The analysis of regional development and the formation of regional policy have experienced an increasing importance in Europe and in Sweden during the last decades. There is a widespread assumption that the increasing significance of regions is due to the diminishing role of the nationstate in the era of globalization. This essay suggests that there is a hegemonic discourse, heavily relying on the assumptions of New Regionalism, when addressing regional building. Sometimes described as an ideology, New Regionalism, which is derived from research of successful regions, is based on the assumption that regional competitiveness and autonomy creates economic growth. The Committee on Public Sector Responsibilities (Ansvarskommittén) suggests that Sweden requires new regional structure, due to the increasing expenditures facing the welfare state.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om sjuksköterskans information till patienter, vid inläggning av perifer venkateter, följde gällande riktlinjer från Handbok för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Författarna samlade in data genom att delta vid 60 inläggningar av perifer venkateter vilka genomfördes av femton olika sjuksköterskor. Insamlingen ägde rum på en dagkirurgiavdelning. Man observerade ett antal områden, resultatet på dessa kunde bli ja eller nej, där ja var det resultat man eftersökte. Antal ja-svar summerades och analyserades med oberoende t-tester för att se eventuella skillnader i yngre/äldre och män/kvinnor, inga skillnader påfanns.

 Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa fenomenet homestaging i teori och praktik, med huvudinriktning på geografisk betydelse. Begreppet homestaging skapades på 1970-talet i USA och har funnits i Sverige sedan slutet av 1990-talet, men det är först på 2000-talet som det har blivit ett allmänt begrepp. Vi har för avsikt att jämföra homestagingens betydelse i ett litet samhälle, en mellanstor stad och en större stad. Då vi även är nyfikna på om det finns en geografisk skillnad, valde vi även att jämföra två likvärda orter i norra och södra Sverige. Vi har gjort enkätundersökningar på tre mäklarfirmors kontor i Ljusdal, Gävle, Stockholm och Vimmerby, för att ta reda på om de använder sig av homestaging och vad de har för tankar kring fenomenet. Vi valde dessa fastighetsmäklarfirmor då de har kontor på samtliga fyra orter vi valt att titta närmare på, och för att de har en relativt stor marknadsandel.Vi har även intervjuat tre kvinnor som arbetar med homestaging för att ta del av deras arbetssätt, syn på yrket och dess framtid. I uppsatsen belyser vi också homestaging som en upplevelse och hur bostadsspekulanter kan påverkas med hjälp av ?upplevelserummet?. Begreppet avdragsrätt och hur tilläggstjänster behandlas skatterättsligt, granskas även i uppsatsen..

Erythropoiesis is a complex and carefully controlled process which is mainly regulated by erythropoietin. Using flow cytometry cells in a blood sample can be analyzed one by one. ADVIA 2120 using flow cytometry for analysis of red blood cells (RBC) and reticulocytes. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a component of the RBC method. RDW indicates size variation on erythrocytes and is measured as a percentage of the mean cell volume (MCV). By measuring the RDW anemia can be divided into makrocytic, microcytic or normocytic. Reticulocytes refract light more strongly than red blood cells because they contain some cellular debris. The number of reticulocytes in the Peripheral blood reflects erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. The purpose of this project was that by approved methods to establish reference ranges for the parameters, RDW and reticulocyte counts.The individuals who participated in the study, n=124, were considered healthy and had varying ethnicity. Reference subjects had not donated blood the last six months and participation in the study was voluntary.The statistic evaluation includes examination of distribution, and reference ranges for both men and women were established using the 2.5:t and 97.5:t percentiles. The calculated reference interval for RDW was between 12.0 ? 14.3% and the calculated reference interval for reticulocytes was between 38.0 ? 112.8 x109 cells/L. The results showed a significant difference between males and females for the parameter reticulocytes was seen. The difference indicates that different reference ranges should be established for men and women (p<0,0001). No significant difference between males and females were seen for RDW (p=0,74) indicating that the same reference ranges can be used for both men and women. .

Neurography is the most objective and reliable measure of the Peripheral nerve function, and it is used to diagnose both local and generalized neuropathies. Neurography can measure both motor and sensory nerve functions. The principle for sensory neurgraphy is to stimulate over the nerve and record proximal or distal from the stimulated electrode.At the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Uppsala, a problem has been identified, in that young adult patients tend to show unexpected abnormal neurography values in relation to the expected, indicated by the reference limits, without clinical correlates. This concerns foremost the sensory amplitudes in median and ulnar nerves. The hypothesis is that the requirement of young adults? amplitudes is too high.

Bakgrund: Ungefär hälften av alla vuxna som vårdas på sjukhus erhåller en perifer venkateter (PVK) för intravenöst behandling. Det finns risk för lindriga eller allvarliga komplikationer. Den vanligaste komplikationen är tromboflebit och den allvarligast är infektion. I Sverige är det sjuksköterskan som ansvarar för insättning, skötsel, borttagande och dokumentation av PVK. Omvårdnaden vid handhavande av PVK är eftersatt och sjuksköterskan bör förvissa sig om att deras kunskaper är uppdaterad och evidensbaserad för att minska risken för komplikationer.

