Background: Hand hygiene is the simplest and most fundamental means to prevent care related infections. It is of great importance that the guideline of hand hygiene is followed for the patient?s sake. Unfortunately, healthcare workers perform hand hygiene too seldom. If the patient comes down with a care related infection, the suffering will increase.

Acute myocardial infarction is a serious diagnosis. Both the patient and the loved ones experience an immediate uncertainty. To be able to emotionally support the patient´s spouse, the nurse in the coronary care unit must be prepared to also encounter the world of the spouse. The aim of this study was from a nursing perspective to illuminate how life was experienced during the first two months by the spouse of someone, who was stricken by a first time acute myocardial infarction. Interviews with six spouses were conducted.

The Swedish welfare organisation is built on the fact that the legislation gives the municipalities and social workers guidance and direction how to assess cases. Through out this the clients have right to be assessed both equally and individually. How is this done? The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of the organisation referred to the social workers ability to discretion and the evaluation of the assessment in first time applications of social assistant cases. The purpose was also to look for variations in decisions and if these could be explained out of organisational and assessment effects.

The aim of the study was to examine experiences and attitudes to dental hygienist treatment in a group of patients by using the assessment tools Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and Dental Hygienist Beliefs Survey (DHBS) at the dental hygienist clinic, the university of Kristianstad. Another aim of the study was to test the reliability of the assessment tools. Methods: Fifteen respondents answered the two questionnaires at two different occasions before dental hygienist treatment. The results showed that nine respondents reported that they are absolutely calm when their dental hygienist is going to remove tartar, while six are a little bit worried or tensed. The categories ethics, communication, trust and control in DHBS had a positive agreement (mean value 1.1 and 1.2).

BACKGROUND: Exercise on Prescription (EoP) means that a doctor writes out a customized form of exercise to the patient instead of medicine, or in combination with medication. The activity becomes a part of the treatment. Since many today do not follow recommendations for physical activity occurs in the long term a number of public health diseases. EoP promotes health and prevents disease. AIM: The aim of this paper is toexamine whether EoP from a patient perspective perceived to be an efficient and effective method of treatment.

This thesis is a systematic review of the Swedish healthcare and hospital-library?s authorities on the consumer health information. The goal is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses that are inherited in two professions (medical and LiS) with two completely different perspectives on mediating information.The method used is a mix between conceptual analysis of the Swedish term ?patient information? and a Critical conceptual analysis, according to Fairclough, of published native theses and international professional journals.Conclusion of the thesis is that although the nursing and medical staff has the necessary medical expertise it does not, in many cases have either the time or skill to completely satisfy a patient or his/her next of kin´s information needs when exposed in a uneasy situation as when in need of treatment or help in any kind.The hospital librarian on the other hand does have the intermediating skills and most often the time to explain complex treatments or medical procedures, but the lack in medical or nursing expertise.In a perfect setting there is an inter-professional cooperation which brings a lot of positive results. The problem today is often to overcome the gap in awareness of one and other that exists in a modern Swedish hospital..

The aim of this research is to find out what environmental impact a wave power park has on the Swedish west coast by creating a consultation paper (?Samrådsunderlag?) for the Lysekilproject at Uppsala University. To highlight the complexity of the problem a system analytic approach was used and illustrated by a Causal Loop Diagram.The overall assessment of the Lysekilprojects wave power park at the Swedish west coast is that it will have a low impact on the environment. This is due to the relative small size of the wave power park and some technical solutions made with the environmental aspect in mind. Artificial reefs and a sanctuary for marine species are effects created by the wave power park and in the longer term the impact will give access to an untapped source of renewable energy, wave energy.

Background: Nerve mobilisation is a controversial subject which has undergone great development in recent decades. Nerve mobilisation is based on a concept of both examination and treatment of the nervous system. Purpose: To study nerve mobilisation as a treatment in physical therapy with emphasis on evidence regarding the method. Method: A literature review. The search was made through the databases: PubMed/Medline, Academic search, PEDro and CINAHL/webspirs.

