The purpose of this study is to describe melanotic tumours and the pathogenesis of these tumours. The focus of this study is on differences between benign and malignant tumours as well as the prognosis one may expect when diagnosing this disease. The mechanisms responsible for the occurrences of the tumours are not yet fully understood. It is believed that factors such as chronic trauma, infections, medications and hormones affect the cell mechanisms in some way. Determinants of the malignancy of the tumour are not completely known.

BakgrundStamcellsforskning har utvecklats de senaste årtiondena och är idag ett behandlingalternativ, för flertalet sjukdomar. Stamceller är ursprungsceller för alla typer av blodceller och vid transplantation används stamceller tagna från benmärg, navelsträngsblod och/eller perifert blod. Transplantationen kan antingen ske autologt, där personens egna stamceller används, eller allogent, där stamcellerna härstammar från en donator. Om kroppen avstöter de donerade stamcellerna sker en immunologisk reaktion kallad graft-versus-host disease.I samband med transplantationen genomgår personerna i regel cytostatikabehandling med eller utan kroppsbestrålning, vilket kan medföra negativa följder som bland annat påverkar personens förmåga att inta oral nutrition. För en sjuksköterska är det viktigt att uppmärksamma och lindra en persons sjukdomsupplevelse samt motverka komplikationer.

Results from previous studies have showed that people with depression has an impaired verbal fluency. The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with depression also generate more words containing negative valence. Controlled Oral Word Association test were administered to a group of 13 mildly depressed individuals and a group of 20 non depressed individuals. The fluency and valence of the words produced was analyzed.The results showed no significant differences between the groups regarding either verbal fluency or negative valence. However, a significant positive relationship was found between a negative mood and negative valence.

With this empirical essay I want to research how and why pedagogues use music in their preschool activities. Music is important to me and in relation to the new educational plan I have cautions about that the esthetic subjects may be less prioritized than before. The purpose with my study is to find out preschool pedagogues perspective in learning and evolving children?s educational matters through music. I base my literature theories in this study on Vygotskij and Fröbels theoretical perspectives.

Toothbrushing is the best available method in remaining or restore dental health in dogs. This report treats different aspects about toothbrushing and other dental home care treatments in dogs. Questions like why the dog?s teeth should be brushed, what effects toothbrushing have on dental health and how the teeth can be brushed are treated. Furthermore complements to toothbrushing are treated, the options and their effects.

Vårt syfte med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka hur förskollärare och föräldrar arbetar med barnlitteratur och högläsning i förskola och hem. Vi intervjuade därför fyra förskollärare samt lät föräldrarna till de barn som går på intervjupersonernas avdelningar fylla i en enkät. För att få kunskap om varför och hur man kan arbeta med barnlitteratur och högläsning använde vi oss av litteraturundersökning. Genom vårt intervjumaterial fann vi att förskollärarna arbetar med barnlitteratur och högläsning i olika grad och med olika metoder. Alla föräldrar i vår enkätundersökning läser högt för sina barn.

Ericsson AB i Borås är en del av Business Unit Transmission & Transport Networks (BTTN), en affärsenhet inom Ericssonkoncernen. Enheten tillverkar och tillhandahåller trådlösa och optiska transmissionssystem. På grund av häftiga marknadssvängningar, som stundtals genererar så pass hög orderinläggning att vissa underleverantörer har svårigheter att leverera enligt överkommelse, uppstår materialbrist och leveransförseningar. Denna omständighet och det faktum att vissa kunder inte tillhandahåller Ericsson några prognoser, leder till omfattande omplaneringar som i sin tur medför extra arbete som inte tillför kunden något mervärde. Syftet med examensarbetet har därför varit att kartlägga kundorderprocessen samt huvudplaneringens arbetsrutiner för att sedan analysera och framställa eventuella förbättringsförslag för att reducera antalet omplaneringar.

The purpose of this paper is to study the image of Strindberg that is conveyed in four different textbooks for the upper secondary school. How do the teaching authors choose to portray Strindberg? Do they focus on any one particular aspect of his writing? Adjacent to this a subsidiary aim is to see if teaching authors highlight the fictional nature of Strindberg?s works or choose to encourage a biographical interpretation. The work consists of a study of four literary history textbooks in the subject of Swedish for the upper secondary school, from 2000 to 2012. In the selected material the sections focusing on Strindberg and his writings are closely read and critically analysed.

