Bakgrund Sedan 1800-talet har handhygienens betydelse för att minska smittspridningen mellan patienter i sjukvården varit känd. Idag finns rutiner och föreskrifter för hur sjuksköterskan ska arbeta på ett vårdhygieniskt sätt, för att minska smittspridningen mellan patienterna som sker via sjuksköterskans händer. Vid bristande följsamhet gällande handhygienrutiner ökar risken för vårdrelaterade infektioner, som i sin tur leder till ökat lidande för patienten och ökade kostnader för sjukvården. En tredjedel av vårdrelaterade infektioner går att förebygga. Trots det insjuknar tio procent av patienterna i akutsjukvården i en vårdrelaterad infektion i Sverige.SyfteSyftet var att beskriva följsamheten samt attityder till rutiner kring handhygien hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal i slutenvården.MetodArbetet är utformat som en litteraturöversikt med strävan efter systematik.

Bakgrund: Medicinska problem som diabetes typ II innebär kräver högkvalitativ egenvård av en person diagnostiserad med sjukdomen. Egenvården kan påverka och påverkas av hur denne upplever psykosociala faktorer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa de psykosociala faktorer en person med diabetes typ II upplever. Metod: Studien var en litteraturstudie. Alla utvalda artiklar var så kallade peer-reviewed.

In this examination project I look into what ways upper secondary school students conceive themselves as politically influenced before they voted for the general election of 2010. The purpose is to examine which influences the upper secondary school surroundings and the classes of civic education are contributing with to students before they voted. As a method, I have used personal, semi-structural interviews on eight upper secondary school students who all voted for a party represented in the parliament. I have asked questions about how they believe their parents, the surroundings of their school and the classes of civic education have influenced them. To separate which influences primarily the upper secondary school and the classes of civic educations have had on the students, I have selected two comparison groups of four students in each.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate students' perception of their grades in relation to the grading criteria in physical education. To investigate this used issues: how values and experience rating criteria? How do students their teachers' planning of lessons? How do students grading assessment in physical education and what they believe is important? The method used was a questionnaire with closed questions. The answers were given on a six-point scale, ranging from 1 = "not true" to 6 = "totally agree". In a qualitative analysis of the quantitative material.

The overall aim of the study was to give an insight into the life of a girl attending a program for preparation for further studies. More explicitly it is the aim of this study to examine what line the girls take to and how they experience support in school and if the offered support is adjusted to the needs of the girls?.To capture the complexity of the girls? experiences a world view approach was used. To be able to take part of the girls? experiences, a qualitative survey method was chosen, built upon individual half structured interviews with six girls attending the last year of upper secondary school.

The aim of this study is to investigate English teachers? communication when teaching English in grade three in Swedish schools. The investigation seeks to find out what language is, and why it is, dominant and how the proportions in the teachers? uses of English and Swedish in time are distributed. The study also describes what attitudes teachers have to the English language and if, if so how, two categories of strategies, namely body language and code switching are used.The study was performed in two steps with different methods for collection of qualitative empirical data.

This paper deals with breaks in upper secondary school. The aim with the study was to study the function of breaks for upper secondary students by investigating students? activities during breaks with the main issues: ?what does the students do during breaks??, ?how do they experience breaks?? and ?What is the relation between breaks and lessons??.A combination of the two complementary methods observation and interview was chosen to study this. The study was executed on an upper secondary school during one month. I have visited the school several times every week and written daily notes over my observations.

Stroke är den vanligaste orsaken till neurologisk funktionsnedsättning hos vuxna. Upp till ca 65 % får någon form av kognitionsnedsättning. Den kognitiva förmågan är avgörande för hur man klarar av att utföra dagliga aktiviteter, delta i sociala sammanhang och för känslan av livskvalitet. Arbetsterapi spelar en viktig roll för rehabilitering och förbättring av ADL-utförande samt delaktighet.Syfte: Att kartlägga arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för personer med kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar efter stroke. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes med genomsökning av databaserna Amed, Cinahl, Medline och PsycINFO.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ett arbetslags förutsättningar och uppfattningar om kollegialt lärande och formativ bedömning har påverkat deras undervisning efter att ha deltagit i Matematiklyftet. Arbetslaget samt deras rektor har intervjuats och en analys av de texter som behandlar bedömning från två moduler i Matematiklyftet har genomförts för att svara på syftet. Under fortbildningen har arbetslaget getts tillfällen att prova olika metoder för att arbeta med formativ bedömning i sin undervisning, där de fastnat för några av dem och fortsatt använda efter Matematiklyftets slut. De har upptäckt ett samband mellan bedömning och undervisning, att de inte behöver ses som två skilda delar som krockar med varandra utan att de kan samverka och komplettera varandra. Arbetslaget har även fått upp ögonen för vikten av kollegialt lärande i planering av undervisning.

