Bakgrund: Delirium är ett sjukdomssyndrom som yttrar sig genom desorientering, problem med minne, perception och akut beteendeförändring. Delirium är en organisk psykisk störning och är ett övergående tillstånd som ofta drabbar äldre med en komorbiditet. Den äldre befolkningen i Sverige beräknas att öka kraftigt och eftersom att risken för delirium väntas öka med åldern finns en risk att andelen med delirium inom sjukhusvården kommer att öka. Orsaker för att utveckla delirium är multifaktoriella, några föreslagna är demenssjukdom, polyfarmaci, infektion, elektrolytiska rubbningar, hjärt- och kärlsjukdom, akut sjukdom eller trauma och miljömässiga faktorer. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda äldre patienter med delirium inom sjukhusvården.

The aim of this thesis was to study the view on workplace health promotion among leaders in elderly care, to see how their views can influence employee health. The research questions of this study were: How do leaders in elderly care define the term health? What conditions do leaders in elderly care experience that they need to maintain or improve employee health? How do leaders in elderly care experience their role in workplace health promotion?The thesis is done with a qualitative approach and is based on six partly structured interviews with leaders of care homes within Stockholm municipality. The results from the interviews were analysed against Aaron Antonovskys theories about the salutogenic model and sense of coherence as well as with previous research. The result from the study showed that the leaders´ had an awareness of the meaning with health promotion, however, they had not reached the stage where they implemented the health promoting thoughts in their actual work with health.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe and compare the degree of selfreporting succession to the basal hygienic routines of emplyees working in municipal old peoples care versus hospital care. It is also to describe the access of material available in prevention of cross infections. The study was also carried out with a comparative and quantitative run up design. The study is based on a questionnaire in the district of Gävleborg in the spring of 2009. Nurses, auxiliaries and carers whom were in close contact with patients were asked to join the study.

AbstractBackground: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and accounted for 7.6 million deaths, about 13% of all deaths, in 2008. Several factors can affect patients' quality of life such as physical and psychological symptoms, relationship to people around and the environment. In palliative care professionals need to have good knowledge in order to improve patient quality of life and to give them as good a life as possible in the final stages of life.Aim: The purpose of this overview study is to describe the experiences of quality of life in patients with incurable cancer.Method: We conducted an overview study that was based on ten scientific articles. All articles are qualitative studies, from the year 1995 - 2011, and are from Sweden, Finland, UK, Canada and the USA. Qualitative analysis was used to group the various themes and subthemes for overview study purpose.

Bakgrund: Patienter som ska genomgå elektiva operationer kan uppleva preoperativ oro och ångest. Preoperativ oro kan grundas i bristande information, tanken på att mista kontrollen samt vistelse i okänd miljö. Det vilar ett stort ansvar på sjuksköterskan då hon ska möjliggöra optimal delaktighet i vård och behandling för patienten samt uppmärksamma patienter som inte själva uttrycker ett omvårdnadsbehov. Syfte: Att sammanställa kunskap om vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan minska patienters preoperativa oro vid elektiva operationer. Metod: Litteraturstudie, baserad på två kvalitativa och åtta kvantitativa artiklar.

The position of middle-management is a role where the manager is at risk of being caught between its management and its employees. Elderly care is an industry that has been discussed a lot, to a large extent on how businesses should be managed and by whom it should be conducted. Middle-management in the business of elderly care thereby possess a vulnerable position in a controversial industry. In this study the aim is to investigate the managers' roles and tasks in both the public sector and the private sector in elderly care. It also aims to examine whether there are differences between the roles and how they in such cases is manifested.

ABSTRACTBackground: Endometriosis is a chronic disease where the tissue, that the uterus contains,also can be found outside the uterus.The objective of the study was to investigate young women?s experience of endometriosisand how they experience the care.Method: Fourteen young adults were asked to participate and eight of them did participate.They were all in the range of age 14-20 and they all had had contact with a unit forendometriosis in Sweden. Semai-structured interview was chosen as the data collectionmethod. An interview guide was used during the interviews. For the analysis aphenomenological method with focus upon experiences was used.Results: The result showed that the young adults? experiences in the daily living containedpain, alienation, tiredness and side effects.

Bakgrund. Smittsamma sjukdomar har i alla tider har framkallat rädsla och fördomar. När vårdaren möter patienter med smittsamma sjukdomar måste de kunna ge trygg vård som grundar sig på teoretisk och praktisk kunskap. I dag möter vårdaren många patienter som bär på smittsamma sjukdomar, nya och tidigare kända, upplevelserna skiljer sig åt beroende på hur mycket kunskap de har om sjukdomen. Syfte.

