A thesis directed towards Innovationsslussen in Gothenburg about securing, improving and simplifying sitting on the toilet for patients with sitting difficulties. The primary target group for the project is patients who have had a stroke and as a consequence from that suffers from various kind of bodily paralysis.An overall goal was to design an aid that was comprehensive enough that the patient could manage sitting securely on the toilet without have a nurse giving physical support during defecation.Five conceptual proposals were developed and evaluated in consultation with Innovationsslussen and one was selected to be further developed.The result was an integrated support at the toilet that facilitates a good sitting posture which minimizes the risk of falling and provides comfortable support when leaning to the side. The product is divided in two with both a redesigned carryingsystem and a new type of support surface adapted for the purpose..

Background: Effective treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes needs a good communication between nurse and patient. This creats a good relation and leads to a more effective patient education. Aim: The aim with the literature study was to describe how nurses trough patient education can achieve self-care for patients with diabetes type 2. Methods: Literature studies with both qualitative and quantitative articles were examined. Findings: The articles that were chosen for the results were sorted in the two categories relation and communication.

The purpose of doing this essay was to illustrate how people living with chronic disease, dependent on medical technology experience their life situation. The study includes people with either dialysis therapy, mechanical ventilator or chronic oxygen therapy. A meta-synthesis was used as a method where a systematically review of studies that are made in a given issue compiles. Findings of the studies resulted in a synthesis of three themes: Limitations in life as a consequence of life-long treatment, to take responsibility for your life provide self-esteem and safeness, and to be cared for in different contexts ?help or prohibit.

BackgroundResearch shows that the majority of patients feel anxiety before and during anesthesia. It has been shown in several studies that preoperative anxiety may cause adverse effects in the postoperative course. Nurse anesthetists have a key role in creating a safe environment and the opportunity to use different interventions to reduce the degree of anxiety.AimThe aim of the study was to examine which interventions may reduce anxiety in adult patients before and during both general, local and regional anesthesia.DesignSystematic literature review with a quantitative approach.ResultsSeveral studies indicate that gabapentin and pregabalin can reduce anxiety before and during anesthesia. The anxiety reducing effect appeared to be dose dependent. The naturopathic drugs Citrus aurantium blossom and Passiflora incarnata Linneaus were found to reduce anxiety before anesthesia.

Objective: In recent years there has been an increasing interest within the clinical (medical) science in measuring people?s health. When estimating quality of life, present practise is to use the EQ-5D questionnaire and an index which weighs the different questions. The question is what happens if the individuals estimate there own health, would it differ from the public preferences? The aim is to make a new prediction model based on the opinion of patients and compare it to the present model based on public preferences.Method: A sample of 362 patients with unstable coronary artery disease from the Frisc II trial, valued their quality of life in the acute phase and after 3, 6 and 12 months.

To complete an overweight treatment program is associated with better weight loss. Previous studies have in principle focused on drop-out from the entire program, not individual parts of a program. Factors previously shown to influence the patients´ weight loss results are: frequency of individual meetings with a professional, the lack of social support from family or friends, the lack of motivation and in a few studies vacations. In several studies the drop-out patients have stated that their reasons for drop-out were dissatisfaction with the staff and the program design. Drop-out has also been shown to be connected with difficulties in adherence to the diet.

Introduction: Urinary retention is a common postoperative complication associated with bladder distension. Permanent damage to the bladder affects the patient?s quality of life and may lead to a lifelong inability to empty the bladder and needs of self-catheterization with the risk of urinary tract infection. Bladder distension was classified as the fourth largest health care related injury in Sweden in 2013. Bladder distension may occur before the operation starts and is more common among orthopedic patients.

Propofol is an intravenously administered, hypnotic and short- acting pharmaceutical. One common sideeffect (>1:10) and therefore a disadvantage with propofol is the local pain that arise when the initial injection is given. Why the pain arise is not clearly understood. A majority of different pharmacological treatments, different doses and combinations, alternative administrations methods and physical interventions have been tried to reduce the pain when injection of propofol is given. One important task for the nurse is to relieve pain for patients.

