This thesis is a chronological survey over the hut and house remains from the Stone Age to the Early Middle Ages in Eastern Central Sweden. The thesis also contains a test which I have conducted to see which investigation method had the best results in identifying house remains at an archaeological site. I subsequently discuss the result of this test, what it represents and also what may be done differently in order to get other types of results..

Bakgrund: Balanced Scorecard är traditionellt en effektivitetsmodell där mätning av verksamheten sker vertikalt utifrån vanligen fem olika perspektiv. Kvalitet är ett oundvikligt inslag i de flesta organisationer varför det blir viktigt att kvalitet genomsyrar hela organisationen.Syfte: Att beskriva och analysera mätbarheten hos kvalitet utifrån fem olika perspektiv i ett Balanced Scorecard (finansiellt, kund, interna processer, medarbetare och innovation/utveckling).Avgränsningar: Vi har valt att studera endast en variabel, kvalitet, för att se om denna variabel skulle kunna läggas till den traditionella Balanced Scorecard-modellen. Vi beaktar endast kvantitativa mått i studien.Genomförande: Vi har gjort en förstudie där två styrkort tagits fram. Därefter har vi genomfört personliga intervjuer med dels personer som säljer Balanced Scorecard-konceptet, dels personer som anses mer distanserade till konceptet. Samtliga av dessa respondenter fick också fylla i en kompletterande enkät.

Från att tidigare använt sig av budget som styrmedel har många av dagens företag börjat söka efter nya och kompletterande styrmetoder. Balanced scorecard utvecklades i syfte att fylla det behov som fanns för alternativa och kompletterande styrmetoder. Balanced scorecard består huvudsakligen av fyra perspektiv. Dessa perspektiv är: det finansiella, kund-, process- och förnyelseperspektivet. Vårt huvudsakliga intresse i dena uppsats har fokuserats på förnyelseperspektivet samt medarbetarnas kompetens som en viktig framgångsfaktor för att nå de mål vilka företaget ställt upp.

Sedan 1980-talet har organisationers ekonomistyrning förändrats och år 1992 introducerades Balanced Scorecard av Robert S. Kaplan och David P. Norton. Med användandet av Balanced Scorecard ligger fokus på både finansiella nyckeltal och icke-finansiella nyckeltal som tillsammans leder företaget mot ett långsiktigt strategiskt mål. Vid införandet av Balanced Scorecard är det av betydelse att hänsyn tas till attityden hos organisationens medarbetare för att förändringen ska bli framgångsrik.

Today`s society requires that municipalities focus must be more on effectivity and quality. Because of this it is important for municipalities to look after the controlling systems. Many municipalities choose to adopt models that reflect the efficacy. The municipality of Vellinge has chosen to implement balanced scorecard in all their efficacies. We found it interesting when it was exposed that 70 % of all implementations of balanced scorecard fails.

Today`s society requires that municipalities focus must be more on effectivity and quality. Because of this it is important for municipalities to look after the controlling systems. Many municipalities choose to adopt models that reflect the efficacy. The municipality of Vellinge has chosen to implement balanced scorecard in all their efficacies. We found it interesting when it was exposed that 70 % of all implementations of balanced scorecard fails.

Title:Balanced scorecard in the public sector - the balancing of conflicting objectives.Level:Final assignment for Bachelor of Science in Business Administration.Authors:Erika Sundström and Lisette Lundstedt.Tutor:Stig Sörling and Tomas Källquist.Date:2014-05-20.Purpose:The purpose of our study, from a management perspective, is to increase understanding of how the public sector can develop and use the balanced scorecard to balance conflicting objectives.Method:Hermeneutic approach, Literature review, Qualitative case study.Result and conclusion:Under certain conditions, the balanced scorecard can help to deal with conflicting objectives in a public organization. Stakeholders and objectives are important factors for a balanced control. This is due to the fact that many different stakeholders often leads to the creation of conflicting objectives. Numerous and unclear objectives lead to both conflict and uncertainty. The organization?s structure and culture are other factors that also influence.

Bakgrund: Finansiella mått har i alla tider använts av företag för att avläsa resultat. På senare tid har även vikten av mått på icke finansiella faktorer uppmärksammats. Som en följd har resultatmätningssystemet Balanced Scorecard vuxit fram. Balanced Scorecard sägs bland annat leda till förbättrad kommunikation och information inom organisationerna samt en ökad grad av måluppfyllelse. Trots den stora litteraturmängden rörandes Balanced Scorecard saknas information om vad som krävs för att organisationer skall kunna utvärdera om de väntade effekterna uppstår vid införandet av ett styrkort.

