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BackgroundResearch shows that the majority of patients feel anxiety before and during anesthesia. It has been shown in several studies that preoperative anxiety may cause adverse effects in the postoperative course. Nurse anesthetists have a key role in creating a safe environment and the opportunity to use different interventions to reduce the degree of anxiety.AimThe aim of the study was to examine which interventions may reduce anxiety in adult patients before and during both general, local and regional anesthesia.DesignSystematic literature review with a quantitative approach.ResultsSeveral studies indicate that gabapentin and pregabalin can reduce anxiety before and during anesthesia. The anxiety reducing effect appeared to be dose dependent. The naturopathic drugs Citrus aurantium blossom and Passiflora incarnata Linneaus were found to reduce anxiety before anesthesia. Music on headphones was also found to reduce the patient´s anxiety before and during anesthesia. In this study information provided as video and electronic information material did not demonstrate a reduction in pre-and perioperative anxiety, with exception of one study.ConclusionsSeveral studies indicated that pharmacological interventions could reduce anxiety before and during anesthesia. Listening to music in connection with anesthesia was also found to reduce the degree of anxiety. Music is a simple intervention for the nurse anesthetist to initialize and the patients themselves may be given the opportunity to participate in their treatment by selecting the music. Considerably more research is needed on non-pharmacological interventions to complement all pharmacological research being conducted.