Abstract:This thesis work has been conducted at the Real Estate Department in Halmstad.The department consists of a construction/project management-unit and an operation/management-unit.Like many other towns in Sweden, Halmstad has had a long lasting problem with indoor environment. Not at least at their preschools.Today they are constructing from current building regulations. They have learned from negative experiences which have occurred in the indoor environment in older buildings.Focus is now on healthy materials, like low emission value, energy efficiency and optimization of the building, but still with soft parameters such as cleaning, interior and choice of materials.The fixtures is provides by the real estate department and the furnishings are provides by the children and youth administration. Together they are trying to provide a great indoor environment.I have, together with the real estate department and the children and youth administration of Halmstad, investigated how to provide a good indoor environment in the preschools with small funds.In my thesis there is one theoretical part with a questionnaire survey of how the preschool staff is experiencing their indoor environment to determine where the problems often start. And a practical part with measurements to try and come down to a result that analysis the cause of the problems and also to make sure that the ventilation systems are fulfilling projected values.The measurements and the questionnaire surveys was made at Lokes preschool in Frösakull, Askens preschool in Oskarström and Gullbrandstorps preschool.There were some differences between the staff-responses at the three different preschools.At Askens preschool they feel that the premises are cleaned poorly.At Gullbrandstorps preschool they feel that the indoor-air is bad because they can´t open the windows.

This thesis has been a part of Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB's evaluation of a turbulencemodel used in simulation of turbulent flow called PRNS (Partially Resolved NumericalSimulation). This model has promising properties and may be of use in savingcomputational resources. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze this model andcompare it with industrially applied models such as k-omega SST and LES (Large EddySimulations).PRNS works as a hybrid of the k-omega SST and DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation)where a constant, RCP (Resolution Control Parameter) with a value between 0 and 1are selected. This constant is then used in the calculations and determines thebehavior of the simulation. When RCP is set to zero the equation are the same as fora DNS simulation and when RCP is set to one the equations for k-omega SST issolved.

Aim: Auditors objectivity is an obvious part of auditing, but there is doubts and hesitation in society today because of the corporate scandals that have occurred in recent years. Several researchers suggest that auditors actions and behaviors is connected to the ethical climate within the organization. A relationship that also affects auditors objectivity and independence. This thesis aims to investigate how the ethical climate influence auditors choice of relationship to their clients, by choosing a relational and close relationship or a transactional and distanced relationship. And if the client approach have an effect on the auditors objectivity.Method: A survey was conducted among 232 certified accountants in Sweden.

Fler personer överlever idag en svår hjärnskada, vilket har medfört att rehabiliteringen har ställts inför en utmaning avseende dessa personer. Då det gäller arbetsterapeutens behandlingsmetoder finns det liten vetenskapligt dokumenterad kunskap och ett behov av fortsatt forskning inom området. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka behandlingsmetoder, sett ur ett arbetsterapeutiskt perspektiv, som beskrivs i vetenskaplig litteratur samt dess effekter för vuxna personer med en traumatisk hjärnskada i ett vegetativt eller minimalt responsivt tillstånd. En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes. Artikelsökning utfördes i databaserna Medline, AMED, Cinahl och PsycInfo och resulterade i 10 inkluderade artiklar.

Examensarbetet har utfo?rts i samarbete med fo?retaget LVI (Low Vision International) som tillverkar elektroniska hja?lpmedel fo?r synskadade. LVI utva?rderar vid ja?mna mellanrum nya LCD-bildska?rmar fo?r deras produkter. LVI beho?ver metoder samt utrustning fo?r att ma?ta bildska?rmars responstid och latens.

In the production of pulp, paper and cardboard, a large amount of water is used daily. The water has to be purified in the internal purifying plant before it reaches the receiving body of water. In the biological purifying stage at the Stora Enso Skoghall mill, an aerated basin is used where the microorganisms, using oxygen, oxidize the organic material to carbon dioxide. The air is pumped from the bottom of the basin and the oxygen can then be transported from the air bubbles to the water through diffusion. The problem with aeration of waste water from the forest industry is that wood residues, such as fatty acids, are making the transport of oxygen in water more difficult.

To produce fine fibre wool as a complement to lamb meat production, Merino and Svea sheep are currently being crossbred in the county of Jämtland. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth and wool quality of the first crossbred lambs. In addition, a literature study about nutritional effects on wool production has been carried out. The literature study showed that fine fibre wool should foremost be achieved through directed breeding. Nutritional requirements of the sheep at different stages of production should determine their feeding.

Bakgrund: Studier har visat sig att barns postoperativa smärta i många fall är otillräckligt behandlad och barnen upplever ofta smärta som något obehagligt och skrämmande. Barn kan påverkas negativt av smärta och de kan utveckla skadliga beteendeförändringar efter en operation på grund av otillräckligt behandlad postoperativ smärta.Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur barnen, på en specifik kirurgavdelning, mår under det första dygnet efter en operation då de blivit sövda, avseende deras postoperativa smärta. Om möjligt ska grupper som har ökad risk för otillräcklig postoperativ smärtlindring försöka identifieras.Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie baserad på ett konsekutivt urval. Deltagarna består av barn på en kirurgavdelning i åldrarna 4-16 år som alla har genomgått en operation där de blivit sövda. De har fått besvara en enkät om sin smärta ett dygn efter operation.Resultat: I studien deltog 32 barn med en medelålder på 9,25 år.