Dagkirurgi verksamheten ökar och det pågår en debatt om vilken anestesiform som är mest lämpad för denna verksamhet. Snabb återhämtning, god kvalitet, kostnadseffektivitet och få biverkningar är målen för att få patienten att kunna gå hem samma dag. En kvantitativ studie med en enkät framkonstruerad för studiens syfte utfördes. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad om avgör om en patient skrivs ut tidigt eller sent vid dagkirurgi med övningsmetod intravenös anestesi Target Controlled Infusion TCI eller Total Intraveös Anestesi TIVA. 20 stycken patienter på en dagkirurgisk avdelning observerades postoperativt av ansvarig sjuksköterska, som fyllde i frågorna i enkäten.

The purpose of this literature study was to describe techniques for monitoring general anesthesia and standing chemical restraint in the horse. A number of various techniques and devices related to e.g. blood pressure measurement, blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry are defined, and finally their clinical relevance and reliability are discussed. The equine patient is generally far more exposed to anesthesia-related risks than other smaller species. Complications such as hypotension and hypercapnia are commonly seen during general anesthesia. Thus, close monitoring is essentially performed by the veterinary nurse, whom is responsible for monitoring the anesthetized patient.

Fetman hos befolkningen ökar i världen, vilket påverkar hälsa och livskvalitet, detta ställer höga krav på vården. Sjuksköterskan har som profession stor betydelse för att kunna påverka människors hälsa. Ett yrkesmässigt förhållningsätt för sjuksköterskan inbegriper en god attityd till varje unik patient. Sjuksköterskan bör reflektera över egna värderingar och attityder till fetma, då det påverkar omvårdnadens kvalitet.  Syftet med studien var att belysa vad som påverkar sjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskestudenters attityder till vuxna patienter med fetma. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie, uppbyggd på elva vetenskapliga artiklar.

Bakgrund: Kommunikationen har en grundläggande betydelse för allt omvårdnadsarbete med patienter, men blir ännu viktigare när det rör människor som vårdas palliativt. Vårdpersonalen ska ge korrekt information till patient och samtidigt kunna lyssna på patienten och tyda patientens individuella sätt att kommunicera genom verbal och icke verbal kommunikation. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa kommunikationen i mötet vid palliativ vård. Metoden: Studien utfördes som en litteraturstudie. Författarna valde att analysera nio vetenskapliga artiklar, där alla valda innehöll området kommunikation.

As a patient you can find a lot of information concerning health and diseaseson the Internet. Purpose: The purpose of my study is to gain a betterunderstanding of how physicians relate to well-informed patientsfrom the point of doctor's changing role in meeting the patient related to theweb-based patient information. Today's patients are turning increasingly tothe Internet before they visit their doctor, this is due to the electronic healthinformation is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week while the regulardoctor usually have several weeks of waiting. Problems that can arise with theWeb-based information is that the patient does not have a medical educationto know whether the information is appropriate or not. Method: To explorethese questions, I decided to use both qualitative semi-structured postalquestionnaires and telephone interviews in which the physicians preferreddifferently.

As a small and land scarce country, effective waste management is ofoutmost importance in Singapore. In this study the production of biogasthrough anaerobic digestion from the organic fraction of municipal solidwaste (OFMSW) was compared to incineration of the waste. At the momentalmost all of the OFMSW in Singapore is incinerated. Three differentscenarios were compared to the reference scenario (incineration): one with alarge scale biogas plant that can treat half of all OFMSW in Singapore, onewith a medium scale biogas plant about 15 times smaller than the large oneand one with a small scale biogas plant that can treat waste from e.g. ashopping center or a food center.By using life cycle assessment (LCA) the different scenarios were comparedin terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication,energy use and land use.

Bakgrund: Femton procent av alla möten inom vården upplevs som besvärliga av vårdpersonal. Besvärliga möten inom vården har stora följdverkningar, inte bara för patienten utan även för vårdpersonalen. De ?besvärliga? patienterna riskerar att få sämre vård och bemötas med mindre respekt än övriga patienter. Besvärliga patienter är inte någon väl definierad patientgrupp utan karaktäriseras av en mängd olika egenskaper och symptom.