The aim of this project was to look into ten small sewer systems in the municipality of Laholm, in Sweden, in order to work out common assessment grounds for them. The sizes of the systems for purification of wastewater were within the range of 25 to 2000 population equivalents. Our method was to study literature, the laws and regulations applicable and the files at the municipality. The conclusion is that every sewer system is different and every situation is unique. We concluded that based on laws and assessment grounds sewer systems equal in size and pollution load ought to have similar demands attached to them.

I den här uppsatsen har vi undersökt vilka värderingar drivkrafter och behov som finns bland fordonstillverkaren Scanias unga akademiker, vilka i undersökningen går under benämningen Young Professionals. Detta i syfte att utröna varför Young Professionals lämnar Scania och vilka faktorer som är avgörande för att skapa ett attraktivare Scania bland denna målgrupp samt att komma fram till lämpliga åtgärder som i största möjliga mån kan förmå dem att stanna inom företaget. Undersökningen bedrevs genom användande av kvalitativa intervjuer och fokusgrupper vilket resulterade i ett antal faktorer framkom som viktiga för denna målgrupp.Dessa faktorer är chefskapet, missnöje med företagets engagemang och tillvaratagande på den enskilde individens driv, motivation och kunskaper samt inre processer som är alldeles för segdragna vilket mynnar ut i frustration hos YP och därigenom leder till motivationstapp..

Forestry in Sweden is currently conducted in a manner aiming at equating the production objectives and the biodiversity. To ensure that biodiversity is maintained, patches that are considered to be valuable now or in the future is saved in final fellings. How the tree retention areas will grow into the future forest stands is yet unknown.The purpose of this study was to visualize how different scenarios of natural consideration taken at final felling will evolve in a long term perspective, for two rotation periods. Projections of the forest conditions were executed with the decision support system Heureka and its applications PlanStart and PlanWise. The information about the projected forests was then used for the visualizations which were created in the software Visual Nature Studio.

Under studietiden kan studenten möjligen inte ses som en lönsam kund för banken. Det finns dock en potential inför framtiden då studenten blir yrkesarbetande eftersom dennes inkomst förväntas att öka. Det torde därför finnas ett intresse för banken att kvarhålla studenten som kund vid den kritiska händelsen då denne blir yrkesarbetande. Detta leder fram till magisteruppsatsens syfte, vilket är att undersöka vilken beredskap Nordea har för att kvarhålla studenter som kunder inför och under den kritiska händelsen då de blir yrkesarbetande. Teorier gällande relation, kritisk händelse samt retention (kvarhållande) har använts i magisteruppsatsens studie.

The field trial Exploatering av höga P-AL-tal (Exploiting P in heavily P dressed soils) started in 1982-1983 and included seventeen study sites placed across Sweden. Each site included three treatments, one unfertilized control (A), one aiming at replenishment of harvest removal, i.e. fertilized with 15 kg P ha-1 year-1 (B) and one over-fertilized (C) with 30 kg P ha-1 year-1. In this thesis data from the five longestrunning study sites are analysed based on four hypotheses. The hypotheses stated that in soils with high P-AL values and a pH over 6.0 P-AL will not decrease over time in the control (A) or in the replenishment treatment (B), that P-AL and P-HCl in the top soil will increase at all sites for the over-fertilized treatment (C) and that yields will not decrease as long as the P-AL is above 12 mg P 100 g-1 soil. My conclusions from the analysis of data from the selected sites are as follows: - A pH above 6.0 cannot guarantee a stable P-AL value in an unfertilized but phosphorus-rich soil. - The P-AL of unfertilized soils decreased faster at lower soil pH than at higher pH. - In the replenishment treatment (B) the rate of P-AL decrease seems to fall at a pH of 6.5. However, the influence of the soil type cannot be ignored. - P-AL and P-HCl did not increase in all over-fertilized treatments.

Forestry is an important industry in Sweden, with clear-cut as the most commonly used method for harvesting. Here the long-term impact of clear-cut on lake water quality (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen, phosphorus and pH) has been investigated, based on 23 lakes sampled during autumn. Data for additional 15 lakes sampled for the Swedish monitoring program were also used. Lakes were classified as 5, 25, 40 and 60 year based on data of the forest age in the catchment, gathered from the Swedish national forest inventory. Clear-cut lakes were classified as 5 years (>20% of the catchment clear-cut during the last 10 years).

Agricultural land could be polluted by radioactive substances after a fallout. We would then need information about the level of contamination to decide whether the crops could be utilized as food under these circumstances. In an experiment carried out during the 1990ies the retention of 134Cs in potato haulm and the transfer to the tubers were studied. The experiment was carried out during three consecutive years. The plants were cultivated in pots under field conditions and the artificial deposition was sprayed directly onto the potato haulm at different times during the growing season.

Purpose: The Swedish correctional service is on the brink of its biggest expansion in history, due to political investments related to battling a rise in gang related criminality. The purpose of this thesis is to exam and understand the strategic competence supply work from an employer perspective and investigate the elements included in the Swedish correctional service competence supply form a regional perspective. The study specifically focus on what strategies the Swedish correctional service employ to attract, recruit, develop and retain workforce. Theory: The theoretical framework of the study includes among others, a model divided into three different phases (within, in and out) within competence supply, the demand-control-support model, push and pull factors, as well as the two-factor theory. Method: This study has a qualitative approach with semi structured interview as its specific method. A total of seven interviews were conducted with personnel within the swedish correctional service. Results: The main challenges are related to recruitment, staff retention, support of managers, and the fact that many correctional officers do not have time to complete their training before leaving. The latter is particularly significant are of concern.

