The purpose of this essay is on the one hand to study Sub-Saharan Africa from a comparative perspective to analyze different explanations to democratization and on the other hand to compare the democratization of the most interesting cases found. To fulfil the purpose, the essay is divided into a quantitative and a qualitative part. The quantitative part starts from four different theories of democratization and thus has a deductive theory testing approach. We intend to use four theories: the modernization theory, the theory of stable institutions as a prerequisite for democratization, political culture and ethnic diversity as an obstacle for democratization, to test how they correspond with the democratic situation in Africa, and at the same time find deviant cases. The second part of the study takes its start from an inductive perspective and examines institutions and citizens of the deviant cases.

Export is a top priority for Sweden's economy but for Swedish companies it may involve uncomfortable risks of exporting without sincere consideration. When the United Nations Security Council puts an embargo against a country, this often mean an import and export restriction. The thought is to push undemocratic regimes into respecting human rights. When the embargo is in force, however, the parties are not able to fulfill their contractual obligations, which practically means that the agreement will be suspended. The problem is what happens when an embargo is in force for a longer period of time.

The purpose of this study was to examine the routines of performance related pay systems in two Swedish municipal upper secondary schools. A second purpose was to examine what data was included for evaluation of a co-worker?s performance and how a principal collects data. The purpose was also to examine a principal and teachers´ view of performance related pay systems and if it was possible to note an agreement. Principals have been interviewed and teachers have answered a questionnaire to fulfil the purposes of this study.The study shows that the municipality had a good routine that included individual discussions with co-workers about their salary and had fixed municipal criteria.

This study is about how students 'performance in school is influenced by parents' educational background. The study has been performed by cooperation with two schools in Stockholm. One class in each school has participated and the students have amongst other questions answered regarding their grades in natural science subjects. To examine whether parents 'educational background affect students' performance, a quantitative survey in the form of poll has been conducted. Even a literature review was conducted in this area to get a clearer picture of how parents' educational background affects the performance of students.This study shows that students who have academic parents perform better than students who have not got academically educated parents.

Sleep has a substantial effect on health status where good sleeping habits proves positive on learning. The aim of the present study was to map the views and perceptions of sleep and its effects on health and school performance on 12-year olds. The goal is to visualize these views to give teachers the possibility to better plan the education in concordance with the students? abilities. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews where 12 students aged 12 have partaken.

Assessing the emotional state in animals is important in order to establish the quality of their welfare, therefore it is important to investigate under what circumstances animals experience these emotions and to find indicators of their existence. The aim of this thesis was to detect possible behavioural indicators for positive emotions in dogs. These behavioural indicators could be helpful to increase both dogs? and humans? overall well-being in today?s society since they could help e.g. dog owners and caretakers to interpret behaviours displayed by dogs and their intentions so they can respond accordingly.The subjects used were 9 research beagles and each dog participated in three different treatments, assumed to be experienced as positive situations, where communicative interaction was initiated with the dog by engaging in 1) physical contact (P), 2) verbal contact (V) or 3) both physical and verbal contact simultaneously (PV).

This study will analyze and interpret the performance art piece The Last Strawcreated by the artist group High Heel Sisters. The aim is to search for potentialfeminist strategies in their deconstructive ways of incarnating gender and bodiesusing the notion of performativity and phenomenological theories.My study shows that the diversity of this art performance creates a complex platformwere discussions about gendered corporeality and spatial power relations are beingnegotiated..

Research has shown positive correlations between global self-esteem and physical activity, as well as between global self-esteem and school performance. However, research is ambiguous and other variables have shown importance for global self-esteem. This study aims to investigate the correlations between global self-esteem and physical activities, school performance and social participations within high-school students in the northern part of Sweden. The study also investigates gender differences regarding correlations between the variables. The study was conducted using a questionnaire that included Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and self-rated physical activity, social participation and grades in Swedish, English and mathematics.

AbstractAimThe aim is that by using the curriculumcodes, analyze and compare four curriculums in physical education. The study begins in the elementary school introduction in 1962, and then makes three more strikes in 1980, 1994 and 2011.The questions that are addressed in this paper are,Which expression of competence code can be found in the different curricular?What are the expressions for performance code can be found in the different curricula?Is there any change regarding which code teachers use when they assess the students?Method  As a basis, the four curricula Lgr 62 Lgr 80, Lpo 94 and Lgr 11 in physical education are used. These four curriculums are studied and compared for similarities and changes in the assessment uses comparative content analysis. A number of publications in the curriculum codes are used in the analysis of the curriculum.