To manage the industry?s need of wood assortments in a optimal and cost effective way the forest companies need to have knowledge of the actual standing volume and the yield of the planned clear cuts. The mean volume of the trunk is also important since it is important for the contractors prices. Today the total volume are estimated either with Näslund (1940) or Brandels (1990) functions of volumes, and the yield is estimated with Rune Ollas (1980) function for trunks and stands. The purpose of this study has been to answer the following questions: How good is the yield forecast with data collected with currently used methods? How well can the yield forecasts became with data collected according to the instructions? How well can the yield forecast be with data collected according to the instruction and calculated with the program Aptan for theoretical bucking? The study has been initiated and financed by SCA Skog AB.The material consisted of a number of randomly selected objects ready for clear cut.

In this examination project I look into what ways upper secondary school students conceive themselves as politically influenced before they voted for the general election of 2010. The purpose is to examine which influences the upper secondary school surroundings and the classes of civic education are contributing with to students before they voted. As a method, I have used personal, semi-structural interviews on eight upper secondary school students who all voted for a party represented in the parliament. I have asked questions about how they believe their parents, the surroundings of their school and the classes of civic education have influenced them. To separate which influences primarily the upper secondary school and the classes of civic educations have had on the students, I have selected two comparison groups of four students in each.

Bakgrund: Medicinska problem som diabetes typ II innebär kräver högkvalitativ egenvård av en person diagnostiserad med sjukdomen. Egenvården kan påverka och påverkas av hur denne upplever psykosociala faktorer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa de psykosociala faktorer en person med diabetes typ II upplever. Metod: Studien var en litteraturstudie. Alla utvalda artiklar var så kallade peer-reviewed.

Introduction: The current research shows that cannabis use is increasing, while alcohol use is decreasing in many countries. The reason for the increase is considered to be the increased availability and that adolescents attitudes towards cannabis has become more liberal. Aim: This qualitative study aimed to examine adolescents attitudes and knowledge about cannabis. Methods: Data has been collected from focus group interviews with adolescents aged 15-18 years, in a west Swedish municipality. Participants were recruited through visits to secondary and upper secondary schools.

 BakgrundSuicid är idag en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna för både män och kvinnor i Sverige. Efter ett suicidförsök där patienten söker sjukvård blir det initiala mötet med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen en viktig del i processen att återgå till en meningsfull tillvaro. Patient och närstående står inför att tackla det stigma som ett suicidförsök innebär. Många känner skam, rädsla och känsla av misslyckande och behöver ofta professionellt stöd. Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens bemötande är i dessa fall betydande för hur de drabbade hanterar situationen och kan gå vidare. SyfteAtt beskriva hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens attityd vid arbete med suicidnära patienter. MetodFör att besvara syftet utfördes en litteraturstudie.

When the independent upper secondary schools were started in 1992, it meant a change in the competitive relationship for the local upper secondary schools. A reduced number of students during some years ahead, while the number of independent upper secondary schools increase will probably result in tougher competition between upper secondary schools.The purpose of this study is to review and compare financial and performance management between a public and an independent upper secondary school. The dissertation will focus on the now existing competitive relationship between the two types of upper secondary schools.The theory underlying the study is Porter's model - five competitive forces. The model is applied to the local upper secondary school and used to identify competitive factors affecting upper secondary schools. The study is using a qualitative approach with five interviews at two upper secondary schools, one independent and one public, located in the same town.The comparison of financial and operational management of upper secondary schools indicate that the differences are not as great as we first imagined, but that there still are some differences.