Introduktion: Hos hemlösa är behovet av tandvård stort. En frisk mun förknippas med välbefinnande, ökad självkänsla och livskvalité.Syfte: Att beskriva hur tandvårdspersonal, dagcenterpersonal och en socialtjänsteman uppfattar de hemlösas egen syn på sin munhälsa.Material och metod: kvalitativ undersökning där semi-strukturerade intervjuer användes.Urval: Studien baserades på fyra intervjuer. Informanterna i studien var i sin profession tandläkare, tandhygienist, tjänsteman på socialförvaltningen och en person som tjänstgjorde på ett dagcenter.Resultat: Presenterades i fyra kategorier, socialt hinder, tandvårdsrädsla, akut smärta och hopp om förändring. Tandvårdsrädsla har två tillhörande underkategorier, trygghet och tillit och att känna sig utlämnad. Dessa kategorier återger informanternas upplevelse i kontakten med hemlösa.Konklusion: Hemlösa upplever frustration över att det tar lång tid att få hjälp med sin tandvård..

User education is an important aspect of university libraries' service to its users. This Masters' Thesis is about online user education. The aim of this study is to analyse five Swedish online user courses in relation to information literacy and learning theory. The web-sites were explored through textual analyses to find how concepts of information literacy and learning theory are expressed. The theoretical framework is based on Carol C Kuhlthau's three levels of user education, Paul Ramsden's three theories of teaching in higher education and Christine Bruce's different aspects of information literacy.

The purpose of this paper is to study the image of Strindberg that is conveyed in four different textbooks for the upper secondary school. How do the teaching authors choose to portray Strindberg? Do they focus on any one particular aspect of his writing? Adjacent to this a subsidiary aim is to see if teaching authors highlight the fictional nature of Strindberg?s works or choose to encourage a biographical interpretation. The work consists of a study of four literary history textbooks in the subject of Swedish for the upper secondary school, from 2000 to 2012. In the selected material the sections focusing on Strindberg and his writings are closely read and critically analysed.

The flagellate Giardia intestinalis has been known to cause diarrhea in both man and dog. Results from epidemiological studies have indicated that transmission of the parasite from dog to man is plausible even though that route of infection has yet to be shown. Several international studies have shown that the parasite frequently occurs in asymptomatic dogs. In Sweden the prevalence of Giardia in healthy dogs is not known though. In this study, faecal samples were collected at two separate occasions from 21 litters and 21 bitches showing no symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract. The samples from each litter were pooled but the samples from the bitches were analyzed individually.

SAMMANFATTNING                                                                                             Syftet med interventionsstudien var att undersöka om ROAG (revised oral assessment guide) munbedömningsinstrument förbättrade sjuksköterskor bedömning av cancerpatienters munhälsa på en palliativ vårdenhet.Metoden hade en kvasiexperimentell design med en journalgranskning före och efter en intervention. Interventionen bestod av en kortare utbildning av munhälsa samt införandet av ROAG munbedömningsinstrumentet.Resultatet visade att både bedömningar och åtgärder av munhälsan har ökat statistiskt signifikant jämfört med före interventionen på den palliativa vårdenheten, resultatet visar också att det inte alltid finns rätt koppling mellan symtom och åtgärd.Slutsats ROAG munbedömningsinstrument är ett bra verktyg för sjuksköterskor att använda för att bedöma munhälsan på en palliativ vårdenhet, men det räcker inte bara med ROAG munbedömningsinstrument utan det behövs kontinuerlig utbildning för att förbättra bedömningar och åtgärder ..

The purpose of this study is to investigate two Handelsbanken offices and how they work in similar ways when dealing with internal communication. The goal is to answer if and in what way the managers` and the employes perceive their internal communication at the two bank officies. By a comparation between the two decentralisized officies the aim is also to study what differences and/or similarities that exists in internal communications?Are managers and employees satisfied with the communication that flows in the organization? I find it interesting to investigate in wheather there exist a similarity in the internal communication between the managers and the employees since it is a decentralized organization.I have made five semi-structured interviews with two managers at two different Handelsbanken offices. Additionally two interviews with two employes at one of the offices and also one interview at the other Handelsbanken office.By the study I have found that all respondents have a positive impression according the internal communication.

This master thesis was initiated with the aim to answer at what level of installed capacity of wind power in the northern parts of Sweden it would be beneficial to improve the transmission capacity from the northern Sweden. During the process of this work the aim has changed to try and create a model that can be used to analyze how well the hydro power installed in the northern Sweden can even out the quick changes in wind power production.To create a good model of all hydro power in northern Sweden is a very large job, unfortunately too large for a master thesis. This report therefore ends with an extensive analysis of the simplifications that have been made and their effects as well as a list of the future work that has to be done.The model that has been created have shown to be effective and produce good results. The conclusions that can be made is that the northern Swedish hydro power have very good possibilities to balance the wind power production. Only a few cases where water have been spilled even though there has been some free capacity has been discovered.