The use of insecure networks -such as the Internet- to send and receive information has made the need for preventing unauthorised people reading it yet more important. One of the easiest way to do this is through public key cryptography. However, the problem with this solution is how to tie a specific public key to a certain subject. This is solved by letting a trusted third party issue a certificate that holds, as a minimum, the name of the subject and the subject's public key along with the issuer's digital signature on the information. The rules we make for issuing, revoking and verifying of certificates and the entities that are being used to do so are called PKI - Public Key Infrastructure.

Biodiversity can be described as the total variation of life forms, where diversity ranges from gene level up to the ecosystem level. The diversity can be calculated in a number of ways, and this study use one of these methods. In this study empirical food webs have been used and analyzed, where eleven characters are defined and used as parameters to calculate the Euclidean distances between food webs that describe the variation that may exist within classes of terrestrial, marine and freshwater habitats. The class who stood out and showed the greatest diversity at the ecosystem level was the marine food webs, which showed a high value of the average euclidean distance. The other networks were not as distinctive and the average of the euclidean distance in these classes was comparatively low..

The security solutions used in wireless home networks are examined in this report. Thegrowing number of wireless units have increased the need for reliable security solutions.This report aims to enlighten the reader about the fundamental technology used inwireless security solutions and inform about the existing flaws. A recommendationabout how to achieve a high level of security in the home network is also given to thereader.Several flaws in the security solutions in use have been reported. Of these the mostsevere has been examined in a test network using highly accessible tools to get aperception of how vulnerable the user is.The tests showed that several attacks were efficient and easily carried out. We have alsoseen that several of the home networks in our sample are susceptible to these attacks.Our survey revealed that the Internet service provider's technical support in many caseslacked the knowledge necessary to inform the user about reliable security solutions..

Abstract The increased focus on social capital theory has made its way into labour economics. This has led to the creation of a vast literature about the use of networks and informal search methods in the labour-market, a literature that to some extent also deals with immigrants search behaviour and their relatively high unemployment rate. Characteristic for the literature in the area is the lack of analysis of actual networks. Which types of contacts do these networks contain; how are the networks used in the labour-market; and which type of network generates a high amount of social capital. These questions are important for the general understanding of how social capital functions, within the labour-market, but also for the understanding of how immigrants use their networks in order to find themselves jobs.

SammanfattningSyftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka hur samt vilka språkstrategier barnen använder i sina sociala interaktioner med andra barn och hur dessa språkstrategier påverkar deras kamratrelationer. För att möjliggöra uppnåendet av syftet studerades barnens interaktioner utifrån tre frågeställningar som fokuserade på barnens språkstrategier för att inbjuda, utesluta eller förhandla med kamrater i lek. Undersökningen bedrevs utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet, då det verbala språket och interaktion med andra barn ses som nödvändigt för barns lärande och utveckling inom detta perspektiv. Denna studie genomfördes med deltagande observation som metod då barnens handlingar och interaktioner behövde studeras i deras dagliga miljö, som är förskolan. Jag valde deltagande observation som metod eftersom jag ville delta och befinna mig nära barnen i förskolan för att undersöka och skapa mig en bild av barnens verklighet.

Bakgrund Sedan 1800-talet har handhygienens betydelse för att minska smittspridningen mellan patienter i sjukvården varit känd. Idag finns rutiner och föreskrifter för hur sjuksköterskan ska arbeta på ett vårdhygieniskt sätt, för att minska smittspridningen mellan patienterna som sker via sjuksköterskans händer. Vid bristande följsamhet gällande handhygienrutiner ökar risken för vårdrelaterade infektioner, som i sin tur leder till ökat lidande för patienten och ökade kostnader för sjukvården. En tredjedel av vårdrelaterade infektioner går att förebygga. Trots det insjuknar tio procent av patienterna i akutsjukvården i en vårdrelaterad infektion i Sverige.SyfteSyftet var att beskriva följsamheten samt attityder till rutiner kring handhygien hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal i slutenvården.MetodArbetet är utformat som en litteraturöversikt med strävan efter systematik.

Bakgrund: Medicinska problem som diabetes typ II innebär kräver högkvalitativ egenvård av en person diagnostiserad med sjukdomen. Egenvården kan påverka och påverkas av hur denne upplever psykosociala faktorer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa de psykosociala faktorer en person med diabetes typ II upplever. Metod: Studien var en litteraturstudie. Alla utvalda artiklar var så kallade peer-reviewed.

