Pregnant workers are considered at risk in the labor market and therefore need extra protection from employment discrimination . The purpose of this essay is to investigate what protection of pregnant workers against discrimination in employment situations and  if  there  is  no  corresponding  protection  for  female  workers  claim  the  right  to parental leave.The essay describes the national and EU rules on applications and practice, showing how pregnant women and workers on parental leave are treated in the labor market. Through Sweden's accession to the EU , we must apply the requirements nationally EU imposes on its member countries.The essay shows that pregnant employees have a strong legal protection from discrimination in employment , from both DL and by EU directives . Employers who deny workers employment because of pregnancy is guilty of direct discrimination on grounds of sex, because it is only women who may become pregnant. It is not important whether it is a temporary or permanent position .

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to illustrate and analyze the approach and parental involvement of a group of mothers in their children's schooling. Also their reflections on parental involvement will be highlighted and what the parents experience as obstacles in their involvement.Method: I conducted six semi structured interviews for my research. I chose to interview six mothers who have a child in the sixth grade. I chose specifically the sixth grade because the mothers will have had quite a few contacts with the school at this point. I also chose not to reveal their ethnicity because they cannot represent a whole ethnic group anyway.Result: The result of my interviews show that the parents have different approaches when it comes to parental involvement.

2800 kvinnor i Sverige insjuknar i gynekologisk cancer årligen. Vanliga behandlingsmetoder är kirurgi, strål- och cytostatikabehandling. Behandlingarna har visat fysisk och psykisk påverkan och att kvinnor med gynekologisk cancer oroar sig i större grad än andra patienter med andra cancerformer. Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser efter avslutad behandling av gynekologisk cancer. Uppsatsen genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 12 artiklar analyserades.

Bakgrund: Målet med den palliativa vården är att med hjälp av behandlingar och vård bibehålla eller förbättra den livskvalité som personen har. Dock upplever de flesta personer med cancer svår smärta i det palliativa skedet. Dessutom kan personer med cancer uppleva olika former av smärta samtidigt. Smärta kan uttryckas genom både verbal och icke verbal kommunikation. Genom öppen och god kommunikation minskar risken för missförstånd och detta kan leda till ökat välbefinnande för personer med cancer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa hur samspelet mellan personer med cancer i ett palliativt skede och sjuksköterskan påverkade personens upplevelse av smärta. Metod: En litteraturstudie har genomförts med hjälp av åtta artiklar som har analyserats med kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Genom kommunikation och relation mellan personer med cancer och sjuksköterskan kunde smärta lindras.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases and it affects not only adults but also many adolecents and children every year. Those who are affected of disease face many challenges that will affect their lives. The aim of this literature review was to illuminate adolecents experience of cancer and how it affects them in their daily living. The result showed that the adolecents experience many physical and mental side-effects from disease and treatment. They expressed the need of information, support and understanding from their families, friends, school and care givers.

Cancer is one of the most feared diseases in veterinary medicine today, and the incidence is higher than ever due to the fact that our companion animals live longer then they did ten to twenty years ago. Cancer is also one of the most common causes of mortality in older companion animals. This literature review will be about two of the currently most common form of cancer treatment of companion animals in Swedish animal hospitals, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. There will also be a section of general nursing care for cancer patients. The section of chemotherapy will describe the indications for choosing chemotherapy, the way to administrate chemotherapeutic drugs, describe specific chemotherapeutic drugs, potential side effects of chemotherapy, and how to handle and store chemotherapeutic drugs safely. The section of radiation therapy will describe the current devices for delivering radiation therapy, describe the indications for choosing radiation therapy and describe potential side effects that radiation therapy may cause.

Bakgrund: Gynekologisk cancer är en särskilt intim form av cancer och drabbar ca 2900 kvinnor i Sverige varje år. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelser och behov hos kvinnor som har gynekologisk cancer och sjuksköterskans stödjande roll. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ metod. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra huvudteman; förändrad sexualitet, en osäker framtid, relationer samt sjuksköterskans roll. Kvinnorna upplevde en förändrad kroppsbild, ett förändrat sexliv samt en rädsla för recidiv.

The thesis explores the meaning of the concept "children's best" in relation to the social Swedish parental insurance debate from a post-structuralist view. The main material has been taken from daily news papers and the methodological as well as theoretical basis is provided for by Laclau & Mouffes discourse theory. In particular has the concept "empty signifiers" been of use when investigating "children's best" as a strong argument on both the "pro" and "against" sides of the debate of an individualized parental insurance. The theoretic purpose of the thesis is also to examine the poststructuralist/feminist dilemma in order to approach a more pragmatic and useful model of the two combined provided by Alcoff and Fraser. One conclusion is that "children's best" may never have an objective answer and will be a changing concept in time, ideology preference and discoursive field.

AbstractBackground The importance of establishing well-functioning parent-teacher relationships are clear objectives in the Swedish National Curriculum for Preschools, (Lpfö 98, Lpo 94 & Lgr 11 chapter 1-2). Parental involvement in preschool activities is seen as important for several reasons. Facilitating healthy child development, learning and socialisation are some of these reasons. During the past twenty years Sweden has become a multicultural society. Today, people from more than 170 countries live in Sweden, and about 18% of the population are first or second generation immigrants.

En hel del forskning finns inom området cancersjukdomar. Kunskap om personers upplevel-ser av att få återfall i cancer är otillräckliga vad gäller perspektiv på omvårdnad. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att studera personers upplevelse att få återfall i cancer. Sex interna-tionellt publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Ana-lysen resulterade i fem kategorier: att vinna kontroll över hälsan och lära sig att leva med sjukdomen, att inte bli hörsammad, att cancern aldrig försvinner och att man blir rädd att dö i förtid, att ha en Gudstro och att få stöd av någon som älskar en inger hopp och att sätta värde på livet och prioritera mer medvetet.

Background: When a child gets cancer it involves the whole family. The view of family focused care has change over the years. It has been shown that the family needs support to manage their life situation, when their child is ill. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate the family?s life situation, when a child gets cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases among women worldwide. Breast cancer brings fear into many womens? life. It is a threat against life, but also to the psychological health, self-esteem and the female identity. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe newly breast cancer patient?s perception of information provided by healthcare personnel.

Body image in women with breastcancerBreast cancer is the second most common form of cancer in Sweden today. To get a breast cancer diagnose can be a traumatic experience for many women. It´s difficult to forsee how these women are going to control their situation. When a breast has to be removed because of cancer, the women has to adjust to changes in both physical and phychological aspects. The aim of this study was to elucidate body image in women with breast cancer after a mastectomy.

Omvårdnad ? Självständigt arbete I VOM080 VT 2008.

Bakgrund: Cancer är en vanlig sjukdom som drabbar tusentals människor varje år. För dessa människor förändras livet drastiskt. Genom en god vårdrelation kan en del av lidandet lindras. Det finns även lagar som framhåller att det är viktigt att främja för en god relation mellan patient och sjukvårdspersonal. I tidigare forskning framkommer det även att en del sjuksköterskor upplever att det är svårt att samtala med patienter med cancer.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur en god vårdrelation kan skapas i mötet med patienter som drabbats av cancer.Metod: Studien är genomförd med kvalitativ ansats och baseras på fem självbiografier som valdes utifrån uppsatta urvalskriterier.