Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine if a pre- and post-operative difference could be seen in self-reported pain disability and self-efficacy among patients undergoing surgery as treatment for spinal disc herniation in order to improve process of rehabilitation.Method: A quantitative and descriptive design was used. 10 patients awaiting surgical treatment for spinal disc herniation were included at Akademiska sjukhuset (The Academic Hospital) in Uppsala. Participation was voluntary and the selection was made by convenience. Data was collected using The Pain Disability Index and Self-Efficacy Scale by which the patient would estimate how hindered they felt because of their pain in everyday activities and their self-efficacy to perform everyday activities. This was done the day before surgery and two weeks after surgery.

AimThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is scientific evidence that exercise and/or manual therapy can improve function, in terms of increased mobility and strength on shoulder impingement-like symptoms among athletes. Another aim is to investigate whether these interventions can reduce shoulder pain.MethodA systematic review was conducted in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro and Amed. A total of thirteen articles were selected for further review and compilation. They were then graded for level of evidence according to the PEDro scale and the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (SBU).ResultsThe systematic review shows that there is strong scientific evidence that acupuncture and heat can reduce pain in athletes diagnosed with supraspinatus-tendiopathy. There is limited scientific evidence that exercise increases strength, limited scientific evidence that stretching increases mobility and insufficient scientific evidence that a combination of treatments, with both exercise and stretching, reduces pain and increases function in overhead athletes.ConclusionsExercise and manual therapy can reduce pain and/or improve function in terms of increased mobility and strength in athletes with shoulder impingement-like symptoms.

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate if treatment with ?dry needling? in myofascial triggerpoints (MTrPs) in the rotatorcuff muscles may affect impingement symptoms such as pain during provocative tests, shoulder mobility, and function. The research questions were: Does the value of pain change on the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) between before and after treatment? Do the positive provocative tests for impingement change between before and after treatment? Does the active shoulder mobility change between before and after treatment? Does the self-rated function change between before and after treatment?Method: The study was a prospective randomized intervention study and 19 persons with impingement symptoms (mean ± standard deviation; 58 ± 18 years, and shoulder pain duration 3.9 ± 1.6 months) were randomized into two groups. The groups were tested before, directly after and 3 weeks after treatment.

Denna text undersöker om unga datorspelare uppfattar perifera dynamiska specialeffekter i virtuella spelmiljöer av FPS-spel. Texten går igenom tidigare forskning om perception och hur partikeleffekter i spel har utvecklats de senaste 20 åren. I undersökningen har det tillverkats en spelprototyp som använts för att testa hur spelaren spelat spelet. Därefter har spelaren svarat på en enkät som analyserats tillsammans med gjorda fältobservationer. Resultaten från undersökningen visar att spelare uppfattat specialeffekter i spel.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the customer profitability in a wholesale company. A case study of Eugen Wiberger AB has been conducted. Firstly the authors have examined the current perception of the company regarding their customer profitability and the results of their calculation of the customer profitability. Secondly an Activity-Based Costing analysis has been performed and has been compared to the perception in the case company. The conclusions are that the smaller customers are the least profitable, and in some cases unprofitable, whereas the larger customers are profitable.

ABSTRACTBackground: Most cases of lumbar disc herniation are asymptomatic. When symptomatic, LDH may cause a significant physical and mental distress. Initially, most patients are treated conservative but sometimes operations may be required.Aim: The aim of this study was to provide a review of the scientific basis of physiotherapy, including behavioural therapy, as a treatment to lumbar disc herniation regarding pain, function and the size of disc herniation in people suffering from lumbar disc herniation.Method: Four databases were used in the searches of literature. Assessment of the validity of the studies was done with the PEDro-scale and valuation of evidence rate was made according to guidelines made by the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU).Result: Nine RCT-studies were included with a total of 713 participants. The scientific basis is moderate to support a pain reduction and limited regarding improvement of physical function when it comes to physical exercises, including MDT.

Bakgrund: Smärta är för intensivvårdspatienten en unik, subjektiv, obehaglig och flerdimensionell upplevelse. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskan har ett moraliskt ansvar att lindra patienternas smärta. Verbalt icke-kommunicerandepatienter kan inte skatta sin smärta med hjälp av Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). På en neurointensivvårdsavdelning (NIVA) i Stockholm har det beteendebaserade smärtskattningsverktyget- the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), implementerats. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna på NIVA använder CPOT dagligen i sitt arbete.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder in the western world. A majority of those afflicted by a first acute episode is at high risk of developing sub-acute or persistent symptoms. Persistent LBP can be caused by pathological changes in the discs and disturbed neuromuscular activation, which can cause hypotrophy of the extensors strong type-2 muscle fibres. Deadlift (DL) is an exercise that may correct all these pathological transformations. Aim: To investigate the effect of DL-training on patients with persistent LBP.