To complete an overweight treatment program is associated with better weight loss. Previous studies have in principle focused on drop-out from the entire program, not individual parts of a program. Factors previously shown to influence the patients´ weight loss results are: frequency of individual meetings with a professional, the lack of social support from family or friends, the lack of motivation and in a few studies vacations. In several studies the drop-out patients have stated that their reasons for drop-out were dissatisfaction with the staff and the program design. Drop-out has also been shown to be connected with difficulties in adherence to the diet.

Background One of the main demands on Swedish and global health care in general is to meet the patient?s need for safety. By general health care law this also comprises district nurses? field of responsibility. Although there are numerous studies describing the concept of safety and its different shapes, no research could be found exploring how safety is, or supposed to be, mediated by district nurses? in a Swedish context.

BackgroundResearch shows that the majority of patients feel anxiety before and during anesthesia. It has been shown in several studies that preoperative anxiety may cause adverse effects in the postoperative course. Nurse anesthetists have a key role in creating a safe environment and the opportunity to use different interventions to reduce the degree of anxiety.AimThe aim of the study was to examine which interventions may reduce anxiety in adult patients before and during both general, local and regional anesthesia.DesignSystematic literature review with a quantitative approach.ResultsSeveral studies indicate that gabapentin and pregabalin can reduce anxiety before and during anesthesia. The anxiety reducing effect appeared to be dose dependent. The naturopathic drugs Citrus aurantium blossom and Passiflora incarnata Linneaus were found to reduce anxiety before anesthesia.

Background:  Heart failure is a multidimensional phenomenon with high mortality. Heart failure is treated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) - inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) that counteract neurohormonal stimuli that occur in heart failure, as well as providing vessel dilatation, which reduces symptoms and the need for hospitalization and increases survival. Despite this, only about 50% of heart failure patients survive 6 years after diagnosis with drug therapy, and as heart failure is increasing globally, due to improved care and treatment and increasing life expectancy of the population, there is a great need for new drugs such as LCZ696 that acts by dual inhibition of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system and neprilysin inhibition.Objective: The aim of this literature study was to evaluate the efficacy of current treatment and possible future treatments on mortality and morbidity in heart failure patients.Results: The examined articles show that treatment with ACE inhibitors in patients with symptomatic heart failure reduces the risk of total mortality by 16% over 3.5 years, reduces all-cause mortality or hospitalization due to heart failure with NNT (number needed to treat) = 10.4 over 3.5 years and increases median survival by 9.2 months over 12.1 years in patients with asymptomatic heart failure. Treatments with high-dose ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and hospitalization because of cardiovascular causes and hospitalizations from any cause by NNT = 30 over 3 years. Beta-blockers reduce sudden death and total mortality and cardiac death or non - fatal myocardial infarction with NNT = 38 and NNT = 23, respectively, over 12 months.

Background: Since the end of the 1990`s the self-harm among adolescents have increased. Research is needed on how to improve the ability to care for these patients. That is why it is important to investigate how patients who self-harm and the next of kin are encountered by the caregivers.Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the experiences of encounters with caregivers at self-harm.Method: The study was based on narratives, which in this case means analysis of autobiographies. Five autobiographies were analyzed in accordance with a description by Dahlborg-Lyckhage. Four of these were written by self-harmers and one by a next of kin.Results: Three themes and twelve subthemes emerged which describe both negative and positive experiences of encounters with caregivers.

The main purpose of this thesis was to examine the collection management at five different hospital libraries´ children and youth?s section to discern different roles of the collections. We made qualitative interviews with five hospital librarians. The purpose was also to see how the collection development affected the different roles of the collections. We used two theories.

Background: Suicidal individuals are vulnerable patients in need of a caring relationship. A caring relationship should be based on a real presence were the patient's needs are in focus. Yet research has shown that suicidal patients experience caring that exacerbate their suicidial problems and hopelessness.Aim: To describe the experiences of hope and hopelessness in suicidal patients and their encounter with health care.Methods: In a literature review, in accordance with Friberg (2012) eight scientific papers have used, analyzed and scrutinized to answer the purpose of a new whole.Results: Two main themes emerged in the results with related subcategories. Experiences of hopegiving acts with sub-themes: The significance of  a caring relationship, the significance of a strong social network and the significance of feelings of hopefulness. The second main theme that emerged was: Experiences of acts connected to hopelessness with subthemes: The significance of a non-confirmatory caring relationship and the significance of feelings of hopelessness.Discussions: It is found that suicidal patients experience care that lead to feelings of despair.