AbstractBachelor thesis G3 in Business Administration, Linnaeus University School of Businessand Economics, Financial Control, 2FE90E, Spring Semester 2010Authors: Kennerth Eriksson and Leo H KochAdvisor: Lars-Göran AidemarkTitle: Balanced Scorecard in governmental organizations ? About, how and its meaning.Background:  The Balanced Scorecard is a Control System that includes both financial andnon-financial measures which intend to link the short-term business management with the long term vision and strategy. Businesses in the public sectors are different fromthe private sector on several levels and they often seek to reach multiple targets.Therefore, their choice of Control System becomes interesting. According to the SwedishNational Financial Management Authority (Ekonomistyrningsverket) among others, thereis no clear knowledge of how widespread the Balanced Scorecard is in governmentalorganizations. The lack of that knowledge is one of the questions at issue with this thesis.Is it only a few organizations that are using the Balanced Scorecard or parts of the model?Another question at issue is about how the Balanced Scorecard is used in the point ofcontrolling in the organizations we chose to investigate further.Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is partly to investigate the existence and use of theBalanced Scorecard in governmental organizations and partly to describe the design ofthe Balanced Scorecard in the studied organizations and explain why they have chosen towork with the Balanced Scorecard and what impact it has on them.Demarcation: The first part of this study has been demarked to only look at the existenceof the Balanced Scorecard in governmental organizations.

Abstract Title: From Theory to Practice - A case study of Balanced Scorecard at the disability management in the municipality of Karlskrona Authors: Erica Isacsson and Marthina JohannessonSupervisor: Elin K. FunckExaminer: Lars-Göran AidemarkContact person at the disability management in the municipality of Karlskrona: Claes Wiridén, DirectorSchool: School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, VäxjöCourse: 4Fe03E, Thesis, 30 ECTS credits.Date: 2011-05-27Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and explain how the Disability Management thinks that their Balanced Scorecard will be used, namely what is the planned use. We will also describe and explain how the balanced scorecard is actually used.Methodology: We have conducted an abductive, qualitative case study. The empirical material is collected through interviews, observations internal as well as external written material. The theoretical framework is based on the published texts in books, scholarly articles and dissertations.

In conjunction with an overview of the organizational structure of the municipality of Arvika the Balanced Scorecard was introduced as a management model. After the Balanced Scorecard has been in use over a period of years the conception of it varies throughout the organization.The purpose of this study is identifying which factors are facilitating and which factors are obstructing when implementing the Balanced Scorecard in the municipality of Arvika. This is a case study of the staff organization of the municipality of Arvika. The study is explanatory as our objective is to describe why the current situation appears as it does today. A qualitative method has been applied during this study.

AbstractDuring the last decade the public sector has been influenced by new ways of measuring performance and governing, taking inspiration from the private sector. The Swedish municipal community Vellinge has since 2004 adopted ?The Balanced Scorecard? by Kaplan & Norton, measuring not only the financial parts but also other, important factors. The adoption took place since the Swedish government applied new demands on county councils and municipal communities through ?God ekonomisk hushållning?.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforma en teoretisk nyckeltalsmodell som är lämplig att använda i ett producentkooperativ och som är anpassade för företagets vision och styrelsens intressen. Detta utför vi med hjälp av en fallstudie då vi valt ett kvalitativt och abduktivt angreppssätt. För insamling av empiri har vi i vårt fallföretag utfört djupintervjuer. De teorier vi valt att arbeta med är; agentteorin, nyckeltal, Balanced Scorecard samt producentkooperativ. Resultatet av vår insamlade empiri och den teori vi valt att fokusera på har mynnat ut i att vi har konstruerat ett Balanced Scorecard anpassat till ett producentkooperativ vilket underlättar uppföljningen mellan ledning och styrelse..

Background: Balanced scorecard is a relatively new strategy in analysing activities in a company. To carry out a strategy in an organization a successful implementation is very important. Strategy implementations are unique for each organization and to succeed it has to be formulated and implemented with the individual companies particular conditions as starting- point. A problem is that the implementation sometimes is treated as a small detail in the planning process. This problem depends on how the strategic plans is carried out.

This study examines how a company adapts its operating control when the environmental circumstances are changing. This is a case study with a qualitative approach which is based on interviews. The main purpose is to examine how an accounting firm adjusts its operating control in order to meet the abolishment of the statutory auditing. Another purpose is to describe how the abolishment of the statutory auditing will influence or have influenced the choice of measures in the balanced scorecard. The question this study aims to examine is: How do audit firms adapt its operating control in order to meet changes in the environment? This question lead to a second question which the study also aims to examine and is How is the abolishment of the statutory auditing influencing the accounting firms goals, measures and focus in the balanced scorecard? The conclusion of this study shows that the abolishment of the statutory auditing has had an influence on the balanced scorecard.