Vi har valt att utgå ifrån ett fallföretags styrdokument och dess specifika utbildningsplan i uppsatsen. Syftet med vår studie är att analysera relationen mellan specifik utbildningsplan och fallföretagets mål, visioner och värderingar ur ett handlingsteoretiskt perspektiv. Framställan och agerande är två komplexa begrepp som existerar varje dag, i varje situation för oss alla. Ser vi till en organisation hittar vi framställan i styrdokumenten och agerandet i praktiken. Vi har medvetet valt att studera endast några teorier inom ramen för handlingsteorier då vi finner just dessa relevanta för analysen av relationen mellan framställan och agerande.

BAE Systems Hägglunds has a long history of producing high performance terrain tracked vehicles (mostly for military applications), and they are now aiming at developing a tracked forwarder with similar techniques.The forwarder will be of series hybrid type where a diesel engine via a generator will power the motors (one for each drive wheel). Thanks to individually controlled motors and the gentle rubber tracks, this forwarder is calculated to have a considerably higher average speed in the terrain and to be more gentle to the soil. The forwarder with a weight of 11 metric tons and a load capacity of 15 metric tons is specified to have an average working speed of 7-10 km/h, a top speed in terrain of 15 km/h and a top speed on roads of 40 km/h.This master?s thesis aims at developing a conceptual design of the forwarder?s drive module which includes electric motor, gear unit, brake and drive wheel.To investigate if the requirements can be fulfilled a study of the dimensioning loading scenarios has been carried out. The resulting needs regarding the torque has been considered in order to determine the required gear ratios for different motor options.

To be a farmer and have suckler cows is a difficult combination especially considering the economy. Because of the increased feed costs, the margins have become tighter. The meat price from beef cattle has increased a little when this text is written (spring, 2008), but not so much that it covers the cost for feed etc. I have a small suckler cow production on approximately 30 cows and 2 bulls plus followers as a part-time business. The herd is tied in the old dairy stable built in the late seventies.

Today, individual indoor stalls and individual outdoor paddocks are the most common way to house horses in Sweden. The way that we manage, house and feed the horses are not optimal for the species natural basic behavioural needs. However, the awareness of this grows in the context of research and the emergence of alternative housing systems. One of the alternatives to the traditional format in individual boxes is called group housing. Group housing systems allow horses to live in herds and they can choose how they want to distribute the hours of the day between movement, resting and foraging. The purpose of this study is to examine how frequently the young horses in a group housing system use the indoor lying area.

Utgångspunkten för studien ligger i att, efter 1-1,5 år efter de avslutat familjeprogrammet De otroliga åren (the Incredible Years, Webster-Stratton), undersöka och belysa föräldrars upplevelser och erfarenheter av ? om och hur deltagandet i programmet påverkat/förändrat tänkandet kring den egna föräldrarollen? hur deltagandet i programmet påverkat/förändrat deras eget beteende? hur deltagandet i programmet påverkat/förändrat barnens beteende och ? att använda sig av programmets metoder på egen hand.Utifrån en kvalitativ metod intervjuades tio föräldrar som deltagit i och avslutat programmet i Familjemottagningen i Majornas, regi under höst- respektive vårterminen 200X. Under intervjun fick de även fylla i två strukturerade formulär; Eyberg Child behavior Inventory (ECBI), som används för att uppskatta tidiga beteendeproblem och för utvärdering av behandling, samt ytterligare ett formulär som ber föräldrarna uppskatta vilken nytta de haft av programmets metoder/tekniker i sitt samspel med barnen, när det gäller att minska deras ?oönskade? beteende. Analysen av intervjuerna och formulärsvaren visar att de flesta av föräldrarnas, och barnens, beteende påverkas och förändras avsevärt efter deltagandet, och att man oftast lyckas bevara effekterna och de nya beteendemönstren.

In Sweden has the temporary agency work industry settled in an explosive way since the deregulation of the unemployment agency monopole in 1993. The demand of civil right for the employer that is rented out confronts the entire labour law regulation with new challenges.The purpose with this paper is an investigation of the principle of equal treatment in The Swedish temporary agency work act and also to create a deeper understanding of the effects of labour and employment relationship. An investigation of relevant collective agreements will be done to highlight the difficulties the principal of equal treatment is exposed to. Further on is there a will to gain understanding for the wage concept and what possible can be included in the wage concept in relation to the principal of equal treatment in The temporary agency work directive. By using the dogmatic method, an approach to descriptive identifying relevant sources of law and clarify the legal situation in the area.In the conclusions it will be determined that the principle of equal treatment in The Swedish temporary agency work act have different effects depending on if the temporary agency or if the client corporation is tied to an collective agreement alternative if a collective agreement is completely missing.

AbstractDuring the last five years there has been a considerable immigration from the Netherlands to Värmland in Sweden. INVA, Invest in Värmland, wanted to highlight this phenomenon and therefore contacted Karlstad University to make a survey about how extensive the immigration is and what consequences it brings for the business life and municipalities in Värmland. We were luckily chosen to perform this research and the main focus in this study has been the following questions:? Why do the Dutchmen choose to buy their house in Värmland?? What are the main reasons for leaving the Netherlands?? What consequences does the immigration cause for the business life in Värmland?? How do the Dutchmen experience the contact with Swedish authorities?To answer the questions we designed a questionnaire that was sent to 200 Dutch house purchasers. The ambition was to survey all the Dutch house purchasers in Värmland, but with the time constrains and the municipalities having problem to find complete data, we limited the survey to 200 households.