Ett utvecklingsarbete med gymnasielever om faktorer som ligger utanför skoltid och som de anser inverkar på deras skolprestation. The purpose of this paper was to develop a material that highlights what causes there were outside school that pupils thought affected their performance in school. This was strictly done according to the statements that the pupils made. To fetch these statements the paper used essays, interviews and inquiries, all of whom were presented for the pupils. Initially we asked the pupils to write a short essay where we wanted them to describe circumstances in the classroom, in school and spare time that affects their performance in school.

The purpose of this thesis is to identify and define Key Perfomance Indicators (KPIs) and value adding services which are used to describe the quality of Forias logistics services from different aspects. The KPIs should be attractive to both Foria and their customers, with the aim to strengthen the interaction between both parties.The basis for this work is a research in which a literature review and a survey of the market for Swedish logistic service providers were carried out. An analysis of the present situation of Foria was carried out, where a number of people in the company were interviewed. These elements were used together with definitions of KPIs to perform the analysis of the work.The result of the work is ten KPIs that have been created and developed for Foria and which are considered to be attractive to both Foria and the selected customers. The KPIs are: · ECO-driving (binary) ? the company has ECO-driving-educated drivers· ECO-driving (comparison figure) ? all drivers individual driving and its resulting exhaust emissions are compared· The environmental impact ? a total of exhaust emissions from all vehicles belonging to a single business, measured in tonne-kilometres· Complete order ? portion of fields with accurate information (in an order), with the possibility of error categorization· Delivery reliability ? time difference between expected and actual delivery, average for all orders· On-time ? the number of days and hours of difference between the expected and the actual time, for all activities of the order· On-time (activity) ? the number of hours and minutes of difference between the expected and the actual time, for each individual activity of the order· Divergence ? a categorization of all causes of divergence and its responsible department· Level of integration ? the level of cooperation between the logistic service provider and the customer· Customer satisfaction ? how well an order will meet the expectations of the customer The KPIs are described in detail with definitions, how they can be used and what is required to implement them in the service process of Foria.

Syfte: Syftet i denna studie uppkom ur vårt intresse för nyckeltalsanvändning inom ett relativt nytt område som hållbarhet. Vi läste på om hållbarhetsnyckeltal och ur denna tidigare forskning inom ämnet så blev vårt syfte att skapa en ökad förståelse kring den praktiska användningen samt nyttan med hållbarhetsnyckeltal, med avseende på TBL-modellen.Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forsningsmetod inom vilken personliga intervjuer har utförts på fem fallföretag. Intervjuerna spelades in och sedan jämfördes samt analyserades resultatet av dessa med det teoretiska ramverket inom studien.           Resultat & slutsats: Studien har visat på vilken praktisk användning samt nytta hållbarhetsnyckeltal har eller skulle kunna ha för företag eller organisationer. Studien har därutöver också visat på att företag och organisationer aktivt talar om hållbarhet samt att hållbarhetsfrågor är integrerade i den dagliga verksamheten..

Utbränning är ett högaktuellt ämne i dagens samhälle där fokus ligger på individens prestationer. Denna studies syfte var att undersöka om högpresterande individer bygger sin självkänsla på prestationer och om detta i sin tur har betydelse för utbränning. Ytterligare syfte var att undersöka om utbränning bland högpresterare med prestationsbaserad självkänsla var lika utbrett bland båda könen. I undersökningen deltog 66 tjänstemän från ett tillverkningsföretag i Mellansverige. En enkät sammanställdes av de tre befintliga och utprövade skalorna; Karolinskas utbrändhetsformulär, The Performance Based Self-esteem Scale samt en del av The Jenkins Activity Survey.

In today?s society computers are getting a much more important role. To get a computer to work as intended it has to be programmed. A computer program is written with programming languages. There is an abundance of programming languages available today and there are many differences and similarities between them.

The connection between management control systems for controlling sustainability and a firm's motivation for engaging in sustainability is not completely understood (Arjaliès & Mundy, 2013). The aim of this thesis is to develop a more profound understanding for management control in achieving sustainable companies. To do this, we raise the question: How and to what extent do companies use management control systems to achieve sustainability compliance Simons's Levers of Control (1995) are applied to this question in order to get a consistent and thorough insight of management control systems. Hence, a case study of ABB:s work to achieve material compliance in accordance with EU-regulation was conducted. The findings of the case study reveal that ABB uses the regulations as explicit goals and implement them in sustainability procedures.