In this examination project I look into what ways upper secondary school students conceive themselves as politically influenced before they voted for the general election of 2010. The purpose is to examine which influences the upper secondary school surroundings and the classes of civic education are contributing with to students before they voted. As a method, I have used personal, semi-structural interviews on eight upper secondary school students who all voted for a party represented in the parliament. I have asked questions about how they believe their parents, the surroundings of their school and the classes of civic education have influenced them. To separate which influences primarily the upper secondary school and the classes of civic educations have had on the students, I have selected two comparison groups of four students in each.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate students' perception of their grades in relation to the grading criteria in physical education. To investigate this used issues: how values and experience rating criteria? How do students their teachers' planning of lessons? How do students grading assessment in physical education and what they believe is important? The method used was a questionnaire with closed questions. The answers were given on a six-point scale, ranging from 1 = "not true" to 6 = "totally agree". In a qualitative analysis of the quantitative material.

The original promise behind the Internet Protocol was to deliver data from a sender to the receiver using a best-effort approach. This means that the protocol makes no guarantees except that it will try to deliver the data to the destination. If some problem occurs the packet may be discarded by the network without any notice. No guarantees are made regarding the time it takes to deliver the data, the rate at which data will be delivered or if data is delivered in the same order it was sent. The best-effort approach is arguably the reason behind the success of the Internet Protocol and is what makes IP scalable to networks the size of the Internet.

This paper deals with breaks in upper secondary school. The aim with the study was to study the function of breaks for upper secondary students by investigating students? activities during breaks with the main issues: ?what does the students do during breaks??, ?how do they experience breaks?? and ?What is the relation between breaks and lessons??.A combination of the two complementary methods observation and interview was chosen to study this. The study was executed on an upper secondary school during one month. I have visited the school several times every week and written daily notes over my observations.

Stroke är den vanligaste orsaken till neurologisk funktionsnedsättning hos vuxna. Upp till ca 65 % får någon form av kognitionsnedsättning. Den kognitiva förmågan är avgörande för hur man klarar av att utföra dagliga aktiviteter, delta i sociala sammanhang och för känslan av livskvalitet. Arbetsterapi spelar en viktig roll för rehabilitering och förbättring av ADL-utförande samt delaktighet.Syfte: Att kartlägga arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för personer med kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar efter stroke. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes med genomsökning av databaserna Amed, Cinahl, Medline och PsycINFO.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ett arbetslags förutsättningar och uppfattningar om kollegialt lärande och formativ bedömning har påverkat deras undervisning efter att ha deltagit i Matematiklyftet. Arbetslaget samt deras rektor har intervjuats och en analys av de texter som behandlar bedömning från två moduler i Matematiklyftet har genomförts för att svara på syftet. Under fortbildningen har arbetslaget getts tillfällen att prova olika metoder för att arbeta med formativ bedömning i sin undervisning, där de fastnat för några av dem och fortsatt använda efter Matematiklyftets slut. De har upptäckt ett samband mellan bedömning och undervisning, att de inte behöver ses som två skilda delar som krockar med varandra utan att de kan samverka och komplettera varandra. Arbetslaget har även fått upp ögonen för vikten av kollegialt lärande i planering av undervisning.

In this examination project I look into what ways upper secondary school students conceive themselves as politically influenced before they voted for the general election of 2010. The purpose is to examine which influences the upper secondary school surroundings and the classes of civic education are contributing with to students before they voted. As a method, I have used personal, semi-structural interviews on eight upper secondary school students who all voted for a party represented in the parliament. I have asked questions about how they believe their parents, the surroundings of their school and the classes of civic education have influenced them. To separate which influences primarily the upper secondary school and the classes of civic educations have had on the students, I have selected two comparison groups of four students in each.

Bakgrund: Medicinska problem som diabetes typ II innebär kräver högkvalitativ egenvård av en person diagnostiserad med sjukdomen. Egenvården kan påverka och påverkas av hur denne upplever psykosociala faktorer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa de psykosociala faktorer en person med diabetes typ II upplever. Metod: Studien var en litteraturstudie. Alla utvalda artiklar var så kallade peer-reviewed.