Stump wood is a hot alternative when the heating plants demands more and more forest fuel. The aim with the study has bean to calculate the costs in four different systems for transportations of stump wood, examine if there are any differences in fuel quality for the stump wood in the different systems, analyse if the fuel quality in stump wood is affected with the time it lays by the road side and how much space the stump wood demands on the road side. To calculate the costs for the different systems a system analysis was carried out, where some of the costs were collected through field studies on Holmen Skog stump experiment and other costs were collected from literature and contacts. Data for the fuel quality study was collected from Eons heat plant in Norrköping. Data for the study of how much space stump wood takes along a roadside was collected from field studies.

Kraftvärme är en energieffektiv metod att producera både el och fjärrvärme men användningen av denna produktionsform begränsas av att fjärrvärmebehovet vanligtvis är lägre under den varma delen av året. På senare tid har både forskning och nybyggda anläggningar visat på synergieffekter av att samordna produktion av biodrivmedel eller förädling av trädbränslen med kraftvärmeproduktion i en så kallad energikombinatanläggning. Då Vattenfall Värme Uppsala är i behov av att ersätta sitt befintliga kraftvärmeverk utreds i denna studie möjliga ekonomiska och miljömässiga fördelar med att bygga en energikombinatanläggning. I studien utreds ett antal olika tekniker som kan tänkas ingå i energikombinatet och ett antal alternativ väljs ut för vidare analys. Alternativen jämförs sedan med ett referensalternativ bestående av enbart ett nytt biobränsleeldat kraftvärmeverk.Studien visar att en energikombinatanläggning bestående av ett kraftvärmeverk i kombination med tillverkning av pellets eller black pellets kan leda till ökad lönsamhet jämfört med enbart ett kraftvärmeverk.

Uppsats för avläggande av högskoleexamen i Kulturvård, Trädgårdens hantverk och design 7,5 hp, 2014.

This candidate thesis contains the possibility of expand the Swedish photovoltaic market through photovoltaic cooperatives and a photovoltaic exchange. In the current situation there is a lot of problems with production of electricity from photovoltaic, that?s why we show some possibilities how to avoid these. To understand the problem with photovoltaic produced electricity we first give you a background.We show how to expand the Swedish photovoltaic market by describing how a photovoltaic cooperative and photovoltaic exchange could work in Sweden. It have been confirmed from our market research that the interest of photovoltaic cooperative and exchange is high.To find out how profitable photovoltaic is in Sweden, have three projections been made.

SummaryHerbal remedies have been used for many years to alleviate various symptoms. They were used in ritual acts to reassure the Gods and as medication. Plants as rhubarb and ginseng were used in China long time ago. The Egyptians had knowledge of herbal medicine such as aloe, myrrh and henbane, 1550 BC. The father of medicine Hippocrates used a large number of herbal medicines, and had many theories on the subject.Different parts of the plant can be used to extract the active ingredients.

This thesis is   focused on identifying and documenting all   electrical equipment, such as devices, power lines / cables, and connectors in the facility and also on presenting a brief   technical description and information of the systems around the reactors.   Furthermore there will be a brief description of LabVIEW - which is a   graphical programming language- and which devices / elements   are programmed. For further notification, I am not   responsible for the programming of the devices in LabVIEW   which I have only used as a tool in my work. The plant   for production of biogas consists of four reactors   of which the third reactor (Lakbädden)   is connected to another reactor (UASB)   where they cooperate with each other.   The reactors are used for producing   biogas in the form of methane gas.The reactors I and II are   connected to, various electrical devices as, flow meters, temperature   sensors, frequency converter and   more.

The last decade has created an increasing pressure on companies to decrease their impact on the environment and to increase their effectiveness of recycling the company?s resources, especially for the steel industry. Companies have also started to realize the economic aspects of an effective internal reverse logistics. In the past the value of an effective internal reverse logistic was something that companies tend to underestimate and there are few academic studies done in this area. The purpose of this essay has been to identify key factors to create an effective in plant storage, transport, sorting and handling of returned steel. From these factors a generalized model for creating an effective return steel flow will be developed.

Globally, coastal ecosystems like mangrove forests, sea grass meadows and salt marshes are well known for their ability to capture and store atmospheric carbon effectively. In Sweden, there is still limited knowledge about local coastal ecosystems with similar functions, with alder swamp forests being an interesting example. Therefore, this study aimed to increase knowledge of the factors that can contribute to the potential carbon sequestering ability of alder swamps. Vegetation data and sediment samples were collected from a total of 37 sampling plots across four alder swamps in Bohusl?n on the Swedish west coast.

