The aim of thie literature review was to study the advantages and disadventages of the intranasal medication, treating children with acute pain in  prehsopital settings and in emergency care. Searches were performed in databases PubMed and Cinahl. The intranasal method of administrating drugs could be a acceptable compliment to todays's traditional metods. Unnecessary pain is avoided as there is no need for skin penetration. Further studies are necessary in order to integrate this metod both in prehospital settings and in emeregncy care..

Bakgrund: Många patienter i palliativ vård rapporterar en minskad, eller förändrad, förmåga att känna smak och lukt. Smak-och luktförändringar (SoL-förändringar) kan innebära lidanden för den enskilde patienten, men kan även påverka näringsintag samt få negativa följder i det dagliga livet.Syfte: Syftet var att rapportera om cancerpatienters erfarenheter av smak- och luktförändringar och påverkan och hantering av dessa i det dagliga livet när de är i palliativ fas. Metod: Kvantitativ data samlades in från åtta deltagare, under tre mättillfällen per deltagare, via ett frågeformulär. Kvalitativ data beståendes av kommentarer till frågorna, redovisades som citat. Resultat: Det var fem huvudfynd som framkom i resultatet.

The purpose of this study was to assess which basic principles collide when home care service users have requests about how their help is going to be performed. The requests involve gender and ethnicity of the personnel. The study is based on the experiences and reflections of the managers regarding this issue.As the study is focused on the reflections of the managers, I have used a qualitative research method based on interviews. I have also used two case examples as a compliment (vignettes).I was interested to explore how the managers reasoned and argued about gender and ethnicity of the personnel, and their importance in home care situations. I have investigated whether it is considered to be appropriate that the service users chose if a man or a woman helps them in intimate situations (such as showers), and if they are entitled to refuse to receive home care services from people with a different ethnic background.

Different institutional and culture contexts are argued to create differences in fathers practices and attitudes toward fatherhood. By in-depth interviews with swedish and spanish fathers, this Bachelor thesis aims to describe fathers experiences and attitudes toward fatherhood and how they relate to the institutional and culture context. The selection of swedish and spanish fathers aims to illustrate differences and similarities in two welfaremodels that differ. The main difference was how social policy provoces differences in the distribution between paid and non-paid work, where the spanish fathers remain as the main breadwinner. Differences also appeared in attitudes toward formal care.

Background: Delirium is a common condition among elderly patients who are being treated in a hospital environment. However, a large number of patients are wrongly diagnosed. The highest risk categories to develop delirium are elderly people and postoperative patients. By understanding the patients´ experiences the nurse can formulate the care to make it easier for the patient. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to illuminate elderly patients´ experiences of delirium in connection with a hospital visit.

The purpose of this study is to examine some after-school teachers? perceptions about the outdoor stay at the after-school care centre in the schoolyard and in the leisure- environment.Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with the after-school teachers at five after-school care centres in the Stockholm area.In the theoretical part presents the leisure- governance and ongoing research on outdoor learning, research on the school playground and kindergarten local environment affects children in their development and learning, and after-school teachers? professional identity.The theoretical foundation is based on the phenomenographic approach.The questions are:? What is outdoor education according to the after-school teachers?? According to after-school teachers, what educational opportunities are provided by the schoolyard and the local environment?? How do the after-school teachers use the schoolyard and local environment?The result shows that outdoor education can be a knowledge invigorating complement to the indoor teaching and a way for the after-school centre to supplement the compulsory schoolday. The play outdoors can help to increase children's social development, creativity and imagination. The after-school teachers used the schoolyard and local environment for various purposes which may be due to different circumstances, knowledge and experience to carry out educational activities outdoors. But it may also depend on whether the after-school teacher focuses on the regular school day or in the afternoon at the after-school care centre..

Background: Encounters between patient and health care have been shortened and fragmented. Times when the patient is in the continuum of care is related to how well the patient feels confirmed in the meeting with his/her carers. Aim : The aim of this study is to highlight skills that nurses use to provide good care relationships with patients in the ambulance and emergency room. Method: A literature review was done. Search for articles was conducted in the databases Cinahl and Pubmed.

Discussion about the connection between severe mental disorders and criminal acts is constantly ongoing. Violent crimes committed by persons with severe men-tal disorders get a lot of media attention in today´s society. This arise general questions regarding the penalties that these offenders are sentenced to. It is known that the responsibility for these people lies on the forensic psychiatry, however, the media does not draw attention to what is happening in this organization. The purpose of this study is to describe the forensic psychiatric organization from a staff perspective and from a legal perspective.