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of C?ronis beeswax varnish by Lefranc & Bourgeois; its contents, aging properties, solubility, and possible removal methods, with G?teborgs Konstmuseum?s ?Gothenburg Museum of Art? collection as the stud??s material? The purpose of the study is to provide a basis for decision-making regarding the treatment of works treated with C?ronis wax varnish. The study is based on contemporary conservation theory and interpretation-based decision-making and utilizes FTIR, microscopy, and solubility tests to examine the properties of the varnish. The study shows that C?ronis does not appear to be harmful to the treated works and has retained its solubility properties and transparency over time.

Hur stor den naturliga kväveavskiljningen är från utsläpp av kväve tills att utsläppet når havet, är väldigt svårt att mäta. Den procentuella avskiljningen, skillnaden mellan brutto- och nettobelastning även kallad retention, skattas därför ofta med vattenkvalitetsmodeller som försöker beskriva de naturliga processer som sker. Beräkningsmodellerna är en förenklad beskrivning av verkligheten och ett hjälpmedel för att få en överblick över t.ex. närsaltsbelastning och retention i ett område.I svenska vatten, sker kväverening främst i sjöar, genom denitrifikation, dvs omvandling av oorganiskt kväve i form av nitrat till kvävgas och permanent sedimentering av föreningar som innehåller oorganiska och organiska kväve. Därför är det viktigt att beskriva processer i sjöar adekvat om trovärdiga modeller för att förutsäga flöden av kväve ska utvecklas och användas.Målet med projektet har varit att förbättra resultatet för beräkning av kväveavskiljning i sjöar för storskalig modellering med S-HYPE främst med avseende på denitrifikation men också i djupare sjöar där modellen idag överskattar kväveavskiljningen.

Studien ?r en j?mf?relseanalys med en mellangruppsdesign d?r den oberoende variabeln (presentationsmodalitet: text vs audiovisuell) manipulerades f?r att unders?ka modaliteternas effekt p? minnesretention av krisinformation. I den ena betingelsen fick deltagarna l?sa elva sidor ur broschyren Om krisen eller kriget kommer, utgiven av Myndigheten f?r samh?llsskydd och beredskap (MSB). I den andra betingelsen fick en annan grupp deltagare ta del av ett audiovisuellt format av samma elva sidor.

The economic prerequisite to many farmers in Sweden after the EU membership and the new agriculture policy has generated large demands on the farm management. Until year 2004 you got a grant based on what you had produced and not on consumer demand. In 2005 a new economic aid (Mid Term Revue) was introduced and the conditions has changed again. Due to this I have chosen to do a cost-benefit analysis on a case, to investigate if the present production is sustainable in the future. My conclusion is that the profitability is acceptable even if the farm has a high debt. But to make the production more profitable the products produced should be refined as much as possible at the farm, to get maximum economic return.

Yesterdays common fertilizing strategy was to apply phosphor (P) and potassium (K) in thefall a few times in the crop rotation. In the spring only nitrogen (N) was applied. Recent trialsand studies has shown that this strategy, N+P/PK, is ineffective compared with the systemwhere NPK is spread every year in the spring. The strategy with annual NPK-fertilizer in thespring has proven to be better for the crop, the environment and the farmers economy.In the NPK-system the crop responds with higher yields and better quality, especially in thespring cereals. This is mainly because of an interaction between the different nutrients in thefertilizer.

Introduktion: Karies är en infektionssjukdom som orsakas av bakterier från den orala mikrofloran. Gropar och fåror i de första permanenta kindtänderna är de vanligaste platserna för kariesskador. Därför är behandling och prevention av karies i dessa ytor av stor betydelse i dagens barntandvård. En metod för att förhindra kariesuppkomsten är fissurförsegling, en applikation av plast direkt i de djupa fissurerna på kindtändernas tuggytor. Det saknas dock tillräckliga vetenskapliga studier gällande fissurförsegling som kariesförebyggande metod och därför behövs aktuell kunskap inom detta område. Syfte: Att beskriva effekten av fissurförsegling som kariesförebyggande metod.Frågeställningar: 1.

This study was performed in an afforestation experiment established 1982 on an abandoned peat harvesting area, Flakmossen, in the province of Värmland, SW Sweden. The experimen-tal design include planting with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), in combination with various drainage intensities (20, 30, and 40 m between ditches), and fertilizer doses 0, 100, and 200 g PK per seedling applied at the date of planting. The aim of this study was to achieve more knowledge about the conditions on afforestation of peat harvesting areas, especially regarding drainage intensity and fertilization requirements, by means of determining the stand growth and yield in the Flakmossen trial. The forest growth did not differ significantly between the drainage intensities tested when the same amount of phosphor and potassium fertilizer was added. Thus, shorter distances between ditches than 40 m can not be recommended. When no fertilization was carried out seedling survival was very low, and the growth of sur-vived seedlings was poor. The largest diameter and height growth were observed in the areas where the highest dose of phosphorus and potassium (200g/seedling) was given.