This Master?s Thesis aims to investigate and assess the methods used to decrease the discharge ofmetals, primarily copper, from the water purification plant at Assa Industries plating factory inEskilstuna.Literature studies of the purification methods precipitation, ion exchange, evaporation, reverseosmosis and electrolysis has been done to appraise the adequacy of the technique. Thesetechniques are commonly used for purification of industrial waste water.Assa has four plating lines: the Trumline, the big Zinkline, the new Zinkline and the Decorativeline. The new Zinkline is the most modern of the four lines and purification is done byrecirculation over an ion exchange unit. The demand for fresh water is thereby heavily reduced.The Trumline, the big Zinkline and the Decorative line all use older techniques.

I två översiktsartiklar har ledande europeiska och amerikanska forskare slagit fast att partiklar i emissioner från vedeldning och utsläpp vid småskalig biobränsleeldning generellt sett måste anses som skadligt för hälsan vid exponering, även i de låga halter som normalt förekommer i utomhusluften. Vad som dock saknas är kunskap kring hur denna "farlighet" förändras, och kan påverkas, då modern teknik används samt hur olika biobränslen förhåller sig i detta sammanhang. Med avseende på detta så genomfördes detta examensarbete i syfte att fastställa hur olika förbränningsförhållanden i en modifierad pelletskamin inverkar på rökgaspartiklarnas sammansättning m a p organiskt och elementärt kol. Vidare undersöktes om det är möjligt att stabilt generera en "sotande" förbränning under längre perioder för framtida toxikologiska studier av rökgaser från biomassa.Resultaten visar på att det är möjligt att med hjälp av de parametrar som funnits att variera, stabilt kunna generera olika sorters förbränningstyper i den nu använda och modifierade pelletskaminen där såväl totalhalten partiklar som fördelningen av organiskt och elementärt kol i partiklarna varierade. Detta är lovande och visar på att det på ett kontrollerat vis går att skapa emissioner under ofullständiga förbränningsförhållanden där partiklarna har olika karakteristik.För att genomföra mer ingående studier rekommenderas dock att vissa förbättringar och utveckling av tekniken genomförs, för ökad kontroll och flexibilitet.

The municipality, of Gatukontoret in Local government of Borås has in the long run, a required need to look after the current heating devices (the gas production plant) in sewage treatment plant, called Gässlösa. The practical work of the examination is about, trying to find a better way to take care of the current heat recovery. That may be one way or another, rather easy to implement in the existent construction.Through the work to increase the efficiency of the gas engine, implement of some external cooling system by heating exchange device. That gives an opportunity to heat (primary) the digester, (but even all internal public areas) with its own superfluous heating.The report shows that if the management group may invest 422 704 crown to implement a heat exchanging device, it gives more space to reduce the need to buy expensive external energy. Gatukontoret´s pay off time, for buying machines, is 20 years, with reservation to calculate with 4 percent internal interest, leads to the yearly mount of 31103 crowns.If Gässlösa increases the gas engine time in (effective) duty approximately (correspondingly) 48 hours a month the entire investment will generate a profit in January in year seven after the implementations.

In Sweden, 2011, ley was grown almost as much as cereals, which means that in terms of area, ley is an important crop. A lay can consist of either grass or grass combined with legumes e.g. clover. Forage grasses can be affected by many differ- ent diseases, some during the winter and some during the growing season. The diseases which do damage during the winter are called snow mold and can make large areas perish.

 Lantmännen i Holmsund tillverkar pelleterat djurfoder till gris, nöt, ren och höns. På fabriken finns tre stycken presslinjer som pressar råvarorna till pellets. Vid tillverkning av pellets blandas råvarorna med ånga som håller ca 75-78°C. Ångan gör att pelletsen blir varm och fuktig efter tillverkningen. För att pelletsen ska kunna hålla en god kvalité vid transport och förvaring torkas denna med luft i pelletskylar.

Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie kandidatexamen i Kulturvård, Trädgårdens hantverk och design, 15 hp, 2015.

The projects objective is to find an alternative method of heating (the current method being via electric heating) the sewage treatment plant on the island Utö in Stockholm?s archipelago in order to reduce the energy consumption and ultimately the cost for heating the plant. The project is given by ?Skärgårdsstiftelsen? (The Archipelago Foundation) and is a part of the larger EU-project ?Green Islands?.A model for the plants total heating demand is established in order to get a good perception of how much money can be saved using alternative heating methods. The heating demand model gives an annual heating demand of approximately 32 500 kWh and a maximum heating power demand of around 24,7 kW.