Background: The relationship between advanced age, presence of illness and impaired functioning is well known. A large proportion of the elderly population has an extensive need of care and service and therefore need help from municipal care. Aging is a transition in life and also affects the person's identity and self image, making the person particularly vulnerable and challenging everyday safety. It is therefore of importance to gain knowledge about which factors at individual and organizational level that support a person-centered nursing care for the elderly so that caring responsibilities and staffing of nursing personnel may be scheduled based on need. Aim: This study aimed at describing dependency and care needs of elderly persons living in ordinary housing, sheltered housing and nursing homes. Furthermore the study aimed at describing how the dependency was related to the staffing of non-licensed and licensed nursing staff in nursing homes. Method: A descriptive and analytical quantitative method was used in the study.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa bemötandets innebörd utifrån både patient och sjuksköterskeperspektiv. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där materialet inhämtades genom sökning av vetenskapliga artiklar i sökmotorn ELIN och i databaserna CINAHL, EBSCO och Elsevier. Artiklar som ansågs besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar kvalitetsgranskades enligt modifierade granskningsmallar av Forsberg och Wengström (2003) och Willman, Stoltz och Bahtsevani (2006) och resultatet baserades på 11 stycken kvalitativa studiers samt en studie med mixed method. Resultatet: I analysen av artiklarna framkom olika faktorer som samtliga innefattade bemötandes innebörd. Dessa faktorer presenterades som fyra huvudteman: Vikten av att skapa en god vårdrelation mellan sjuksköterska och patient, Vårdrelation ur ett patientperspektiv, Vårdrelation ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv och Kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska och patient.

Background: Patients with borderline personality disorder represent a large group in healthcare who are struggling with painful emotions in life. Caring should be based on strengthening health processes by focusing on the patients, but research made by the patient's perspective has shown that this population rather felt that their health processes was counteracted, than promoted. The patients felt that the nurses displayed a negative attitude towards them. Attitudes are defined as a system of values, emotions and actions towards others. Aim: the purpose of this study was to highlight the attitudes and experiences of nurses towards caring for people with borderline personality disorder  Methods: A study on the literature based on nine scientific papers was performed. The articles have been analyzed, systematically coded and compiled into a new unit. Results: This study shows that nurses have an overall negative attitude towards patients with borderline personality disorder.

BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of pain amongst older people. Several studies have shown that between 50 to 80 % of older people, who require domestic care or live in care homes, suffer from pain. Despite this many older people are under treated. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore what care providers perceive to be obstacles and opportunities of managing pain in older people. METHOD: A qualitative approach was used and the date was semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions.

Bakgrund: I palliativ vård var interaktionen mellan sjuksköterska och patient oerhört viktig för att patienten skulle uppleva sin sista tid både värdefull och fridfull. Tidigare forskning har dock visat att sjuksköterskans sätt att bemöta patienten inte alltid stämmer överens med patientens behov. Sjuksköterskan bär ansvaret för att vårdrelationen ska bli så bra som möjligt och därför måste kännedomen om patientens behov och önskemål finnas. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vad som värdesattes i den vårdande relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient vid palliativ vård. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie av åtta vetenskapliga artiklar har utförts med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys.

Female genital mutilation is an ancient custom, practiced mainly in African countries. For several years, Africans has immigrated to Sweden and many of the women are genitally mutilated or circumcised. The aim of this study was to bring some clarity to the attitudes and experiences regarding female genital mutilation among those who are affected. Articles for this literature review were searched for in international databases, and in the university library database. The outcome of this study shows that health care staff is in need of greater knowledge about this custom, in order to be able to handle the situation appropriately.

De senaste 20 åren har det skett en ökning av självmordsförsök i Sverige och varje år dör nästan 1 miljon människor i världen på grund av självmord. En stor andel av dessa personer har tidigare varit i kontakt med somatiska vården på grund av självmordsproblematik. Enligt Ida Jean Orlandos interaktionsteori reagerar sjuksköterskan känslomässigt i mötet med patienten och agerar utifrån denna känsla, vilket har en direkt påverkan på bemötandet. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors bemötande av personer som försökt ta sitt liv med utgångspunkt från sjuksköterskan. Arbetet var en litteraturöversikt som grundades på 13 artiklar som granskats enligt Röda Korsets granskningsmall.