AbstractThe organization of the health care system in Sweden has been subjected to investigations and discussions in order to make it more effective. The aim is to create a better public health care and to economize on the financial resources. In the year of 2003 an amendment of the Swedish law made it easier for municipalities and county councils to make own solutions and agree about how health service should be organized in the best way. This resulted in a number of test projects. In this paper I will focus on one of these test projects which took place in Borlänge and was based on collaboration between the municipality and the county council in Dalecarlia.

AbstractIn this study eight caregivers, all with long experience from working in nursing homes for people with dementia, were interviewed.  The aim of the study was to describe the caregiver?s experiences in caring for people with dementia and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia disorder. Data were processed by qualitative, inductive, content analysis. The results were presented in four categories: To connect, Two days are never the same, Being calm and giving time and All are needed. The result showed that caregivers met a variety of difficult and varied tasks in nursing.

This degree project was intendet to construct and design packaging for beauty care. At the requestof AssiDomän Frövi the project group were instructed to innovate creative packagesmade of their cardboard Frövi Bright.Three different packages have been developed. Two of them are for child care products and onepackage is for several bath products. These results show that there are possibilities to create creativeand different packages of the cardboard Frövi Bright.The report also enters deeply into the special qualities of Frövi Bright and studies of packagingdesign..

ALMI Business Partner operating in the years 2008-2010 a project called Vivan which is about innovations made by staff in the health care profession. The project Vivian is to bring new products to the market by establishing new companies. We have looked at why health care professionals to a lesser extent than other professionals choose to start businesses. Another question raised is why it is mostly men who have chosen to start their own business in the female-dominated health profession. Traditionally, men have as an advantage over women in the corporate market in Sweden.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som vårdar svårt sjuka döende patienter konfronteras dagligen av sorg, frustration och svårvärderade symtom, där även etiska och kulturella aspekter ingår. I en allt mer personcentrerad och mångkulturell vårdmiljö ökar förväntningar och krav på sjuksköterskans yrkeskunskap.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av patienters uttryck för skuld och skam i palliativ hemsjukvård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien, samt illustrera efterföljande omvårdnadshandlingar.Metod: Studien baseras på sjuksköterskors erfarenheter. Fokusgruppsdata insamlades under våren 2013, i Addis Ababa i Etiopien. Ljudinspelad data transkriberades och analyserades med stöd av kvalitativ systematisk textkondensering. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter visar att skuld- och skamkänslor i samband med obotlig sjukdom hör nära samman med tidigare livshandlingar. Skuld-och skamkänslor kunde enligt sjuksköterskorna vara såväl kulturellt som individuellt betingat.

The aim of this study was to examine nursing personnel?s knowledge about oral health care and attitudes towards the free assessment of the oral status done by the dental service for elderly and handicapped persons in a municipality in the south part of Skåne, and also how personnel experience the free assessment of the oral status done by the dental service and how it functioned at the facilities. The study was carried out by sending out 150 questionnaires to nursing personnel at six special housing facilities. 73% (110 personnel?s) answered the questionnaires.

Bakgrund: Ett stort ansvar vilar på sjuksköterskan, inte minst ansvaret att ta hand om sig själv för att kunna utföra en god och säker omvårdnad med den individuella patienten i fokus, speciellt när det gäller vård i livets slutskede. Tidigare forskning visar att det är emotionellt krävande att arbeta med människor som snart ska dö och att sjuksköterskan behöver emotionell kraft för att klara av detta svåra arbete.Syfte: Syftet var att belysa faktorer som sjuksköterskan upplever ger kraft för att emotionellt klara av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede.Metod: Analys av redan färdigställda kvalitativa originalartiklars resultatdata till en syntetiserande sammanställning över det området som valts att belysas vilket resulterade i tre teman med underteman.Resultat: Själva arbetet i sig, att få kraft av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede, gav sjuksköterskorna kraft vilket framkom som att trivas med sitt jobb, att känna tacksamhet och starkt engagemang samt att få möjlighet till lärande, utveckling och känslomässig kompetens. Vidare återfanns att hämta kraft i sociala relationer samt att få kraft av att ha balans som viktigt för att sjuksköterskorna skulle klara av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede. Sjuksköterskorna fick balans genom att ta hand om sig själv och genom att sätta gränser.Diskussion: Både positiva och negativa upplevelser kan ge sjuksköterskan kraft och det finns flera kraftkällor som sjuksköterskan använder sig av men dessa kan inte användas var och en för sig utan måste ses i ett sammanhang..