In order to facilitate testing of anesthesia machines a patient simulator has been required by Maquet Critical Care AB. A patient simulator has been developed to reduce expensive and time consuming animal experiments and temporary lab arrangements. The patient simulator has been developed and designed to simulate human lungs with regards to anesthetic uptake, production of carbon dioxide and heating and moisturizing exhaled air.The system comprises a container and a test lung to simulate the volume and the dynamic of the human lung. The simulation of uptake of anesthetics has been implemented by pumping a fraction of the gas from the container through a bypass circuit with an active charcoal filter that adsorbs volatile anesthetics. The flow through the bypass circuit is generated by a pump and is controlled by a linear valve.The resulting performance of the patient simulator has fulfilled the requirements.

The purpose of this study was to find out what thoughts some preschool teachers had about gender andgender work. The aim was also to investigate whether preschool educational orientation had any impacton how teachers thought about gender and gender work.The scientific method for the study was qualitative research interviews. The interviews were conductedindividually with four preschool teachers from two different preschools. The first preschool was agender-oriented school and the other was a non-gender-oriented school.The results of the study show preschool teachers have good knowledge of gender and gender work andwhat they mean in preschool, and this is regardless of the pedagogical approach the preschool they?reworking for has.

Regardless of what discipline nurses work in, wound care is one of the tasks. Caring for wounds involves early detection of signs of infection, in order to avoid complication. Wound infection extends suffering for the patient and causes unnecessary costs for society. The aim was to describe how nurses can identify infection in wounds. Method: The design of the study was a literature review, where13 scientific articles were examined and analyzed.

Sjustegsmodellen är väl känd inom beteendemedicinsk sjukgymnastik och kännetecknas av ett samarbete mellan sjukgymnast och patient för att uppnå högt prioriterade mål. Att dosera efter patientens förutsättningar är av stor vikt för att uppnå god behandlingsföljsamhet. Tilltro till den egna förmågan, Self-Efficacy (SE), är då en betydelsefull faktor att ta hänsyn till. Bedömningen av en annan individs hälsa antas vara komplex, då studier har visat att sjukgymnastens uppfattning om problematiken ofta skiljer sig från patientens. En studie visade att sjukgymnasten tenderade att överskatta patientens smärta, medan en annan visade att hon underskattade de interpersonella problemen.

Staphylococcus aureus belongs to the normal flora. Many healthy people are colonized by the bacterium mainly in the nose but also on the skin and on other mucous membranes without showing symptoms. After damage to the skin, the bacterium can enter the wound and cause infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is resistant to b-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and methicillin.

Background: Poor perineal wound healing and infections after proctectomy surgery, affect a significant proportion of physical and psychological morbidities such as pain, leakage and abscesses. In its lengthening some of these symptoms will lead to extended periods of hospitalization. These kind of postoperative complications are also associated with delays in eventual chemotherapy treatment Aim: To describe the patients experiences of postoperative wound infection as well as communication and self-care support from the nurse specialist after proctectomy due to rectal cancer. Method: A qualitative content analysis was carried out from interviews. Results: Four main categories emerged; ?Coping with postoperative complications?, ?be independent?, ?feel safe?, and ?accept the situation?.

Bakgrund: Kvinnor som röker kan drabbas av minskad fertilitet och det kan ta längre tid för dem att bli gravida. Forskning visar att rökning i samband med graviditet bland annat kan leda till missfall, låg födelsevikt och plötslig spädbarnsdöd. En stor andel av dessa kvinnor är medvetna om riskerna rökning under graviditet kan medföra men trots det fortsätter de att röka. Om vårdgivaren är medveten om de bakomliggande faktorerna till kvinnornas rökbeteende kan hen erbjuda kvinnan en individanpassad omvårdnad. För att kunna erbjuda rätt vård är personcentrerad omvårdnad viktigt.