Almost all people in Sweden have to visit a grocery store at some point, which are facing plenty of different kind of hygiene risks. They will face both employees and other customer - all of them are possible to give the innocent customer some kind of infection. Does the shopkeeper know this Maybe, maybe not. Nevertheless, there's a lot of work to do for a shopkeeper who wants to understand his customers. The shopkeeper needs to understand how to decrease the customers' risk perception, as well as how risk and media fits together.

The present study origins from Diana Deutschs work with the octave illusion and investigates if musically trained subjects can give a more correct perception of the octave illusion if their visual senses also get stimulated in form of scores.Ten subjects, with over 20 years experience playing an instrument, participated in the investigation. The result shows that a more correct perception of the octave illusion depends on the educational level in scorereading. Four out of five subjects who valued their knowledge in scorereading as being good or very good reported that the score corresponded to what they could hear in the right ear, which is connected to the dominant hemisphere. When they were instructed to focus on both ears three of these subjects reported that the score corresponded to what they could hear in the left ear, but that they could not hear the lower tone in the right ear. As the scores for the right ear were equal for the identical soundexamples this perception could be an indication that stimuli are percieved as being complex and the interpretation is alternated to the non dominant hemisphere..

Bakgrund: svårigheter uppstår med kommunikationen mellan patient och sjuksköterskan vid insjuknande i Alzheimers sjukdom vilket leder till hinder i smärtbedömning av personer med Alzheimers sjukdom jämfört med bedömningen avpersoner utan kognitiv nedsättning. Syfte: syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vikten av korrekt smärtbedömning hos patienter med Alzheimers sjukdom. Metod: studien var en litteraturstudie, 12 artiklar samtliga kvantitativa som svarade mot studiens syfte har granskats och analyserats. Resultat och konklusion: bedömning av smärta hos patienter med Alzheimers sjukdom är komplex, slutsatsen är tvetydig då resultatet visar dels att personer med Alzheimers sjukdom har mer smärta respektive mindre smärta än personer utan kognitiv nedsättning. Bedömningsinstrumenten som undersöktes i studien visade sig vara relevanta men ansvar och kunskap från sjukvårdspersonalen som använder instrumentet var ett krav för att kunna utesluta felkällor av tecken på smärta så som onormala rörelser, beteende och ljud.

There are no reliable, objective and simple methods today for measuring pain in horses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and describe measuring of mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) values with a pressure algometer in clinically pain free riding horses at the riding school of Strömsholm. In this study there were 24 horses. Tape recording and electromyelografi (EMG) was used in an attempt to increase objectivity in the examination. MNT increased with age, however sex and colour had no influence.

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is a tooth disease affecting both domestic and wild cats. Although FORL was described as early as the 1920´s, the etiology is still unclear. Several hypotheses have been presented but different studies have obtained contradictory results, and today there is no generally accepted etiology. Teeth affected by FORL are characterized by root resorption with progressive destruction of the tooth structure and alveolar bone as a consequence of clast cell activity. The disease is considered very painful when reaching a certain stage.

Autism är troligen något som har funnits i alla kulturer. Gemensamt för alla inom autismspektrumet (AST) är svårigheter med kommunikation, socialt samspel och föreställningsförmåga. Orsaken bakom svårigheterna är ännu inte helt klarlagda. Länge har det varit känt att många inom AST kan ha en annorlunda perception. Personer med AST återfinns i alla vårdkontexter och vårdpersonal finns i allmänhet en liten kunskap om hur sjuksköterskan kan bemöta dessa personer som kräver extra hänsyn.

Introduction: Elderly people have much to gain when it comes to physical activity andresistance training. Ageing is a process that every human being has to go through. The mostimportant physical attributes changes, when it comes to handle everyday life and ailment thatusually occurs in the later stages of life. Physical activity and resistance training may help thecommon problem among the elderly, when it comes to cope with issues of pain and strenuouseveryday life that occurs under this ailment. Objective: To identify a senior citizen´sperception about physical activity and attitudes about resistance training.