is a very important feeding source for grazing and browsing animals in Somalia during the dry period. Yeheb contains cordeauxiaquinone that stains the bones of the animals red/pink, which has been an increasing problem when exporting meat to foreign countries. In an experiment, two goats were fed dry and fresh leaves from the Yeheb bush for one and two months, respectively. The goats did not feed the intended amount of dry leaves, since the supply and palatability was not as high as estimated.

This master thesis was conducted in order to investigate the effects of the browsing species Yeheb on animal tissues in Swedish landrace goats and to make a literature review in order to increase the knowledge of the importance of this plant for livestock production in Somalia. The evergreen Yeheb bush is a very important feeding source for grazing and browsing animals in Somalia during the dry period. Yeheb contains cordeauxiaquinone that stains the bones of the animals red/pink, which has been an increasing problem when exporting meat to foreign countries. In an experiment, two goats were fed dry and fresh leaves from the Yeheb bush for one and two months, respectively. The goats did not feed the intended amount of dry leaves, since the supply and palatability was not as high as estimated.

Detta examensarbete handlar om lärarskildringar, hur de ser ut, hur de kan förstås och vilken betydelse de kan tänkas ha. Syftet är att visa och analysera de bilder av lärare som gestaltas i ett urval av svenska tv-serier för barn och unga. Undersökningens frågeställningar är följande: Vad är det för bilder av lärare och skola som skildras i svenska tv-serier för barn och unga? Vilka utmärkande egenskaper och karaktärsdrag har de lärare som gestaltas? Vad finns det för likheter och skillnader mellan lärarna? Hur påverkas skildringarna av den tid som återspeglas? För att besvara dessa frågor har scener i skolmiljö studerats genom observation. Den teoretiska grunden vilar på en socialkonstruktivistisk teori och därtill begrepp som narrativ, diskurs, identitet och genus.

Platelet transfusions can be necessary during treatment of patients with thrombocytopenia or impaired platelet function. Platelet function in platelet concentrates (PC) deteriorate with storage time. Studying swirling is often used to control the quality of PC?s before transfusion but the method has some disadvantages. Therefore other methods can be useful, for example impedance aggregometry (IA, Multiplate® Analyzer) to measure platelet function.     In this study the change in platelet function over time was examined in buffy coat and apheresis platelets with IA where aggregation had been induced with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen.

The dairy cow?s ability to resume estrus after calving and to conceive is affected by their metabolic status after calving. For high yielding cows there is a high risk that the feed intake will not be sufficient to cope with the increased energy demands after calving, and the cow will end up in a state of negative energy balance. Energy balance can be measured in various ways, for example by body condition score or by Plasma concentration of several metabolic hormones and metabolites. After calving, endocrine pathways stimulate tissue mobilization; insulin signaling is blocked, the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) and leptin decreases, and the concentration of growth hormone (GH) increases.

This study has been made to evaluate if there is a significant difference between non-estral intact versus ovariohysterectomized queens in their production of estradiol after exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation. The purpose is to find a tool, which can help to diagnose if a free-roaming queen is already ovariohysterectomized or not. There are also other situations where this tool could be useful, for example to diagnose the ovarian remnant syndrome. Previous studies in bitches have shown that GnRH-stimulation is an excellent tool to diagnose the presence of ovaries in the bitch. Eleven ovariohysterectomized and eleven intact queens have been included in this study where we have analyzed Plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations before and after a single intramuscular injection of the GnRH agonist buserelin (Receptal?).

Denna rapport behandlar en undersökning vars syfte var att finna en ersättande kemikalie ellermetod till den nu använda metoden för att bryta ner magnetitpartiklar i ett vattenprov för attanalysera dess järnhalt. I den nuvarande metoden används tioglykolsyra för att lösa uppmagnetiten innan analys i ICP-MS (induktivt kopplat Plasma ? masspektrometer).Tioglykolsyra är giftig och dessutom påfrestande för analysinstrumenten och därmed inteönskvärd. Försöken i denna utredning utfördes genom att byta ut tioglykolsyran mot saltsyra,svavelsyra eller EDTA, samt att ändra temperatur eller tid i uppvärmning av provet.Utredningen visade att saltsyra inte är en fungerande ersättande kemikalie, att svavelsyramöjligen kan fungera, även om vidare utredning krävs för att finna de optimala förhållandenamellan tid, temperatur och koncentration av syran, samt att EDTA kanske också kan fungera.Utredningen visade även att istället för att analysera i en ICP-MS verkade det som att detskulle kunna fungera att analysera färskvattenprover (prover utan förbehandling) i en AAS(atomabsorptionsspektrometer) med grafitugn. För att veta med säkerhet ifall tioglykolsyragår att ersätta behövs vidare utredning för AAS med grafitugn, svavelsyra och EDTA.

The ability to detect protein-based biomarkers, which are linked to different diseases like colorectal cancer, is very important as a diagnostic tool. Usually complex biological samples like blood are studied which will contribute to different technical issues when performing an assay. The aim with the project is to optimize and develop the high throughput protein detection technique Proximity Extension Assay, PEA, into a 96-plex panel, in hopes of discovering an expression profile for colorectal cancer. PEA was developed by Olink Bioscience and allows specific proteins in a sample to be quantitatively transformed into nucleic acid sequences that are subsequently detected and quantified with real-time PCR. Two proximity probes containing oligonucleotide sequences bind pairwise to target protein and when brought in proximity, a DNA polymerase will extend a hybridization arm from one probe over to the second forming a double-stranded DNA sequence that can serve as a template in real-time PCR.