Många människor i alla åldrar insjuknar varje år i cancer. I Sverige insjuknar mer än 7000 personer i åldrarna 20-54 år. I denna åldersgrupp är det många som har barn. Dessa barn kan ha blandade upplevelser och reaktioner på sin förälders sjukdom, vilket kan vara av vikt för sjuksköterskan att känna till, för att kunna ge dessa barn ett bra stöd. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva barns upplevelser och coping-mekanismer av att leva med en förälder som har cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers are unpleasant and painful and causes anxiety not only patient but also for the relatives. It also results in longer hospital stay and increased costs for health care sector and because of this it?s important to identify and survery the origin and what preventive measures there are to prevent pressure ulcer. AIM: To illustrate the nurses´ work to prevent the origin of pressure ulcers. METHOD: A general literary study where scientific articles were searched and found in electronic databases and through manual searches.

Our aim in this work has been to redesign ModernFamilies and make a user-friendly interface for people with aphasia. The focus has been to identify general issues they might face while using different technology and applications, in order to find better alternative design for ModernFamilies, with a focus on usability. To approach this issue, we used a qualitative method. Our study includes several interviews and observations preformed in conjunction with the AGNES project (AGeing in a NEtworked Society) and speech therapists. Aphasia requires simple design that in the same time gives them support to understand and use technology and different applications.

Risken att drabbas av sjukdom och bli beroende av vård är stor, och att vara utbildad sjuksköterska och bli beroende av vård kan skapa svåra situationer. För att belysa detta komplexa och relativt orörda område valdes syftet att undersöka sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vara patient. Analysen genomfördes med en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys av en biografi och en autobiografi, vilket resulterade i fem kategorier som låg till grund för resultatet. Resultatet i studien visar på värdet av att behandla alla patienter som unika individer oavsett vilken kunskap eller erfarenhet de kan tänkas ha. Att alla patienter, även patienter med sjuksköterskeutbildning, har behov av enkel och tydlig information, bekräftelse och stöd.

The purpose with this study is to gain understanding about student´s view of mathematical education, in the later years of nine-year compulsory school, and the motivation factors that can be identified when student´s gives opportunity to express their own thoughts due to the mathematical education. From experiences we have gained during the practical part of our teachers education we got the impression that student´s think that the mathematical education is boring and uninteresting. Through qualitative methods such as survey and discussions in focus group we have analyzed student´s views of mathematical education and pointed out witch motivation factors that are expressed when student´s gives opportunity to influence over their own education. The results are shown from the answers and comments that student´s gave, during the survey and focus group, and is divided into two main parts, both with focus on motivation ?Mathematics and motivation? and ?Student´s influence and motivation? and also a summery part ?Motivated for mathematical education when the student is given influence over the education?. The study showed that student´s wants to have more difference in the work methods that are used in their mathematical education such as problem solving, games, more work in groups and pairs and more use of IT. In conclusion the study also gives suggestions to other studies that can be made in the same genre as this study in the way that IT can be used in mathematical education and how student´s interest can be used in the education to gain more motivated student´s..

The pre-school is seen by many as the place where children get equipped for the future and the challenges there of. One of the most important aims according of the curriculum for Swedish preschools is that children get the opportunity, in interaction with the pedagogues, to develop their identity and to feel secure and satisfied with themself. Although, in the curriculum of the Swedish preschool system there is a comprehensive focus on the children?s competencies and learning, the importance that the children feel secure is not that prominent. Consequently a paradox occurs between the focus on children?s competencies and their need for care.

In this essay I compare the description of the Thirty Years? War in a number of German and Swedish encyclopedias published between 1854 and 2005. The essay is a historiographical research with focus on three areas; the description of the war background, the reason of the Swedish intervention in the war and the picture of the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf with the consequences of the war and the peace of Westphalia. I want to analyze the differences and similarities in the way the history is being told in the German and Swedish encyclopedias. The research shows a transformation from a narrative, nationalistic, partial description with focus on individuals and specific events to a more analytical and objective description with focus on structures.

BackgroundOur main goal in the clinic is to offer rehabilitation for individuals with hearing losses. The outcome of audiological rehabilitation shall be evaluated in line with the HSL (Swedish health law 2008:3). It is most important to evaluate the results of the audiological rehabilitation for the individual as well as to make sure to reach the goals of HSL.AimThe aim of this study was to try to investigate the audiologists? opinions end experiences how to evaluate audiological rehabilitation. The aim with the focus group interview was to collect increased knowledge regarding questions, answers and observations audiologists consider when evaluating audiological rehabilitation.