Skin temperature is detected through signals in unmyelinated C-fibers and thin myelinated A?-fibers in the Peripheral and central nervous system. Disorders in thin nerve fibres are important and not rare but difficult to diagnose by the most common neurophysiological methods. In this pilot study different methods for quantitative sensory testing, QST, were compared to give some ideas about which method could be the most efficient to use in order to point out injuries of the sensory system in clinical practice. The comparison was made between Békésy (separate warmand cold thresholds) and Marstock test (combined warm and cold thresholds).

The Stockholm office market segment have for a long time been considered a safe havenwhen it comes to withstand negative turmoil in the form of rental compression due toeconomic fluctuation, especially in the CBD demographic. Recently however, a large numberof banks and institutions, amounting to some 200000 square meters, have decided to relocateto more Peripheral locations with the aim of cost reductions on rent. This mass exodus isstudied with focus on rental dynamics as the result of increased vacancies. Other variables arestock changes and employment. The method is econometric combined with an interviewseries.

The main interest of this study was to investigate whether there is hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia in cows suffering from abomasal displacement and to evaluate the effect of transport on blood glucose. Thirty-six cows with left- or right-sided abomasal displacement were included in the study together with 17 cows with other diseases for comparison. Fifteen cows with abomasal displacement and 7 cows with other diseases were sampled before transport. One third of the cows with abomasal displacement had hyperglycemia when the transport effects were corrected for. Separating this group in left- and right-sided abomasal displacement we found significantly higher blood glucose and insulin levels among cows with right-sided abomasal displacement. An explanation for this difference may be a strong stress response secondary to the right-sided dislocation.

This thesis examines and measures differences in effciency between L1- and L2 language use for solving referential problems. Quantitative measures used in the study were time and error frequency. Qualitative measures, such as how the tasks and the participants own performance were experienced, were measured by an post interview and two questionaires. Two different tasks, a sorting task and a construction task, in which each informant was given the role as a constructor or instructor, were used for data gathering. A total of 20 dyads, divided in two language groups (English and Swedish) participated in the study.

The Smart Grid technology has during the last decade been established as a way to create a greater flexibility on the electricity grid that will be needed as the development moves towards an increased share of renewable primary energy sources in the electricity production. One part of the Smart Grid technology is the ability to shift loads in time, to adapt to either price or emissions, known as Demand Response. This project, which was conducted at KTH in collaboration with the consulting corporation Capgemini, examines the economic, environmental and social aspects of the Demand Response technology. In the project, three household products are used in a model that derives the potential savings in costs and emissions of CO2e. The results show that the actual savings measured in SEK are small, but that the savings measured in percent can be as high as 20 percent. Reduction of CO2e emissions is slightly lower.

To thoroughly think with safety and security in mind is an important issue in planning of public city spaces. Spaces intended to be available to all inhabitants of a city should have a welcoming appearance. Unfortu-nately, this is not the situation in many pedestrian walkways, parks and such spaces, possibly due to lack in safety and security. This master thesis intend to examine questions at this issue ? what makes you feel safe and what causes insecurity in public city spaces. The safety aspect treats the human psychological and sociological ways of perceiving her milieu and other humans in it, and how the physical shape of her surroundings can affect the sense of safety.

A Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line) is a catheter that is inserted through a Peripheral vein in the arm and then on to a central vein in the chest. It is used to give injections and infusions and to take blood samples of patients who need treatment for longer periods.The aim of this study was to investigate nurses' perceived knowledge of the care and use of PICC line in wards where PICC line does not occur daily. The aim was also to investigate if the nurses expressed a need and wished for more knowledge to be able to use PICC line, and if PICC line is not used investigate the cause of that.The study was of a descriptive design with quantitative approach. An online survey was answered by 40 nurses from five wards at a university hospital in central Sweden.A large number of the nurses who responded to the survey reported that they lacked knowledge of the care and use of PICC line. Despite this, three-quarters of the nurses usually use PICC line at the infusion / injection / blood tests on patients with PICC line, if they are cared for in their ward.

Ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv är det viktigt att tänka på att kraven på Hälso- och sjukvård blir allt högre i en tid då det finns allt minskade resurser. Det är angeläget att utnyttja alla resurser och på ett optimalt sätt. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vetenskaplig litteratur med avsikt att få ökad kunskap om vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som är effektiva för sjuksköterskor att använda sig för att förebygga tromboflebit hos vuxna patienter med behov av perifer venkateter. I denna litteraturstudie genomfördes sökningar i PubMed, CINAHL och Elin. Inkludering av studier styrdes av i förväg uppsatta kriterier och företrädesvis eftersöktes studier med kvantitativ metodansats.

The Smart Grid technology has during the last decade been established as a way to create a greater flexibility on the electricity grid that will be needed as the development moves towards an increased share of renewable primary energy sources in the electricity production. One part of the Smart Grid technology is the ability to shift loads in time, to adapt to either price or emissions, known as Demand Response. This project, which was conducted at KTH in collaboration with the consulting corporation Capgemini, examines the economic, environmental and social aspects of the Demand Response technology. In the project, three household products are used in a model that derives the potential savings in costs and emissions of CO2e. The results show that the actual savings measured in SEK are small, but that the savings measured in percent can be as high as 20 percent. Reduction of CO2e emissions is slightly lower.